Abstract:
:The overarching goals of early sepsis management include early recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy and source control, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, and supportive care of organ dysfunction. Despite increasing awareness of the global burden of sepsis, and general agreement on the goals of management, there is ongoing controversy regarding the implementation of specific treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes. This article will address five current points of controversy in the management of sepsis and septic shock. These include optimal timing of antibiotics in patients with potential sepsis, the role of glucocorticoids in septic shock, vitamin C as a novel therapy for sepsis, the ideal intravenous fluid for resuscitation, and the optimal balance of fluid resuscitation and vasopressor administration in septic shock. For each of these topics, we review relevant literature, discuss areas of controversy, and present our current approach to management.
journal_name
Semin Respir Crit Care Medjournal_title
Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicineauthors
Moss SR,Prescott HCdoi
10.1055/s-0039-1696981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
594-603issue
5eissn
1069-3424issn
1098-9048journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Increasing donor availability for organ transplantation requires attention to factors that are potentially modifiable. The potential pool of available organs can theoretically be enlarged by considering new sources of organs, including non-beating heart donors, live donor lobar transplants, xenotransplants, and in vit...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-18426
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pandemics of influenza have been reported since the early sixteenth century. Recent pandemics include the Spanish flu (H1N1) from 1918 to 1920 (resulting in approximately 50 million deaths worldwide); the Asian flu (H2N2) from 1957 to 1958 (resulting in more than 1 million deaths); the Hong Kong flu (H3N2) from 1968 t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-976488
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although durable local control rates are high after surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for early-stage disease, a substantial proportion of these patients eventually experience regiona...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3399578
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among immunocompromised individuals, members of the human Herpesviridae family are frequently encountered pathogens. Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-6, -7, and -8 all establish latency after infection and can reactivate during periods of ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584793
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonneoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorders consist of a complex spectrum of diseases for pathologists and pulmonologists alike. Advances in our understanding of these disorders in recent years have led to revisions in the classification scheme. This review summarizes the clinicoradiological and pathological features o...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1325156
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloidosis is the term given to abnormal deposition of misfolded precursor proteins at single or multiple sites, leading to organ dysfunction or clinical signs and symptoms. Pulmonary manifestations are nonspecific and may be associated with several amyloid protein subtypes, commonly AL (light chain) and AA (autoimmu...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1708059
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection (IFI), caused predominantly by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, that affects both immunocompromised (IC) and non-IC patients. Although the most serious disease manifestation is meningoencephalitis, cryptococcal pneumonia is underdiagnosed and may disseminat...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295720
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection occurs worldwide and is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 5- to 20-year-olds. The most reliable diagnostic test is the enzyme immunoassay, which allows immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM titration and presents 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity on paired samples....
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-925525
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has lately been recognized as a unique disease based on rapidly gained knowledge from genomic changes to treatment responses. The focus of this article is on current knowledge and challenges with regard to LCINS expanded from recent reviews highlighting five areas: (1) distribution...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272865
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations requiring hospitalization are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the importance of COPD exacerbations has led to the knowledge that prevention of exacerbations and early treatment are important goals of COPD therapy. Preventive man...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1254071
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheobronchial prostheses, known as airway stents, are used to palliate the effects of large airway obstruction. The most common types of stents in current clinical use are made of silicone or metallic wire. An ideal stent should possess several characteristics: (1) it should be easy to insert and remove, if necessa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-832710
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 3 decades, antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), has escalated dramatically worldwide. In the late 1970s, strains of pneumococci displaying resistance to penicillin were described in South Africa and Spain. By the early 1990s...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1202939
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critical illness evoked by trauma, extensive surgery, or severe medical illnesses is the ultimate example of acute severe physical stress. The endocrine response in a critically injured and stressed patient is varied and complex. Although the acute and chronic phases of critical illness are characterized by distinct e...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-945533
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to familiarize a broad range of medical professionals with a relatively new and growing problem of infections caused by mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. There are at least 60 mycobacterial species that have been identified as causative agents of diseases in humans. T...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-829501
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer associated with asbestos exposure and portends a dismal prognosis. Its worldwide incidence has been increasing, and treatment options are currently suboptimal and noncurative. However, since the turn of the century, several encouraging steps have been made toward improvi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693406
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality from the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the infant respiratory distress syndrome remains high despite numerous interventions and modalities. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are inert liquids that can dissolve large amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide and can be used as respiratory media. Partial liqu...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9852
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasculitides affecting large and medium-sized vessels are heterogeneous. This group includes such disorders as giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's disease, and sarcoidosis. There are several challenges that may arise in the care of patients with these disorders. Diagnosis may be elusive when initially evaluating pati...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-836148
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances have been made in minimally invasive diagnostic procedures in sarcoidosis, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), and positron emission tomography (PET). Several independent groups found almost identical predictive values of t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262207
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Scedosporium comprises a group of filamentous fungi found ubiquitously in the environment. The two major human pathogens within this genus are S. apiospermum-the asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii-and S. prolificans. Both histologically resemble Aspergillus species, with hyphae that are septated and br...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-824901
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, much information has been gained on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients suspected of having hospital-acquired pneumonia. The key to an effective therapeutic approach is the diagnostic strategy used, and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Many patients, but no...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-35717
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is primarily a disease of the elderly. Although NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the overall prognosis of this disease is poor, treatment improves survival compared with best supportive care, independent of the stage of disease. Elderly patients hav...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-871987
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In heart failure (HF), pleural effusion results from increased interstitial fluid in the lung due to elevated pulmonary capillary pressure. Rarely, pleural effusions may occur in association with isolated right HF. HF-associated effusions are typically bilateral, but if unilateral, they are more commonly seen on the r...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1269828
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. Although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, NTM can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by M. marinum (particularly...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333569
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970331
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of thi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697975
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Dr. Joseph Lynch, editor of Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, invited us to organize and edit this topic we-and our contributors-were initially baffled about how we could marry outcomes, ethics, and economics. His perspective as an elder-statesman, who has observed the evolution of critical care...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322413
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung-protective ventilator strategies are considered standard practice in the care of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, attention is directed at avoidance of alveolar overdistention and cyclical opening and closing. The lowest possible plateau pre...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382154
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of patients suspected of having ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires a strategy for diagnosis and treatment that is designated to: (1) identify patients with true lung bacterial infection; (2) determine the pathogen(s) responsible for pneumonia; (3) permit early selection of appropriate antimi...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-933672
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumothorax is a common clinical entity that may present to a wide variety of medical specialties. Primary pneumothorax (in the presence of no known underlying lung disease) and secondary pneumothorax (in known lung disease) are distinct entities with varied etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Diagnosis is usually ba...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1081285
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in positive pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, compliance continues to be a problem for many patients. Sleep apnea surgery is a viable option for patients who are intolerant of positive pressure therapy. This review presents the current state of the art in sleep apnea surgery, including air...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-864201
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00