Abstract:
:Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) represents one histologic subtype of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). NSIP is typified by temporal homogeneity and less profusion of fibroblastic foci than is seen with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), the most common IIP. Clinically patients with NSIP present with similar symptoms (cough and dyspnea) when compared to patients with UIP. The duration of these symptoms prior to presentation is variable. The finding of fever may be more common in NSIP and clubbing may be more common in UIP; however, both findings can be seen in either UIP or NSIP. Physiological findings typically demonstrate a restrictive ventilatory defect with decreased gas transfer; little difference exists between UIP and NSIP. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans are more likely to show honeycombing with UIP and a ground-glass pattern with NSIP, however, either of these findings can be seen with UIP or NSIP. The most striking differential feature between NSIP and UIP is the markedly better prognosis for patients with NSIP, a finding that cannot be explained by baseline differences in physiology or radiographic features. In this article we explore the clinical, physiological, and radiographic features of NSIP. We also review available information regarding response to therapy and prognosis.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
Flaherty KR,Martinez FJ,Travis W,Lynch JP 3rddoi
10.1055/s-2001-17385keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
423-34issue
4eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. Although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, NTM can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by M. marinum (particularly...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333569
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of a patient with hypoventilation requires a combination of clinical history, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, and chest radiography to help determine the cause. Specialized testing such as measurement of respiratory muscle strength and assessment of ventilatory control may also be needed. ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1222443
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischemia-reperfusion injury and infections have contributed to increase the 1 year patient survival after lung transplantation to 70 to 80%. However, the incidence of acute rejection remains higher than a...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-954609
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease of unknown cause, occurring in adults, limited to the lungs and associated with the pathologic and radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Prognosis is poor, and most patients die of respiratory failure within 3 to 6 years from the o...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1580693
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses the pleural effusions that occur with the post-cardiac injury (Dressler's) syndrome (PCIS) and those that occur after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The PCIS can occur after any type of cardiac injury and is thought to be due to anti-myocardial antibodies. The primary symptoms are ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-18802
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome represents a continuum of cumulative organ dysfunction from very mildly altered function to total and, rarely, irreversible organ failure and is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). The terms multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), multiple organ system failure (MO...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287862
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disorder that characteristically causes joint inflammation and damage. In addition, many patients develop extraarticular manifestations which may cause significant comorbidity and premature mortality.Some respiratory tract involvement of the upper and lower airw...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683995
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current research indicates that the majority of survivors of critical illness develop post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which includes new or worsening cognitive or psychiatric disorders that persist for months to years after critical illness. These cognitive impairments and psychiatric disorders are profound and l...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1321984
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most commonly isolated nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory pathogen worldwide. MAC lung disease is manifested either by fibrocavitary radiographic changes similar to pulmonary tuberculosis or by bronchiectasis with nodular and reticulonodular radiographic changes. This lat...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660472
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality from the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the infant respiratory distress syndrome remains high despite numerous interventions and modalities. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are inert liquids that can dissolve large amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide and can be used as respiratory media. Partial liqu...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9852
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overarching goals of early sepsis management include early recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy and source control, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, and supportive care of organ dysfunction. Despite increasing awareness of the global burden of sepsis, and general agreement on the goals of management, t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1696981
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila has been found to be a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In many studies, the clinical manifestations for Legionnaires' disease were more severe and the mortality was higher when compared with pneumonias of other etiology. ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9862
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sleep of intensive care unit (ICU) patients is remarkably disrupted. Several studies, employing both subjective and objective measures of sleep quality, have demonstrated that critically ill patients exhibit severe sleep fragmentation and reduced restorative sleep, particularly a suppression of rapid eye movement ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13829
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic sarcoidosis is a relatively common manifestation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. It occurs in 20 to 30% of cases and is rarely severe. However, a cluster of patients may develop severe complications such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of clinical, biologi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713799
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral corticosteroids are powerful relatively nonspecific antiinflammatory agents with a range of well-characterized side effects. There is good evidence to show that they accelerate the rate of resolution of exacerbations of COPD and relapse is less likely if patients receive these drugs. Maintenance therapy with oral...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-869542
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to familiarize a broad range of medical professionals with a relatively new and growing problem of infections caused by mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. There are at least 60 mycobacterial species that have been identified as causative agents of diseases in humans. T...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-829501
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to large emboli that cause hemodynamic instability, right ventricular failure, and circulatory collapse. According to the 2016 ACCP Antithrombotic Guidelines, therapy for massive PE should include systemic thrombolytic therapy in conjunction with anticoagulation and supportive ca...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1597559
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is a common and life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. Severe sepsis includes multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. The organ most often affected is the lung, with development of acute lung injury (ALI), which, in its most severe form, is referred to as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-948290
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which inflammation of blood vessel walls is present at least some time during the course of the disease. Vasculitides can affect any caliber or type of vessel in many anatomic sites; however, the disease can alter more than just vasculature. Given the diversity of...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1669412
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daily oral care with chlorhexidine for mechanically ventilated patients is ubiquitous in contemporary intensive care practice. The practice is predicated upon meta-analyses suggesting that adding chlorhexidine to daily oral care regimens can reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates by up to 40%. Close analys...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602584
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumothorax is a common clinical entity that may present to a wide variety of medical specialties. Primary pneumothorax (in the presence of no known underlying lung disease) and secondary pneumothorax (in known lung disease) are distinct entities with varied etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Diagnosis is usually ba...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1081285
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) represents one of the largest subsets of patients with pneumonia. Based on epidemiological projections for the aging U.S. population, the number of hospitalizations for HCAP is expected to increase exponentially for the next several decades. The unique risk factors for colonizati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119812
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment strategies for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are evolving. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) plus corticosteroids (CSs) is the mainstay of therapy for generalized, multisystemic AAV. Historically, the combination of CYC plus CS was used for a minimum of 12 months, but concern a...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1279831
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the pediatric population is associated with a variety of underlying diseases and causes, significantly morbidity and mortality. In the majority of patients, PAH in children is idiopathic or associated with congenital heart disease (CHD), with pulmonary hypertension (PH) associa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1356461
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease. Some of this is accounted for by CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction in individual organs but in some cases this is compounded by the effects of systemic inflammation. The inflammation is in response to the chronic infection in the airways and is particularly im...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-981651
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumocystis jiroveci remains an important fungal pathogen in a broad range of immunocompromised hosts. The natural reservoir of infection remains unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) develops via airborne transmission or reactivation of inadequately treated infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have b...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3399559
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970331
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identifying genetic determinants of pulmonary fibrosis is at an early stage of evolution. It is now well recognized that "pulmonary fibrosis" covers a broad range of lung diseases including most topically the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias that have been classified recently. Additionally, it is recognized that the...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2003-39019
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, much information has been gained on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients suspected of having hospital-acquired pneumonia. The key to an effective therapeutic approach is the diagnostic strategy used, and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Many patients, but no...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-35717
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen in the infection arena. It is able to easily adapt to the environment which it inhabits and can also colonize and invade the human host to cause serious infections. In 2011, it was responsible for 7.1% of all health care-associated infection in the United States. The mor...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396907
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00