Abstract:
:We introduce the concept of hybridization chain reaction (HCR), in which stable DNA monomers assemble only upon exposure to a target DNA fragment. In the simplest version of this process, two stable species of DNA hairpins coexist in solution until the introduction of initiator strands triggers a cascade of hybridization events that yields nicked double helices analogous to alternating copolymers. The average molecular weight of the HCR products varies inversely with initiator concentration. Amplification of more diverse recognition events can be achieved by coupling HCR to aptamer triggers. This functionality allows DNA to act as an amplifying transducer for biosensing applications.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Dirks RM,Pierce NAdoi
10.1073/pnas.0407024101keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-26 00:00:00pages
15275-8issue
43eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0407024101journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The recent observation of superconductivity in [Formula: see text] has raised fundamental questions about the hierarchy of the underlying electronic structure. Calculations suggest that this system falls in the Mott-Hubbard regime, rather than the charge-transfer configuration of other nickel oxides and the supercondu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2007683118
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Patients treated with current chemotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have a survival rate of approximately 15% after 5 years. Novel approaches are needed to treat this disease. We show elevated NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702176104
更新日期:2007-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide essential information about the thermodynamics and dynamics of proteins. To construct the free-energy surface from equilibrium trajectories, it is necessary to group the individual snapshots in a meaningful way. The inherent structures (IS) are shown to provide an appropriat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0915087107
更新日期:2010-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of identifying VEGF-independent pathways in pathological angiogenesis is increasingly recognized as a result of the emerging drug resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. PDGF-CC is the third member of the PDGF family discovered after more than two decades of studies on PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB. The biological fun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1004143107
更新日期:2010-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::We show that the diverse ecoregions of Madagascar share one distinctive climatic feature: unpredictable intra- or interannual precipitation compared with other regions with comparable rainfall. Climatic unpredictability is associated with unpredictable patterns of fruiting and flowering. It is argued that these featur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704346104
更新日期:2007-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Protein database searches frequently can reveal biologically significant sequence relationships useful in understanding structure and function. Weak but meaningful sequence patterns can be obscured, however, by other similarities due only to chance. By searching a database for multiple as opposed to pairwise alignment...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5509
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We perform a generalized-ensemble simulation of a small peptide taking the interactions among all atoms into account. From this simulation we obtain thermodynamic quantities over a wide range of temperatures. In particular, we show that the folding of a small peptide is a multistage process associated with two charact...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10652
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Crises in science concern not only methods, statistics, and results but also, theory development. Beyond the indispensable refinement of tools and procedures, resolving crises would also benefit from a deeper understanding of the concepts and processes guiding research. Usually, theories compete, and some lose, incent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906720117
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::The two nitrile groups at the wings of the nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor TMC278 are both identified in high-sensitivity 2D IR spectroscopy experiments of the HIV-1 RT/TMC278 complex. The vibrational spectra indicate that the two arms of the inhibitor sense quite different environments within...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709320104
更新日期:2008-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::C-tail-anchored (TA) proteins often require a transmembrane domain of moderate hydrophobicity to maintain their endoplasmic reticulum residence, but the suggested role of protein-lipid interactions in this phenomenon has not been established. Here, we studied the interaction of TA proteins with lipids by differential ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508157102
更新日期:2005-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The charge-stabilization effect associated with alpha-helices in proteins has been reexamined by microscopic calculations without any a priori assumptions about the dielectric constant of the protein. The calculations reproduce the observed charge stabilization effect of a helix in two well-defined test cases: a histi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.5.2026
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome 14 allelic loss is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and may reflect essential tumor suppressor gene loss in tumorigenesis. An intact chromosome 14 was transferred to an NPC cell line using a microcell-mediated chromosome transfer approach. Microcell hybrids (MCHs) containing intact exogenously trans...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900198106
更新日期:2009-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::We use alternating-laser excitation to achieve fluorescence-aided molecule sorting (FAMS) and enable simultaneous analysis of biomolecular structure and interactions at the level of single molecules. This was performed by labeling biomolecules with fluorophores that serve as donor-acceptor pairs for Förster resonance ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401690101
更新日期:2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::A mixture of two recombinant plasmids was microinjected into mouse thymidine kinase-negative fibroblasts (L cells). One plasmid contained the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type I and the other contained the human beta globin gene. Seven fibroblast colonies arising from injected cells incubated in hypox...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5399
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report we provide evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are present on hippocampal astrocytes and their activation produces rapid currents and calcium transients. Our data indicate that these responses obtained from astrocytes are primarily mediated by an AChR subtype that is functi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.071540198
更新日期:2001-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::We use computer simulations to study the thermodynamic properties of a glass-former in which a fraction c of the particles has been permanently frozen. By thermodynamic integration, we determine the Kauzmann, or ideal glass transition, temperature [Formula: see text] at which the configurational entropy vanishes. This...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500730112
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in DNA microarray analysis is to effectively dissociate actual gene expression values from experimental noise. We report here a detailed noise analysis for oligonuleotide-based microarray experiments involving reverse transcription, generation of labeled cRNA (target) through in vitro transcription, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.222164199
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Viral membrane fusion proteins of class I are trimers in which the protomeric unit is a complex of a surface subunit (SU) and a fusion active transmembrane subunit (TM). Here we have studied how the protomeric units of Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein (Env) are activated in relation to each other, sequen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617264114
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Ellagic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenol, inhibits the activity of the direct-acting mutagen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MeNU) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Ellagic acid at 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mM inhibited the mutagenicity of MeNU (0.40 mM) by 3%, 13%, 45%, and 60%, respectively. Ellagic acid (3 mM) also...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.21.8039
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme p-cresol methylhydroxylase [4-cresol: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (methyl-hydroxylating), EC 1.17.99.1] contains two subunits: a cytochrome c (electron transfer) subunit (cytochrome cpc) and a flavin (catalytic) subunit. When these subunits are separated by isoelectric focusing, a stable cytochrome subunit is...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9463
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An intermolecular intercalation of base pairs was found at the CA step in the I222 crystal structure of the RNA.DNA hybrid, r(CAAAGAAAAG).d(CTTTTCTTTG), which contains two-thirds of the polypurine tract sequence of HIV-1 with a substitution of cytosine for the initial adenine. This sequence crystallized in both P21212...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1533326100
更新日期:2003-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::In earlier studies it was shown that the mammalian translation system is highly organized in vivo and that the intermediates in the process, aminoacyl-tRNAs, are channeled--i.e., they are directly transferred from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the elongation factor to the ribosomes without dissociating into the ce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7158
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three proteins required for poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis have been separated from yeast. Two of the factors correspond to the elongation factors 1 and 2 described for other eukaryotic systems, according to the criteria of phenylalanyl-tRNA binding and diphtheria toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. The th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.1.73
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike other predators that use vision as their primary sensory system, bats compute the three-dimensional (3D) position of flying insects from discrete echo snapshots, which raises questions about the strategies they employ to track and intercept erratically moving prey from interrupted sensory information. Here, we ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2011719117
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Substrate rigidity affects many physiological processes through mechanochemical signals from focal adhesion (FA) complexes that subsequently modulate gene expression. We find that shuttling of the LIM domain (domain discovered in the proteins, Lin11, Isl-1, and Mec-3) protein four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) betwe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1608210113
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-thiazole-carboxamide; NSC 286193), an antitumor carbon-linked nucleoside that inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (IMP:NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.205) and depletes guanylate levels, can activate the erythroid differentiation program of K-562 human leukemia cells. Tiazofurin-mediated cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6533
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant mothers often report a special awareness of and bonding with their unborn child. Little is known about this relationship although it may offer potential for the assessment of the fetal condition. Recently we found evidence of short epochs of fetal-maternal heart rate synchronization under uncontrolled conditi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901049106
更新日期:2009-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic studies of the white locus have shown that it has a distal region where structural mutations occur and a proximal region where regulatory mutations occur. To better understand the molecular basis of this genetic organization we have analyzed white locus transcription. A 2.7-kilobase transcript comprising 0.000...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.22.6917
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human liver alkaline phosphatase [ortho-phosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] was purified, and some of its physical and chemical properties were examined and compared to those of human placental alkaline phosphatase. The results indicated a different peptide structure for each, based u...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2201
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal models of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections have not been available to study pathogenesis or to evaluate antiviral drugs. Severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human fetal tissues (SCID-hu) were found to support CMV replication and may provide a model for this species-specific virus. When con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.1.104
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00