Visualization for constructing and sharing geo-scientific concepts.

abstract：:Mussels adhere to a variety of surfaces by depositing a highly specific ensemble of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (DOPA) containing proteins. The adhesive properties of Mytilus edulis foot proteins mfp-1 and mfp-3 were directly measured at the nano-scale by using a surface forces apparatus (SFA). An adhesion energy of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin Q,Gourdon D,Sun C,Holten-Andersen N,Anderson TH,Waite JH,Israelachvili JN

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The rugged folding-energy landscapes of RNAs often display many competing minima. How do RNAs discriminate among competing conformations in their search for the native state? By using optical tweezers, we show that the folding-energy landscape can be manipulated to control the fate of an RNA: individual RNA molecules ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li PT,Bustamante C,Tinoco I Jr

更新日期：2007-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Most small multicopy antibiotic-resistance plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus contain a major axis of hyphenated dyad symmetry (palA) that is required for normal replication and stability, although located outside of the minimal replicon. Rearrangements affecting palA cause plasmid instability, a marked reduction in co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gruss AD,Ross HF,Novick RP

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of COX-2 increase heart failure and elevate blood pressure. The COX-2 gene was floxed and crossed into merCremer mice under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter. Tamoxifen induced selective deletion of COX-2 in cardiomyocytes depressed cardiac output, and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang D,Patel VV,Ricciotti E,Zhou R,Levin MD,Gao E,Yu Z,Ferrari VA,Lu MM,Xu J,Zhang H,Hui Y,Cheng Y,Petrenko N,Yu Y,FitzGerald GA

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA hybridization was used to compare representatives of the major groups of marsupials and a eutherian outgroup. Because of the large genetic distances separating marsupial families, trees were calculated from normalized percentages of hybridization; thermal-melting statistics, however, gave identical topologies for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirsch JA,Dickerman AW,Reig OA,Springer MS

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of antiviral beta-chemokines has joined cytolysis as a potential mechanism for the control of HIV-1 infection by CD8(+) T cells. Recent evidence suggests that these two effector functions can diverge in some individuals infected with HIV-1; however, little is known about the CD8(+) T cell subsets in norm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamin-Lewis R,Abdelwahab SF,Trang C,Baker A,DeVico AL,Gallo RC,Lewis GK

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells (line A10, ATCC CRL 1476) display a high density of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptors. ANF stimulated the accumulation of cGMP in these cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. These cells are known to display a high density of vasopressin receptors of the vascular V...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nambi P,Whitman M,Gessner G,Aiyar N,Crooke ST

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection of mammalian cells in progressively increasing concentrations of methotrexate results in selective amplification of DNA sequences coding for dihydrofolate reductase (tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3). In some cell variants the amplified genes are stabl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaufman RJ,Brown PC,Schimke RT

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian thalamus is a critical site where early perception of sensorimotor signals is dynamically regulated by acetylcholine in a behavioral state-dependent manner. In this study, we examined how synaptic transmission is modulated by acetylcholine in auditory thalamus where sensory relay neurons form parallel lemnis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mooney DM,Zhang L,Basile C,Senatorov VV,Ngsee J,Omar A,Hu B

更新日期：2004-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a procedure for predicting the tertiary folds of alpha-helical proteins from their primary sequences. The central component of the procedure is a method for predicting interhelical contacts that is based on a helix-packing model. Instead of predicting the individual contacts, our method attempts to identif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang C,Hou J,Kim SH

更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Degradable polymers are beginning to play an increasing role as materials for environmental and medical applications. Understanding factors that control erosion, such as bond cleavage and the dissolution and diffusion of degradation products, will be critical to the future development of these materials. Erosion kinet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamada JA,Langer R

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombospondin, a 450-kDa multinodular glycoprotein with lectin-type activity, is found in human platelets, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, and granular pneumocytes. Thrombospondin interacts with heparin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and plasminogen. R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asch AS,Leung LL,Shapiro J,Nachman RL

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is a genetic technique for mosaic analysis in model organisms. The general application of this technique in the mouse depends on establishment of effective recombination systems for individual chromosomes and reliable and sensitive methods for detection of recombina...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun L,Wu X,Han M,Xu T,Zhuang Y

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat brain increases >6x in mass from birth to adulthood, presumably through the addition of glial cells and increasing neuronal size, without the addition of neurons. To test this hypothesis, here we investigate quantitatively the postnatal changes in the total number of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the deve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bandeira F,Lent R,Herculano-Houzel S

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been determined by microsequencing techniques. Proof of the structure involved a series of nonoverlapping tryptic fragments for primary identification of 86% of the amino acids. Complementary fragments gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scott JD,Fischer EH,Takio K,Demaille JG,Krebs EG

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This perspective addresses recent advances in lipid transport across the Gram-negative inner and outer membranes. While we include a summary of previously existing literature regarding this topic, we focus on the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) pathway. Discovered in 2009 by the Silhavy group [J. C. Malinverni, T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Powers MJ,Trent MS

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The pH gradient (delta pH) across the membrane of bovine neurohypophysial granules was estimated by using the [14C]methylamine partition technique. The granule membrane showed high permeability to sugars such as sucrose or sorbitol and to cations. Granules suspended in sucrose medium showed an acidic internal delta pH...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scherman D,Nordmann JJ

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uniparentally inherited mutations to antibiotic resistance and dependence in Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibit an altered chloroplast ribosome phenotype. Genetic studies demonstrate an absolute correlation between the drug resistance or dependence and the ribosome phenotype in two such mutants. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gillham NW,Boynton JE,Burkholder B

更新日期：1970-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pore-forming peptide amoebapore is considered part of the cytolytic armament of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Amoebapore is composed of 77 amino acid residues arranged in four alpha-helical domains. For structure-function analysis, synthetic peptides were constructed corresponding to these four domains: H1 (re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leippe M,Andrä J,Müller-Eberhard HJ

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay has been developed for monitoring Bacillus anthracis lethal factor (LF) protease activity. A fluorogenic 16-mer peptide based on the known LF protease substrate MEK1 was synthesized and found to be cleaved by the enzyme at the anticipated site. Extension of this work to a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummings RT,Salowe SP,Cunningham BR,Wiltsie J,Park YW,Sonatore LM,Wisniewski D,Douglas CM,Hermes JD,Scolnick EM

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly productive coastal Mediterranean fishery off the Nile River delta collapsed after the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1965. But the fishery has been recovering dramatically since the mid-1980s, coincident with large increases in fertilizer application and sewage discharge in Egypt. We use stable isotope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oczkowski AJ,Nixon SW,Granger SL,El-Sayed AF,McKinney RA

更新日期：2009-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:F1-ATPase, the catalytic domain of ATP synthase, synthesizes most of the ATP in living organisms. Running in reverse powered by ATP hydrolysis, this hexameric ring-shaped molecular motor formed by three αβ-dimers creates torque on its central γ-subunit. This reverse operation enables detailed explorations of the mecha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okazaki K,Hummer G

更新日期：2013-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude extracts of E. coli yields a soluble enzyme fraction (about 25-fold purification) that catalyzes the conversion of phiX174 single-stranded DNA to duplex DNA. The reaction is rifampicin-resistant, requires single-stranded DNA, Mg++, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and ATP, and is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schuster H,Mikolajczyk M,Rohrschneider J,Geschke B

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that most papillomaviruses enter the host cell via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis but have not addressed later steps in viral entry. To examine these events, we followed the localization of L2 and packaged DNA after entry of infectious virions or L1/L2 pseudovirions. C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Day PM,Baker CC,Lowy DR,Schiller JT

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:How pathogenic cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop remains poorly understood. We used Nur77-a marker of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling-to identify antigen-activated CD4 T cells in the SKG mouse model of autoimmune arthritis and in patients with RA. Using a fluoresce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ashouri JF,Hsu LY,Yu S,Rychkov D,Chen Y,Cheng DA,Sirota M,Hansen E,Lattanza L,Zikherman J,Weiss A

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphism may play an important role in speciation because new species could originate from the distinctive morphs observed in polymorphic populations. However, much remains to be understood about the process by which morphs found new species. To detail the steps of this mode of speciation, we studied the geographi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Corl A,Davis AR,Kuchta SR,Sinervo B

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:OLE (ornate, large, extremophilic) RNAs comprise a class of structured noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) found in many extremophilic bacteria species. OLE RNAs constitute one of the longest and most widespread bacterial ncRNA classes whose major biochemical function remains unknown. In the Gram-positive alkaliphile Bacillus hal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harris KA,Zhou Z,Peters ML,Wilkins SG,Breaker RR

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular proteolytic processing of precursor polypeptides is an essential step in the maturation of many proteins, including plasma proteins, hormones, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Most frequently, propeptide cleavage occurs after paired basic amino acid residues. To date, no mammalian propeptide processing...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wise RJ,Barr PJ,Wong PA,Kiefer MC,Brake AJ,Kaufman RJ

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small, single-module proteins that fold in a single cooperative step may be paradigms for understanding early events in protein-folding pathways generally. Recent experimental studies of the 64-residue chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) support a nucleation mechanism for folding, as do some computer stimulations. CI2 has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fersht AR

更新日期：1995-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Using cell-based aptamer selection, we have developed a strategy to use the differences at the molecular level between any two types of cells for the identification of molecular signatures on the surface of targeted cells. A group of aptamers have been generated for the specific recognition of leukemia cells. The sele...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shangguan D,Li Y,Tang Z,Cao ZC,Chen HW,Mallikaratchy P,Sefah K,Yang CJ,Tan W

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00