Abstract：
:Brain-damaged patients may extinguish contralesional stimuli when ipsilesional stimuli are presented simultaneously. Most theories of extinction postulate that stimuli compete for pathologically limited attentional resources with a bias to process ipsilesional over contralesional stimuli. Implicit in this view is the idea that responses follow the outcome of an earlier competition between inputs. In the current study of two patients, we used signal detection analyses to test the hypothesis that response criteria and response modalities also contribute to visual awareness. We found that identification was more sensitive than detection in uncovering deficits of contralesional awareness. Extinction was worse with bilateral stimuli when the ipsilesional stimulus was identical or similar to the target than when it was dissimilar. This diminished awareness was more likely to reflect a shift towards more conservative responses rather than diminished discrimination of contralesional stimuli. By contrast, one patient was better able to discriminate contralesional stimuli when using his contralesional limb to indicate awareness of targets than when using his ipsilesional limb. These data indicate that the nature of stimuli can modulate response criteria and the motor response can affect the sensory discriminability. Sensory discrimination and response output are not organized in a simple serial manner. Rather, input and output parameters interact in complicated ways to produce visual awareness. Visual awareness itself appears to be the outcome of two bottlenecks in processing, one having to do with sensory processing that may be covert and the other having to do with decision making, which by definition is overt. Finally, we advocate the use of signal detection analyses in studies of extinction, a method that has been surprisingly neglected in this line of research.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Ricci R,Chatterjee Adoi
10.1007/s00221-003-1823-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
85-93issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
157pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present experiment assessed the locomotor response to a low dose (1 mg/kg) of systemic D-amphetamine in rats with cytotoxic lesions of the retrohippocampus (entorhinal and extra-subicular cortices), compared with vehicle-operated shams and unoperated controls. Under spontaneous and saline conditions, both the sham...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00241131
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the simple-spike activity of Purkinje cells (P cells) in the ventral paraflocculus (VPFL) of behaving monkeys in association with movements of the visual scene that evoke short-latency ocular following responses. One group of P cells discharged maximally for downward motion, and the other for motion toward...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228385
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation represents a first study dealing with the dimorphic differences of the main alpha-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptors in the brain of two distantly related mammals (hedgehog and rat). The labeling of these receptors in the presence of zolpidem (highly selective benzodiazepine agon...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002219900246
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces cortical excitability changes in animals and humans that can last beyond the duration of stimulation. Preliminary evidence suggests that tDCS may have an analgesic effect; however, the timing of these effects, especially when associated with consecutive sessions o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3149-x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the role of gravitational cues in the learning of a dynamic balancing task, we placed blindfolded subjects in a device programmed with inverted pendulum dynamics about the yaw axis. Subjects used a joystick to try and maintain a stable orientation at the direction of balance during 20 100 s-long trials....
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5216-4
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The climbing fibres to the x and lateral c1 zones of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum arise as branches of common stem olivary axons. Anatomical studies have shown that the c1 zone receives its climbing fibres from the dorsal accessory olive (DAO). It has, therefore, been assumed that the x-zone also receives its c...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235868
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as it is the precursor of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides accumulating in amyloid plaques. The processing of APP and the pathogenic features of especially Aβ oligomers have been analyzed in detail. Remarkably, there is accumulating evi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2878-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the abundant experimental evidence for the irregular, multipeaked velocity profiles that often characterize rapid human limb movements, there is currently little agreement on how to interpret these phenomena. While in some studies these irregularities have been interpreted as reflecting a continuous control pr...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2264-3
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The thalamic projections to the cortical area surrounding the anterior (ASs) and middle (MSs) suprasylvian sulci in the cat were studied using horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. The medial MSs area (medial wall of the MsS) receives thalamic afferents from the pulvinar-lateralis posterior (Pul-LP) complex, posterio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235763
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized that the steady-state response to a periodic sequence of clicks can be modeled as the superposition of responses to single clicks. Here, this hypothesis is challenged by presenting an extra click halfway between two consecutive clicks of a regular series, while measuring the auditory evoked fi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4260-6
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that geniculate X cells are the neural substrate of psychophysically identified pattern channels and that geniculate Y cells are the neural substrate of psychophysically identified flicker channels. The hypothesis was tested by measuring the relative sensitivity of isolated X and Y cells in th...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00240505
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinali...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00250567
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present article a number of comparative lesion studies in two inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6 and DBA/2) with different levels of radial maze performance are reviewed. The effects of lesions in several brain areas on maze learning were investigated, thus revealing strain differences in the neural circuitry subs...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002210050542
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used in three experiments to measure the properties of long-latency intracortical inhibition (LICI) acting on the relaxed first dorsal interosseus muscle of the left and right hand in right-handed volunteers. The experiments show that LICI is asymmetrical: it emerges ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0349-2
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of eye movements depends in part on subcortical motor centres. Gaze is often directed towards salient visual stimuli of our environment with no conscious voluntary commands. To further understand to what extent preprogrammed eye movements can be triggered subcortically, we carried out a study in normal vol...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0659-4
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single unit activity was recorded in the striate cortex of vision-deprived cats aged between 3 and 8 weeks. Contrast sensitivity or response measurements made using moving sinusoidal gratings were used to construct spatial frequency tuning curves. At 3 weeks sensitivity, selectivity (assessed both as the narrowness of...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235273
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unitary discharges of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were analyzed in anesthetized and paralyzed rats after inactivation of visual cortical areas (VC) by cryoblockade or by depositing a cotton wick soaked in KCl (3 M). The receptive fields were mapped prior to and following the interruption of the cortico-genicu...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238152
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reinforcement learning hypothesis of dopamine function predicts that dopamine acts as a teaching signal by governing synaptic plasticity in the striatum. Induced changes in synaptic strength enable the cortico-striatal network to learn a mapping between situations and actions that lead to a reward. A review of the...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2060-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248749
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal goal of our study is to gain an insight into the representation of peripersonal space. Two different experiments were conducted in this study. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to represent principal anatomical reference planes by drawing ellipses in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0121-z
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors, p140Trk (TrkA) and p75LNGFR (LNGFR), in different brain regions of adult (3-month-old) and aged (27-month-old) Wistar rats. The brain regions studied were hippocampus (dentate gyrus, CA3 regio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005629
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of S1 (first somatosensory area) and S2 (second somatosensory area) neurons projecting to the contralateral S2 was studied with horseradish peroxidase in normal adult cats and in cats aged between 129 and 248 days in which the injected S2 area had been deprived of some of its input by an earlier lesio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235729
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuronal responsiveness to three-dimensional (3D) motion in cat posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortex was studied using a computer-controlled, stereoscopic 3D graphic display capable of reproducing the major visual cues for natural 3D motion, including motion disparity, size, texture, and shading change...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050509
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the potential contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms to the depression of reflex excitability which occurs immediately after a voluntary release from tonic muscle contraction. The excitability of the Soleus (Sol) motor pool was tested at rest and after voluntary muscle relaxation. In both cases the Sol H-r...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230904
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotional memory consolidation has been associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and recent evidence suggests that increased electroencephalogram spectral power in the theta (4-8 Hz) frequency range indexes this activity. REM sleep has been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as in emotio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-3857-5
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pattern of gamma-efferent innervation of the muscle spindle was investigated in the peroneus tertius muscle of the cat. A number of spindle group Ia afferents were isolated and monitored during tetanic stimulation of isolated gamma-axons. The sample was dominated by efferents producing a static fusimotor effect on...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236812
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cats anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, the effect of inhibitors of the in vitro cellular uptake of GABA were tested on the responses of single central neurones to GABA and other depressant amino acids. (4)- AND (-)-nepecotic acid, (4)-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA) and 2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine, enhanced the actio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00241731
更新日期：1976-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The memory for the final position of a moving object which suddenly disappears has been found to be displaced forward, in the direction of motion, and downwards, in the direction of gravity. These phenomena were coined, respectively, Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity. Although both these and simil...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4654-0
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 3-day incremental protocol was conducted with the aim of adapting human subjects to make head movements comfortably during 30 RPM centrifugation. With motion sickness as a potentially limiting factor, the protocol was designed using a quantitative motion sickness model based upon the neural mismatch sensory conflict...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1415-8
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Intracellular recordings were made from 220 Phrenic Motoneurons (PM) in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats, deafferented from C3 to C7, in order to look for somatic events related to the Recurrent Responses (RR) evoked in PM axons by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve. RR appear sporadically at a ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248286
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
