Abstract:
:The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern was analyzed in a forest humus and in an arable soil experimentally polluted with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn at different concentrations. In both soil types, there were gradual changes in the PLFA patterns for the different levels of metal contamination. The changes in the forest soil were similar irrespective of which metal was used, while in the arable soil the changes due to Cu contamination differed from those due to the other metals. Several PLFAs reacted similarly to the metal amendments in the two soil types, while others showed different responses. In both soils, the metal pollution resulted in a decrease in the iso-branched PLFAs i15:0 and i17:0 and in the monounsaturated 16:1omega5 and 16:1omega7c fatty acids, while increases were found for i16:0, the branched br17:0 and br18:0, and the cyclopropane cy17:0 fatty acids. In the forest soil, the methyl branched PLFAs 10Me16:0, 10Me17:0, and 10Me18:0 increased in metal-polluted soils, indicating an increase in actinomycetes, while in the arable soil a decrease was found for 10Me16:0 and 10Me18:0 in response to most metals. The bacterial PLFAs 15:0 and 17:0 increased in all metal-contaminated samples in the arable soil, while they were unaffected in the forest soil. Fatty acid 18:2omega6, which is considered to be predominantly of fungal origin, increased in the arable soil, except in the Cu-amended samples, in which it decreased instead. Effects on the PLFA patterns were found at levels of metal contamination similar to or lower than those at which effects on ATP content, soil respiration, or total amount of PLFAs had occurred.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Frostegård A,Tunlid A,Bååth Edoi
10.1128/AEM.59.11.3605-3617.1993keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-11-01 00:00:00pages
3605-17issue
11eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An NAD(P)H-nicotine blue (quinone) oxidoreductase was discovered as a member of the nicotine catabolic pathway of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. Transcriptional analysis and electromobility shift assays showed that the enzyme gene was expressed in a nicotine-dependent manner under the control of the transcriptional acti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02668-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the continuous problems that Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes as food pathogen, this study assessed global gene regulation in bacteria growing on meat. Since FlhD/FlhC of E. coli K-12 laboratory strains was previously established as a major control point in transducing signals from the environment to seve...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00069-11
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Representatives of only four well-characterized bacterial phyla were isolated from a pasture soil by using liquid serial dilution culture. In contrast, members of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes and of other poorly represented bacterial lineages were isolated in earlier experiments with solidified...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4363-4366.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine is produced by several Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, including glycinea, morsprunorum, atropurpurea, and the closely related tomato and maculicola. To date, all coronatine-producing pv. glycinea, morsprunorum, and atropurpurea strains that have been examined carry the gen...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.10.3530-3536.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To prevent transmission of mycobacterial pathogens, medical devices must be disinfected by germicides with proven mycobactericidal activity. The quantitative carrier test EN 14563 provides an international standard for evaluation of the mycobactericidal activity of disinfectants under practical conditions. However, te...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01660-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic optimizations to achieve high-level production of three different proteins of medical importance for humans, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon alpha 2b (IFN-alpha2b), and single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv-phOx), were investigated during high-cell-density cultivat...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01804-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on Salmonella and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) in autoclaved soil and translocation into leek plants. Six-week-old leek plants (with [Myc+] or without [Myc-] AM fungi) were inoculated with composite suspensions o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02855-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pot experiments showed that Rhizobium japonicum cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel could be used as an inoculant for soybeans and compared favorably to laboratory-made peat base inoculant containing the same bacterial strain. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.37.4.779-781.1979
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::α-Amylase-binding streptococci (ABS) are a heterogeneous group of commensal oral bacterial species that comprise a significant proportion of dental plaque microfloras. Salivary α-amylase, one of the most abundant proteins in human saliva, binds to the surface of these bacteria via specific surface-exposed α-amylase-bi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/AEM.02581-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous genetic analysis (J. W. Willis, J. K. Engwall, and A. K. Chatterjee, Phytopathology 77:1199-1205, 1987) had revealed a tight linkage between pel-3 (pel, pectate lyase gene) and peh-1 (peh, polygalacturonase gene) within the chromosome of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. Nucleotide sequencing, tran...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2545-2552.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium gradients in cyanobacteria play an important role in energy storage under photoautotrophic conditions but have not been well studied during autofermentative metabolism under the dark, anoxic conditions widely used to produce precursors to fuels. Here we demonstrate significant stress-induced acceleration of aut...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00612-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting the presence of enteric viruses in surface waters is a complex modeling problem. Multiple water quality parameters that indicate the presence of human fecal material, the load of fecal material, and the amount of time fecal material has been in the environment are needed. This paper presents the results of ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02780-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathogenic yeast species are asexual and therefore not involved in intra- or interspecies mating. However, high-frequency transfer of plasmid DNA was observed when pathogenic and food-borne yeasts were grown together. This property could play a crucial role in the spread of virulence and drug resistance factors a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00293-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast extract agar, pork infusion agar, and modifications of these media were used to recover heated Clostridium botulinum spores. The D- and z-values were determined. Two type A strains and one type B strain of C. botulinum were studied. In all cases the D-values were largest when the spores were recovered in yeast e...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.4.377-381.1977
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe were used to specifically detect proteolytic and nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B. Two synthetic primers deduced from the amino acid sequence data of type B neurotoxin were used to amplify a 1.5-kbp fragment corresponding to the li...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.58.1.418-420.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is a risk factor for human gastrointestinal disease. The rational development of control strategies for Campylobacter within chickens requires an understanding of the colonization process at the molecular and population levels, both within and between hosts...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02835-07
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms for Fe(III) oxide reduction were investigated in Geothrix fermentans, a dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganism found within the Fe(III) reduction zone of subsurface environments. Culture filtrates of G. fermentans stimulated the reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide by washed cell suspensions,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.5.2294-2299.2002
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent declines in bumble bee populations are of great concern and have prompted critical evaluations of the role of pathogen introductions and host resistance in bee health. One factor that may influence host resilience when facing infection is the gut microbiota. Previous experiments with Bombus terrestris, a Europe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02335-17
更新日期:2018-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for me...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00871-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from ecologically distinct habitats in Latvia was analyzed. A significant variation in the frequency of the genospecies across sites was observed, pointing to the importance of the host community in the ecology of Lyme bor...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.5.3008-3010.2003
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribosomal gene sequences were obtained from bryozoans in the genus Bugula and their bacterial symbionts; analyses of host and symbiont phylogenetic trees did not support a history of strict cospeciation. Symbiont-derived compounds known to defend host larvae from predation were only detected in two out of four symbiot...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02798-07
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estuarine systems are the major conduits for the transfer of nitrate from agricultural and other terrestrial-anthropogenic sources into marine ecosystems. Within estuarine sediments some microbially driven processes (denitrification and anammox) result in the net removal of nitrogen from the environment, while others ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02894-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic association with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The nematode invades and traverses the gut of susceptible insects. X. nematophila is released in the insect blood (hemolymph), where it suppresses host immune responses and functions as a pathogen. X. nematophila pr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00768-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a chemically defined medium without L-alanine, Lactobacillus johnsonii was demonstrated to be strictly auxotrophic for that amino acid. A comparative genetic analysis showed that all known genes involved in L-alanine biosynthesis are absent from the genome of L. johnsonii. This auxotrophy was complemented by het...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.3.1869-1873.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a growing interest in the use of microbial fermentation for the generation of high-demand, high-purity chemicals using cheap feedstocks in an environmentally friendly manner. One example explored here is the production of isoprene (C5H8), a hemiterpene, which is primarily polymerized to polyisoprene in synthe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01723-17
更新日期:2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the in situ spatial organization of ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in domestic wastewater biofilms and autotrophic nitrifying biofilms by using microsensors and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed with 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. The combination of these t...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.7.3182-3191.1999
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of the ruminal bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, and R. albus 7 followed Monod kinetics with respect to concentrations of individual pure cellodextrins (cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose). Under the conditions tested, R. flavefaciens FD-...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.3.1084-1088.1996
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polyene macrolide antibiotic nystatin produced by Streptomyces noursei contains a deoxyaminosugar mycosamine moiety attached to the C-19 carbon of the macrolactone ring through the beta-glycosidic bond. The nystatin biosynthetic gene cluster contains three genes, nysDI, nysDII, and nysDIII, encoding enzymes with p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01122-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 can grow on N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) as the sole C, N, and energy source and utilize sarcosine as the sole N source under aerobic conditions. However, little is known about the genes and enzymes involved in the conversion of DMG to sarcosine in this strain. In the present study, g...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01186-20
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Transpositional mutagenesis of Thiobacillus novellus by Tn501 was achieved by means of the incompatibility of IncP plasmids. Tn501 insertion caused three types of mutant phenotypes: isoleucine auxotrophy, lysine auxotrophy, and a reduced ability to oxidize reduced sulfur compounds and to fix CO(2). Oxidation rates for...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.6.1436-1441.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00