Microwave devices: carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes.

abstract：:Wolbachia is a common maternally inherited bacterial symbiont able to induce crossing sterilities known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in insects. Wolbachia-modified sperm are unable to complete fertilization of uninfected ova, but a rescue function allows infected eggs to develop normally. By providing a reprodu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sinkins SP,Walker T,Lynd AR,Steven AR,Makepeace BL,Godfray HC,Parkhill J

更新日期：2005-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes RNA with remarkable fidelity in vivo. Its low error rate may be achieved by means of a 'proofreading' mechanism comprised of two sequential events. The first event (backtracking) involves a transcriptionally upstream motion of RNAP through several base pairs, which ca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shaevitz JW,Abbondanzieri EA,Landick R,Block SM

更新日期：2003-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species are involved in many cellular metabolic and signalling processes and are thought to have a role in disease, particularly in carcinogenesis and ageing. We have generated mice with targeted inactivation of Prdx1, a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes. Here we show that mice ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Neumann CA,Krause DS,Carman CV,Das S,Dubey DP,Abraham JL,Bronson RT,Fujiwara Y,Orkin SH,Van Etten RA

更新日期：2003-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of respon...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mariathasan S,Turley SJ,Nickles D,Castiglioni A,Yuen K,Wang Y,Kadel EE III,Koeppen H,Astarita JL,Cubas R,Jhunjhunwala S,Banchereau R,Yang Y,Guan Y,Chalouni C,Ziai J,Şenbabaoğlu Y,Santoro S,Sheinson D,Hung J,Giltna

更新日期：2018-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In Fig. 6a of this Article, the two dots corresponding to Cidea and S100b were erroneously moved to the top left of the volcano plot; this figure has been corrected online.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zeng X,Ye M,Resch JM,Jedrychowski MP,Hu B,Lowell BB,Ginty DD,Spiegelman BM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of what is known about the evolution of deinonychosaurs (that is, the group of theropods most closely related to birds) is based on discoveries from North America and Asia. Except for Unenlagia comahuensis and some fragmentary remains from northern Africa, no other evidence was available on deinonychosaurian dive...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Novas FE,Pol D

更新日期：2005-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Io leaves a magnetic footprint on Jupiter's upper atmosphere that appears as a spot of ultraviolet emission that remains fixed underneath Io as Jupiter rotates. The specific physical mechanisms responsible for generating those emissions are not well understood, but in general the spot seems to arise because of an elec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clarke JT,Ajello J,Ballester G,Ben Jaffel L,Connerney J,Gérard JC,Gladstone GR,Grodent D,Pryor W,Trauger J,Waite JH Jr

更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancer patients with the same stage of disease can have markedly different treatment responses and overall outcome. The strongest predictors for metastases (for example, lymph node status and histological grade) fail to classify accurately breast tumours according to their clinical behaviour. Chemotherapy or ho...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van 't Veer LJ,Dai H,van de Vijver MJ,He YD,Hart AA,Mao M,Peterse HL,van der Kooy K,Marton MJ,Witteveen AT,Schreiber GJ,Kerkhoven RM,Roberts C,Linsley PS,Bernards R,Friend SH

更新日期：2002-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factors recognize specific genomic sequences to regulate complex gene-expression programs. Although it is well-established that transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences using a combination of base readout and shape recognition, some fundamental aspects of protein-DNA binding remain poorly und...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Afek A,Shi H,Rangadurai A,Sahay H,Senitzki A,Xhani S,Fang M,Salinas R,Mielko Z,Pufall MA,Poon GMK,Haran TE,Schumacher MA,Al-Hashimi HM,Gordân R

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In multinucleated heterokaryons formed from the fusion of differentiated muscle cells to either hepatocytes or fibroblasts, muscle-specific gene expression is activated, liver-specific gene expression is repressed, and there are changes in the location of the Golgi apparatus. An understanding of the regulatory mechani...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schäfer BW,Blakely BT,Darlington GJ,Blau HM

更新日期：1990-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Payne D

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, the top structure of the right panel of Fig. 1a should be that of cis-9-octadecenoic acid, not trans-9-octadecenoic acid. Please see the accompanying Author Correction. This error has not been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang Z,Wei J,Sobolev YI,Grzybowski BA

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dynamic response of nerve cells to synaptic activation and the spatial distribution of biochemical processes regulated by ion concentration are critically dependent on the cell-surface distribution of ion channels. In the hippocampus, intracellular calcium-ion concentration is thought to influence the biochemical ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Regehr WG,Connor JA,Tank DW

更新日期：1989-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The mariner transposable element is a small member of the short inverted terminal repeat class thought to transpose through a DNA intermediate. Originally described in Drosophila mauritiana, it is now known in several species of the family Drosophilidae, and in a moth Hyalophora cecropia. Here I use primers designed t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Robertson HM

更新日期：1993-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:p97 is a 97,000 molecular weight cell-surface glycoprotein, which is present in human melanomas but in only trace amounts in normal adult tissues. Amino acid sequence and iron binding studies have shown that p97 is structurally and functionally related to transferrin. Reports that the genes for the transferrin recepto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Plowman GD,Brown JP,Enns CA,Schröder J,Nikinmaa B,Sussman HH,Hellström KE,Hellström I

更新日期：1983-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of papillomaviruses in epithelial-derived cancers from several animal species has led to the speculation that these viruses may also have a pathogenic role in the development of certain human carcinomas, particularly those associated with the anogenital tract. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zachow KR,Ostrow RS,Bender M,Watts S,Okagaki T,Pass F,Faras AJ

更新日期：1982-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of a visual pigment molecule to initiate phototransduction requires a minimum energy, Ea, that need not be wholly derived from a photon, but may be supplemented by heat. Theory predicts that absorbance at very long wavelengths declines with the fraction of molecules that have a sufficient complement of ther...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koskelainen A,Ala-Laurila P,Fyhrquist N,Donner K

更新日期：2000-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen consumption by carnivorous reptiles increases enormously after they have eaten a large meal in order to meet metabolic demands, and this places an extra load on the cardiovascular system. Here we show that there is an extraordinarily rapid 40% increase in ventricular muscle mass in Burmese pythons (Python molur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Andersen JB,Rourke BC,Caiozzo VJ,Bennett AF,Hicks JW

更新日期：2005-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The genome of Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus important for the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages in Japan, has been sequenced. The ability to secrete large amounts of proteins and the development of a transformation system have facilitated the use of A. oryzae in modern biotechnology. Although both...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Machida M,Asai K,Sano M,Tanaka T,Kumagai T,Terai G,Kusumoto K,Arima T,Akita O,Kashiwagi Y,Abe K,Gomi K,Horiuchi H,Kitamoto K,Kobayashi T,Takeuchi M,Denning DW,Galagan JE,Nierman WC,Yu J,Archer DB,Bennett JW,Bh

更新日期：2005-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A hemispheric dichotomy on Mars is marked by the sharp contrast between the sparsely cratered northern lowland plains and the heavily cratered southern highlands. Mechanisms proposed to remove ancient crust or form younger lowland crust include one or more giant impacts, subcrustal transport by mantle convection, the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Watters TR,Leuschen CJ,Plaut JJ,Picardi G,Safaeinili A,Clifford SM,Farrell WM,Ivanov AB,Phillips RJ,Stofan ER

更新日期：2006-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Truncation of the tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) constitutively activates the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Apc has a role in development: for example, embryos of mice with truncated Apc do not complete gastrulation. To understand this role more fully, we examined the effect of truncated Apc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hurlstone AF,Haramis AP,Wienholds E,Begthel H,Korving J,Van Eeden F,Cuppen E,Zivkovic D,Plasterk RH,Clevers H

更新日期：2003-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The restriction of intermingling between specific cell populations is crucial for the maintenance of organized patterns during development. A striking example is the restriction of cell mixing between segments in the insect epidermis and the vertebrate hindbrain that may enable each segment to maintain a distinct iden...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu Q,Mellitzer G,Robinson V,Wilkinson DG

更新日期：1999-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a cell type in 7-day-old rat optic nerve that differentiates into a fibrous astrocyte if cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum and into an oligodendrocyte if cultured in the absence of serum. In certain culture conditions some of these cells acquire a mixed phenotype, displaying properties of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Raff MC,Miller RH,Noble M

更新日期：1983-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory is believed to depend on activity-dependent changes in the strength of synapses. In part, this view is based on evidence that the efficacy of synapses can be enhanced or depressed depending on the timing of pre- and postsynaptic activity. However, when such plastic synapses are incorporated into neural network ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Royer S,Paré D

更新日期：2003-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is required for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. Germline activating mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome, whereas somatic PTPN11 mutations cause childhood myeloproliferative disease and contribute to some solid tumours. Recen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang W,Wang J,Moore DC,Liang H,Dooner M,Wu Q,Terek R,Chen Q,Ehrlich MG,Quesenberry PJ,Neel BG

更新日期：2013-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the dominant oxygenic phototroph in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world's oceans. It can grow at a range of depths over which light intensities can vary by up to 4 orders of magnitude. This broad depth distribution has been hypothesized to stem from the coexistence o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore LR,Rocap G,Chisholm SW

更新日期：1998-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in the brain behave as nonlinear oscillators, which develop rhythmic activity and interact to process information. Taking inspiration from this behaviour to realize high-density, low-power neuromorphic computing will require very large numbers of nanoscale nonlinear oscillators. A simple estimation indicates t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Torrejon J,Riou M,Araujo FA,Tsunegi S,Khalsa G,Querlioz D,Bortolotti P,Cros V,Yakushiji K,Fukushima A,Kubota H,Yuasa S,Stiles MD,Grollier J

更新日期：2017-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The theoretical maximum tensile strain--that is, elongation--of a single-walled carbon nanotube is almost 20%, but in practice only 6% is achieved. Here we show that, at high temperatures, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes can undergo superplastic deformation, becoming nearly 280% longer and 15 times narrower ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huang JY,Chen S,Wang ZQ,Kempa K,Wang YM,Jo SH,Chen G,Dresselhaus MS,Ren ZF

更新日期：2006-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The tropics have been suggested as the drivers of global ocean and atmosphere circulation and biogeochemical cycling during the extreme warmth of the Cretaceous period; but the links between orbital forcing, freshwater runoff and the biogeochemistry of continental margins in extreme greenhouse conditions are not fully...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beckmann B,Flögel S,Hofmann P,Schulz M,Wagner T

更新日期：2005-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：:There is compelling evidence that sleep contributes to the long-term consolidation of new memories. This function of sleep has been linked to slow (<1 Hz) potential oscillations, which predominantly arise from the prefrontal neocortex and characterize slow wave sleep. However, oscillations in brain potentials are comm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marshall L,Helgadóttir H,Mölle M,Born J

更新日期：2006-11-30 00:00:00