Abstract：
:Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal of known human toxins, exerting their actions by cleaving the soluble N-ethyl maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) required for neurotransmitter release. Early detection of these toxins is important for appropriate medical treatment. To detect BoNT activity, traditional assays monitor the effects of the toxins on a mammalian organism (observing signs of botulism in mice), or identify cleaved substrate molecules (electrophoresis and immunoblot). Similarly, enzyme-linked assays were used for screening potential toxin inhibitors in vitro in attempt to select antitoxins that could be used for therapeutic purposes. Here we review two recently developed sensor systems for detection of toxin activity in vitro and in living cells. In vitro detection was carried out using a micromechanosensor that relies on the attachment of a bead to the micromachined cantilever through the interactions between SNARE proteins, with synaptobrevin 2 deposited onto beads and syntaxin 1A deposited onto cantilevers. The presence of toxin is indicated by the detachment of the bead, resulting from cleavage of synaptobrevin 2. Additional in vitro detection is possible using fluorescent sensors constructed by inserting linkers, containing fragments of SNARE proteins acting as toxin substrates, between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (CFP and YFP). Toxins cause the cleavage of these linkers and thereby abolish fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CFP and YFP. This approach, combined with an additional sensor based on subcellular redistribution of YFP fluorescence in cells, was used for cell-based screening of toxin activity.
journal_name
Croat Med Jjournal_title
Croatian medical journalauthors
Parpura V,Chapman ERkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-08-01 00:00:00pages
491-7issue
4eissn
0353-9504issn
1332-8166journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIM:To describe a subset of cases with the unusual clinical and histomorphological presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) mimicking fever of unknown origin (FUO) and sepsis. METHODS:A pathology database was searched using full term Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine codes for ALCL to identify 23ALCL ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2008.5.660
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Analysis of countertransference problems in the treatment of a heterogeneous group of war veterans. METHOD:The method used in this work was psychodynamic clinical observation and analysis of countertransference phenomena in group therapy. RESULTS:In the beginning of our work, we faced with a regressive group, whi...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed forensic DNA samples from four cases of sexual assault, using the Y-chromosome-specific human DNA markers and a panel of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). The presence of male contribution was evaluated by the analysis of the Amelogenin locus. A panel of tetrameric Y-STR (DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There may be valuable research going on in the developing and financially less-privileged countries, but it usually does not reach international visibility, in spite of a large number of scientific journals in these countries. Such journals are not only invisible but, by perpetuating a vicious circle of inadequacy, ma...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 评论,社论
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrocephalus is a common brain disorder that is treated only with surgery. The basis for surgical treatment rests on the circulation theory. However, clinical and experimental data to substantiate circulation theory have remained inconclusive. In brain tissue and in the ventricles, we see that osmotic gradients drive...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3325/cmj.2014.55.366
更新日期：2014-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To quantify the exchange of water between cerebral compartments, specifically blood, tissue, perivascular pathways, and cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces, on the basis of experimental data and to propose a dynamic global model of water flux through the entire brain to elucidate functionally relevant fluid exchange ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2017.58.384
更新日期：2017-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine the feasibility of using peer review for the quality control of online materials. METHODS:We analyzed the inter-rater agreement on the quality of epidemiological lectures online, based on the Global Health Network Supercourse lecture library. We examined the agreement among reviewers by looking at kappa...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The article considers available options to educate science editors in the fast-transforming digital environment. There is no single course or resource that can cover their constantly changing and diversifying educational needs. The involvement in research, writing, and reviewing is important for gaining editing skills...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2014.55.672
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On behalf of the European Commission, a Cross-Border Health Care Project was undertaken to explore how citizens living in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine can obtain improved access to health services in the Member States concerned: Belgium, Germany, and The Netherlands. Main attention of the project is focused on practical is...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate what Zagreb University students think about professor-student dating. METHODS:We surveyed 500 students from ten different Zagreb University schools using anonymous questionnaires. Twenty-five female and 25 male students from each school were asked to assess professor-student dating as either accepta...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the circumstances of building of the Civic Hospital in Split in the light of new archival evidence. The study necessitated a thorough review of the older historiography and previously unpublished archival sources kept in the State Archives in Venice and Zadar. The findings showed that construction of t...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was conducted to determine if modern forensic DNA typing methods can be properly employed throughout the world with a final goal of increasing arrests, prosecutions, and convictions of perpetrators of modern day trafficking in persons while concurrently reducing the burden of victim testimony in legal proceedi...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2014.55.3
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Susac syndrome is a rare microangiopathy of cochlea, retina, and brain. We report a case of a 30-year-old man with Susac syndrome. The patient initially suffered from unilateral hearing loss associated with peripheral vestibular syndrome, and followed with recurrent arterial retinal occlusions and encephalopathy. The ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alport syndrome (AS) is a genetically heterogenic, structural disorder of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) due to the mutation of COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes, which clinically presents as progressive hematuric nephritis with ultrastructural changes of the GBM, high tone sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type：
doi：
更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To gain an initial perspective of mental health issues facing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive population at the University Hospital Center of Tirana (UHCT) HIV/AIDS Ambulatory Clinic. METHODS:From June-August 2009, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 79 patients (93% response rate) at the ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2011.52.622
更新日期：2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To establish the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in the population of Labin area in Istria, Croatia, characterized by very little population migration. METHOD:We retrospectively analyzed data on 175 patients (102 men and 73 women) diagnosed with CNS tumor according to the World Health Organ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To determine changes in sexual behaviors and other relevant characteristics related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks among young Croatian adults. METHOD:We surveyed adults aged 18-24 in 2005 (n=1092) and 18-25 in 2010 (n=1005). Both samples were probabilistic and...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2011.52.458
更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To assess the usefulness of a DNA-based method for identifying mushroom species for application in forensic laboratory practice. METHODS:Two hundred twenty-one samples of clinical forensic material (dried mushrooms, food remains, stomach contents, feces, etc) were analyzed. ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nr...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2015.56.32
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To estimate the incidence and mortality trends of gastric and colorectal cancers in Croatia between 1988 and 2008. METHODS:Incidence data for the period 1988-2008 were obtained from the Croatian National Cancer Registry. The number of deaths from gastric and colorectal cancers were obtained from the World Health O...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2012.53.124
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare the prevalence and characteristics of bullying between two towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina-Stolac, which was exposed to firearm conflict during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Posusje, which was outside of the active combat zone. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, we included 484 pr...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2008.4.528
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 社论
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A radical primary health care-oriented reform of the medical services in Albania is now under way, calling for adequate revision in medical education. The reform has started in 1994. In January 1997, the Department of Family Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tirana, was established for the development...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2011.52.48
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last three decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in female sports participation at all levels. However, increased sports participation of female athletes has also increased the incidence of sport-related injuries, which can be either acute trauma or overuse injuries. Overuse injuries may be defined as an im...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3325/cmj.2007.6.767
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine the relationship between war experiences and war-related distress in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS:The survey was performed in the late 2003 on a representative sample of 3313 respondents. The face-to-face interviews included 15 items on war-related distress and 24 items on war experiences. From these...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2008.1.75
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To immunohistochemically evaluate the expression of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A, and NY-ESO-1 cancer/testis (C/T) tumor antigens in medullary breast cancer (MBC) tumor samples and to analyze it in relation to the clinicopathological features. METHODS:This retrospective study included samples from 49 patients: 40 with typical ...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2011.52.171
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine how 5-factor personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) and 3 higher-order health-related personality constructs (negative experience, optimistic control, and passivity) are related to self-reports of subjective health outcomes (positive and negative mo...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3325/cmj.2009.50.394
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare the early biochemical response and rate of adverse effects in patients who received prednisolone (PRED)/azathioprine (AZA) and those who received budesonide (BUD)/AZA as the first-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis. METHODS:The study involved 25 patients receiving PRED 30 mg/day + AZA 50 mg/day and...
journal_title：Croatian medical journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-08-31 00:00:00
