Radiation risks and dirty bombs.

abstract：:This study was motivated by the efforts to evaluate radiation risk for leukemia incidence in the Techa River cohort, where the main bone marrow dose contributors were Sr (bone-seeking beta emitters). Energy deposition in bone marrow targets was evaluated by simulating radiation particle transport using computational p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Shishkina EA,Timofeev YS,Volchkova AY,Sharagin PA,Zalyapin VI,Degteva MO,Smith MA,Napier BA

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 193 cases autopsied between 1945 and 1980, all persons who had been intravascularly injected with Thorotrast in life, the authors found 131 malignant hepatic tumors, 20 liver cirrhoses, 6 myeloid leukemias, 4 erythroleukemias, 5 aplastic anemias, 4 lung cancers, 1 mesothelioma and 1 osteosarcoma. The causes of deat...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Mori T,Kato Y,Aoki N,Hatakeyama S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It seems obvious that if a significant increase in occupancy occurs in the immediate vicinity of any radiation room a reexamination of the adequacy of the shielding should be performed. We discuss a facility where a new building was constructed in close proximity to an existing medical linear accelerator and no consid...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Barish RJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The photon interaction parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z eff) and effective electron density (N el) must be identical for the phantom material and their tissue. In the present study, the μ/ρ, Z eff, and N el for muscle, breast, lung tissue have been computed, and their s...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Manjunatha HC

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The method presented provides an alternative to the shadow shield method for experimentally measuring the contribution due to scattering radiation in a calibration range. Scattering of 0.6616 MeV photons from a Cs irradiator in a calibration range does not only occur due to the walls and floor of the range. It also oc...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Rowan MS,Blue TE,Lahti E,Talnagi J,Herminghuysen K,Petrie CM

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of 226Ra-activated markings was specific for military equipment some decades ago and the extent of possible internal exposure of former military personnel due to ingestion of 226Ra is an issue of discussion. Whole- or partial-body counts are not sensitive enough to trace an overexposure due to a possible 226Ra...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Schirmer A

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two motivations for studying radiation risk are (1) to quantify the magnitude of risk as an aid to setting radiation protection standards and (2) to understand causality as an aid to assigning compensation for radiation exposed individuals whose disease or death may have been related to radiation exposure. Although it...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cologne J,Cullings H,Furukawa K,Ross P

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The (90)Sr and (137)Cs activities of soil, plant, and milk samples from the village of Dolon, located close to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan, were determined. The areal deposition at the nine sampling sites is in the range of <500 to 6,100 Bq m(-2) and 300 to 7,900 Bq m-2 for (90)Sr and (137)Cs, re...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Gastberger M,Steinhäusler F,Gerzabek MH,Hubmer A,Lettner H

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of silicon photodiodes for field radon measurements requires the utilization of measuring cells for protection against environmental electromagnetic fields. It is very important to study and optimize the impact of geometry conditions (dimensions of the measuring cell) on the photodiode detection efficiency tha...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Voytchev M,Klein D,Voytchev K

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to present data gathered in the evaluation of the BD-100R neutron bubble dosimeter done at the University of Maryland and the Naval Research Lab. The performance of 12 dosimeters has been followed over 15 exposure-recharge cycles under a wide range of exposure conditions. Included in this ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Millett M,Munno F,Ebert D,Nelson M

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fractal analysis is introduced in the field of environmental health physics. In particular, it is applied to the complex and inhomogeneous deposition pattern of radioactivity after the Chernobyl accident. The patchiness of 137Cs hot spots is quantified by a fractal dimension as low as 1. The problem of finding hot spo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Raes F,De Cort M,Graziani G

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the transfers of 137Cs and 60Co in a retention pond, with emphasis on aquatic insects and (2) to determine if detectable concentrations of these radionuclides are exported by emerging aquatic insects. We analyzed the radionuclide concentrations in the following compo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Voshell JR Jr,Eldridge JS,Oakes TW

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiopharmaceutical therapy involves the use of radionuclides that are either conjugated to tumor-targeting agents (e.g., nanoscale constructs, antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) or that concentrate in tumors through natural physiological mechanisms that occur predominantly in neoplastic cells. In the latter c...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Sgouros G

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this work was to evaluate the reproductive toxicological effects of uranium (U) at 2.5, 5, and 10 mgU/kg/d chronically administered in drinking water for 40 d. Swiss female control mice (n = 28) and mice chronically contaminated with uranyl nitrate in drinking water (n = 36) were tested. The number and qual...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kundt MS,Martinez-Taibo C,Muhlmann MC,Furnari JC

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sources of outdoor and indoor atmospheric radon are examined. The variation of outdoor atmospheric radon with time of day, time of year, altitude and geographic location is quantitatively assessed. Average values of outdoor atmospheric radon concentrations are examined and it is estimated that the mean value for n...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Gesell TF

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calculation of radiation dose estimates to the fetus is often important in nuclear medicine. To obtain the best estimates of radiation dose to the fetus, the best biological and physical models should be employed. In this paper the most recent data available on the placental crossover of many radiopharmaceuticals ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Russell JR,Stabin MG,Sparks RB

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been designed to accommodate some challenging radiological conditions. The high prompt neutron source (up to 1.6 × 10(19) neutrons per shot) results in the need for significant fixed shielding. Concrete shielding approximately 2 m thick is used for the primary (target bay) shie...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kohut TR,Brereton SJ,Khater H

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, regulatory emphasis on the prevention of loss, theft and intentional misuse of radioactive materials at academic institutions has forced radiation safety personnel to devote increasing amounts of time and effort to address security issues. NRC regulations require that radioactive materials used or sto...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Farley DV,Normandin RD,Martz MD,Langhorst SM

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ABSTRACT A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Barroso J,Roberts S

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Panasonic UD-801 thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLDs ) containing two calcium sulfate phosphors were tested under Performance Specification 3.1 established by the American National Standard Institute ( ANSI75 ) and in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.13 ( NRC77 ). The specific qualifying tes...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Toke LF,Carson BH,Baker GG,McBride MH,Plato PA,Miklos JA

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal absorption of strontium from an oral test dose was studied in 13 healthy human volunteers using double tracer techniques with two stable strontium isotopes as tracers. Defined amounts of one isotope were administered orally, while tracer amounts of the second isotope were injected intravenously. Two differe...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Höllriegl V,Li WB,Oeh U,Roth P

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) mutations has been determined in the peripheral T-lymphocytes of 18 workers at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing installation with cumulative recorded radiation doses of about 500 mSv or more in comparison with a matched control group of 18 worke...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cole J,Arlett CF,Green MH,Holdsworth D,Tawn EJ,Bridges BA

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Commission on Radiological Protection system of radiological protection is based on three pillars: science, ethical and social values, and experience. As far as ethics and the protection of humans are concerned, the system combines the values of beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice, and dig...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lochard J

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cameco lung counter has been recalibrated using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory torso phantom using an extended lung set (i.e., longer than the original set). The previous calibration had used the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute torso phantom. The new calibration had lower counting efficiencie...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kramer GH,Hauck B,Allen SA

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessing risk from manmade and naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment has long been of primary interest in radiation protection. Early investigations and decisions relied on direct measurements of radiation in environmental media; however, these techniques were inadequate for determining exposure to hum...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Till JE

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation dose calculations in nuclear medicine depend on quantification of activity via planar and/or tomographic imaging methods. However, both methods have inherent limitations, and the accuracy of activity estimates varies with object size, background levels, and other variables. The goal of this study was to eval...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Pereira JM,Stabin MG,Lima FR,Guimarães MI,Forrester JW

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In conventional radiation-therapy facilities, radiation doses to medical personnel originate from the leakage radiation of 60Co teletherapy systems or from photoneutrons produced during the operation of x-ray generators at energies over 10 MeV in unsuitably shielded therapy rooms. In neutron-therapy facilities, during...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Rosenberg I,Awschalom M,Ten Haken RK,Bennett BR

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of a spallation neutron source with a mercury target will lead to the production of rare radionuclides. The dose coefficients for many of these radionuclides have not yet been published. A collaboration of universities and national labs has taken on the task of calculating dose coefficients for the rar...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Arndt A,Shanahan J,Gold C,Brey R,Gesell T,Patton P,Rudin M,Eckerman K,Rusetski V,Pagava S

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The terrestrial gamma radiation level was determined throughout the Sultanate of Oman over a 3-y period. The dose rate at 1 m above the ground was measured at 512 locations using a compensated Geiger-Miller detector. The activity concentration of soil/rock samples, collected from 112 locations, was determined by gamma...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Goddard CC

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Human Monitoring Laboratory has replaced its lung counting system with four large area (85 mm x 30 mm) HPGe detectors, electronics, and software. The system has been calibrated with the same lung set and phantom that was used to calibrate the Human Monitoring Laboratory's previous lung counting system and the Came...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kramer GH,Hauck BM

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00