Abstract：
:For a virus to survive and replicate in an organism, it must employ strategies to evade and misdirect the host's immune response. There is compelling evidence that the primary immunoevasive strategy utilized by the SARS virus, like influenza, is to inhibit its host's corticosteroid stress response. This is accomplished by viral expression of amino acid sequences that are molecular mimics of the host's adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). When the host produces antibodies against these viral antigens, the antibodies also bind to the host's own ACTH, which limits the host's stress response by interfering with ACTH's ability to stimulate the secretion of corticosteroids. This inadequate corticosteroid response provokes symptoms as a result of a relative adrenocortical insufficiency. Treatment with corticosteroids can relieve the patient's symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency and give them the corticosteroid levels needed to fight their infection. Similarly, by taking moderate daily doses of corticosteroids as a prophylactic, it may be possible to avoid clinical infection with SARS. If SARS's ACTH mimic strategy never has an opportunity to get started, SARS's ability to evade its host's immune system while its viral load is low will be significantly impaired. In this article, amino acid sequences from the SARS and influenza viruses representing likely homology to human ACTH are identified. Evidence demonstrating that ACTH autoantibodies are produced during influenza infection is also presented. Early treatment with corticosteroids should lower the dose necessary to counteract SARS's ACTH autoantibody mechanism. If corticosteroid treatment is delayed until inflammatory cytokine levels are causing serious injury, only high doses of corticosteroids are likely to be effective.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Wheatland Rdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2004.04.009keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
855-62issue
5eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306987704002828journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In contrast to Geschwind, Behan and Galaburda (GBG) theory, there is strong evidence that inheritance through maternal line is responsible for the coexistence of asthma and left-handedness early in childhood. A new model that incorporates GBG's theory and maternal inheritance is proposed. This hypothesis suggests that...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00325-6
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac chambers have afferent connections to the brainstem and to the spinal cord. Vagal afferents mediate depressor responses and become activated by volume expansion, increased myocardial contractility and atrial natriuretic factor. Sympathetic afferents, on the contrary, are activated by metabolic mediators, myoca...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0029
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous medical conditions present with acute and severe autonomic and muscular overactivity. These syndromes include Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Serotonin Syndrome, Dysautonomia (or paroxysmal sympathetic storms) following acquired brain injury, Autonomic Dysreflexia, Parkinsonian-Hyperpyrexia Syndrome, Malignan...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.037
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is a known fact that individuals who engaged in delinquent behavior in childhood are more probable to carry on similar behavior in adulthood. If the factors that lead children to involve in delinquency are defined, the risk of dragging children into crime can be detected before they are involved in crime and delinq...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110118
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor cells have an absence or deficiency of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Superoxide is produced when hematoporphyrin derivative is exposed to visible light. A significant portion of the antitumor effect of porphyrin:light therapy is hypothesized to be mediated by superoxide. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(81)90116-x
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional, excessive-possibly temporary-deficiencies of the trace element zinc can change immune functions prematurely from predominantly cellular Th1 responses to humoral Th2 responses. T helper (Th1) cells produce cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma, thereby controlling viral infections and ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90244-9
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by the sudden urge to sleep. The biochemical etiology of this disorder is believed to be due to dopamine abnormalities. Since the precursor of dopamine is L-tyrosine, the administration of this amino acid may prove beneficial in the treatment of narcolepsy. Preliminary research a...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90141-z
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The levator ani muscles in women are overloaded by constant supporting abdominal contents, and counteracting rises of abdominal pressure at the level of the urethra. The excessive load leads to a decrease in their type II fibers. This results in stress urinary incontinence due to loss of the fibers responsible for add...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90225-f
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the early postnatal period, intraventricular hemorrhage may develop in infants with extremely low birth weights due to hemodynamic instability. One of the most significant factors in intraventricular hemorrhage development is fluctuations in the cerebral blood flow due to left-to-right shunting as a result of paten...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.013
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The essential trace element selenium is known to be capable of reducing the toxicity of heavy metals like cadmium(II), mercury(II) and silver(I). One mechanism by which this occurs is through the formation of an inert metal selenide like silver selenide. It is not clear why selenide should react in the body preferenti...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90107-1
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herein it is hypothesized that M2-like macrophages or pre-macrophages of fetal origin might play a central role in development and closure of the neural tube. Early in embryonic development, pre-macrophages arise from the fetal yolk sac and track through the bloodstream to reach diverse embryonic tissues, where they m...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109264
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia, if not the most difficult, is one of the most difficult mysterious puzzles for psychiatrists, psychologists, and neuroscientists to solve. In this paper, based on the previously known pathologies of schizophrenia, a new model is proposed for explanation of the formation of positive psychotic symptoms of...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.03.054
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocytes of the CD8 phenotype play an important role in controlling viral burden in HIV-1 infection. Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) can kill HIV-infected cells and in addition, are able to secrete a soluble factor that inhibits HIV replication. In most cases, HIV-infected individuals experience an unexplained C...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(94)90093-0
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both, hamstring and ACL injuries are among the most typical injuries, particularly in change of direction and high speed running sports. They're also difficult to treat. Therefore, in the past few years, sports medicine practitioners and exercise scientists have mainly been focusing on the development and implementati...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.002
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A review of the literature shows that x-ray induced lung adenomas in mice, breast adenomas in rats and thyroid adenomas in rats show the same approximate dependence for number of tumors vs dose. It is hypothesized that these benign tumors are due to cell proliferation. The controls of the G1 stage of the cell cycle ha...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(83)90049-x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In 2006, a neurotrophic hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis of MetS was launched. This hypothes...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.018
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they show higher beta-glucuronidase activity and lower pH of their cytoplasm. Anti-cancer drugs can be designed which take advantage of these gradients to deliver maximal toxicity to tumors and minimal toxicity to normal tissue. Many design criteria are suggested here...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90035-3
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ample intakes of fruit and vegetables have been linked epidemiologically with reduced risk for coronary disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, many types of cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and various ocular disorders. The favorable impact of diets rich in fruit and vegetables on coronary risk has be...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.058
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary congestion is a hallmark feature of heart failure and is a major reason for hospital admissions in this patient population. Heart failure patients often demonstrate restrictive and obstructive pulmonary function abnormalities; however, the mechanisms of these changes remain controversial. It has been suggest...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.03.033
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that affects approximately 6-10% of the female population impairing the quality of life of patients. Several pathophysiologic pathways have been proposed as potential regulators of its severity; however, to date, the processes that trigger the onset and that influence t...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109414
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent paper it was argued that all stem cells are small motile cells, the haemopoietic stem cell being no exception. Although haemopoietic stem cells arise and mature in an extravascular milieu, they are present in small numbers in the peripheral circulation, where they have a lymphocyte-like appearance, and in ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(94)90144-9
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities (CINAC) continues to attract controversy in the scientific community. It was previously known as Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) and is not associated with the common aetiological factors such as diabetes. There is general acceptance that it ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110414
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers which has very low response rate and survival rate. Melanoma cells are known to be inherently resistant to the chemotherapy which results in poor outcomes and even failure of the therapy. For this reason, a better understanding of underlying mechanism of melanoma pathogen...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.002
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The three events, viz. schizophrenia, dissociative anaesthesia and Near-Death Experience, despite their seemingly unrelated manifestation to each other, have nevertheless similar functional basis. All three events are linked to the glutamate sensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, which serves as their...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00307-4
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare form of neuropathic pain that results in sudden, unilateral and recurrent pains in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The aetiology of TN remains unclear and several theories have been proposed. Many medical and surgical methods have been applied with ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.010
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reluctance of physicians to get involved with child abuse can be attributed to the problem of role conflict. Physicians derive their social authority from the Aesculapian tradition. This form of social authority is fragile and easily subverted, yet of utmost importance if physicians are to retain their effectivene...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90028-7
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism by which polyglutamine expansions in several proteins lead to neurodegenerative disorders remains largely unknown. The biochemical properties of polyglutamine repeats suggest one possible explanation; endolytic cleavage at a glutaminyl-glutaminyl bond followed by pyroglutamate formation may contribute to...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0866
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural objects, live and inanimate, actively maintain their entities by using their capacities (i.e., properties, internal resources, mechanisms, and experience) adequately to their needs. It is suggested that the principle of adequate function is a law of nature. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(86)90078-2
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fissured tongue (FT) is a condition frequently seen in the general population. Clinically, FT is characterized by grooves that vary in depth and are noted along the dorsal and/or dorsolateral aspects of the tongue. Furthermore, FT presents many enlarged, smooth filiform papillae and subepithelial inflammatory infiltra...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.010
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitogenic action of the estrogen-receptor complex is supposedly similar in both normal and malignant target tissues. As receptors are present in several types of non-target tissues, in the case of lesions at the nuclear acceptor sites, the complex in those might be able to cause successive mitoses. Estrogen-depend...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(79)90044-6
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
