Abstract:
:Epidemiologic principles and methods have been widely employed in clinical research. The purpose of this paper is to discuss basic epidemiological concepts applied to the investigation of the determinants of infant diseases. The theoretical framework outlines the hypothesis of the investigation. The design of the study is chosen accordingly. Exposure and outcome are defined, and the sampling criteria and the strategies for its implementation are specified. The researcher can be an observer (as in cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies) or can determine who will be exposed in the experimental studies (clinical trials). Cross-sectional study is the easiest one to conduct, since exposure and outcome are assessed simultaneously in a well-defined population. In a cohort study, a group of people is assembled according to the exposure and followed over time to detect who will develop the outcome. In a case-control study,people are selected based on disease status. Then, they are investigated about previous exposures which could be associated with the development of the disease. The investigator allocates the exposure and then follows the participants to assess the outcome in clinical trials. Contrasting with the experiment developed in laboratory, the subjects are human beings.
journal_name
J Pediatr (Rio J)journal_title
Jornal de pediatriaauthors
Fuchs SCdoi
10.2223/jped.742keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
132-8issue
3eissn
0021-7557issn
1678-4782journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the motor performance of premature neonates using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and to investigate the influence of birth weight on motor acquisition. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was carried out of a prospective cohort of 44 premature newborn infants with gestational ages from 32 to ...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.1741
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between postpartum depression and the occurrence of exclusive breastfeeding. METHOD:This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the states of the Northeast region, during the vaccination campaign in 2010. The sample consisted of 2583 mother-child pairs, with children aged from...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2016.08.005
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article reviews the clinical and epidemiological aspects of anxiety disorders in youngsters, as well as current medical and psychological treatment strategies. The role of the neurobiological models possibly involved in the etiology of these disorders is also discussed. SOURCES OF DATA:MEDLINE search of...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2223/1166
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the characteristics of macrophage activation syndrome associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. DESCRIPTION:This is a retrospective study involving 462 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Seven (1.5%) of those patients suffered from systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and d...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:to determine the frequency, complications and seasonality at which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of the lower respiratory tract causes hospitalization in infants of age 1 year or less in 6 cities of Colombia. METHODS:one-year prospective multicentric observational study that included 717 patien...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.002
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify risk factors for neonatal mortality, focusing on factors related to assistance care during the prenatal period, childbirth, and maternal reproductive history. METHODS:This was a case-control study conducted in Maceió, Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 136 cases and 272 controls selecte...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association between the genetic polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene and the development of sepsis and septic shock in Thai pediatric patients and to investigate the clinical impacts of TNF-α polymorphisms in this population. METHODS:To perform this genetic associatio...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.2216
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE: The association between cryptosporidiosis and persistent diarrhea has been studied in many countries. The aim of this study was to verify the incidence of this parasite in children with persistent diarrhea. Children infected or not with protozoan cryptosporidium were compared in relation to laboratory and c...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.425
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE: Aiming a better understanding of the distribution of enteropathogens in Brazil, we have investigated the prevalence of enteropathogens in acute infantile diarrhea in children of low economic level from São José do Rio Preto, SP.METHODS: A prospective study with 196 children under age five, all with diarrhea...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.444
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of soy polysaccharide on fecal weight and humidity in growing rats in relation to cellulose and a Soy formula without dietary fiber. METHODS:Twelve, 21-day-old, Wistar male rats, were distributed into three groups and fed AIN-93G ration with varying amounts of dietary fiber: Polysacchar...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:to determine the prevalence of mouth breathing and to associate the history of breastfeeding with breathing patterns in children. METHODS:this was an observational study with 252 children of both genders, aged 30 to 48 months, who participated in a dental care program for mothers and newborns. As an instrume...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.12.011
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE: To study plasma levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 in order to distinguish the presence of bacterial infection in newborn infants with fever. METHODS: A cohort of 117 newborn infants with postnatal age equal to or less than 5 days, with no previous use of antibiotic therapy, and with clinical suspicion of bacteria...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.253
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in Native Brazilian children from 2 to 9 years old. METHODS:A search for ova and parasites was conducted in the stools of children between 2 to 9 years old living in six indigenous villages located in the Middle and Lower Xingu River, to wit: Pavuru, Moygu...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.2036
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe intubation procedures in two pediatric and two neonatal intensive care units in the city of Porto Alegre. METHODS:Cross-sectional study divided into a retrospective and a prospective phase. All intubations performed in these units during a 6-month period were considered. Data were collected by in...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients diagnosed at the Pediatric Oncology Unit at the Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) over a 9-year period, and also to describe their survival rates and possible associations between the surviv...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.1726
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate retinol concentration in colostrum samples collected with a 24 hour interval. METHOD:Colostrum was collected from 24 recently-delivered mothers at two points in time, 0 hours (T0) and 24 hours later (T24), and a pooled sample of colostrum from T0 and T24 was also analyzed. Fat content was determi...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.1646
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors interviewed 76.2% of the pediatricians from the Pediatric Department-School of Medical Sciences-Campinas University-UNICAMP, to analyse the difficulties of this professional group in the evaluation of the domestic violence against children. From the group of professionals, 86.7% had already attended a situ...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.798
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the peak inspiratory pressure and ventilation rate achieved by physicians when using a neonatal self-inflating bag on a lung model. METHODS:Fifteen physicians ventilated full term and preterm infant lung simulators while the outcomes were captured by a ventilation monitor. RESULTS:Median peak pr...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/JPED.1524
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:End-stage renal disease is a health problem that consumes public and private resources. This study aimed to identify the cost of hemodialysis (either daily or conventional hemodialysis) and transplantation in children and adolescents. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with End-sta...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.004
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agreement between the most used skinfold thickness equations with multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis in the prediction of body fat levels in children. METHOD:A cross-sectional study of healthy Brazilian community-dwelling individuals. The anthropometric ass...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2019.12.006
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To present a new branch of scientific knowledge, known as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), covering its concepts, study methods and ethical considerations in addition to the prospects for this area of knowledge. SOURCES:A non-systematic review of the biomedical literature intended to ...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2223/JPED.1728
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of the patients not resuscitated in a university affiliated pediatric hospital. To characterize the data registered in the chart regarding the resuscitation and evaluate ethical and legal aspects of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). METHODS: Retrospective study of 176 dea...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.89
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To guide the diagnostic and therapeutic management of severe forms of food allergy. DATA SOURCES:Search in the Medline database using the terms "severe food allergy," "anaphylaxis and food allergy," "generalized urticaria and food allergy," and "food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome" in the last ten y...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.021
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyze the quality of life of children with stomas according to the children and mothers' point of view; to compare the results related to quality of life in both groups, and to verify the statistical associations between those aspects and children's demographic and clinical data. METHODS:After fulfillin...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to identify the causes of congenital microcephaly in Rio Grande do Sul, a state in southern Brazil, where no ZIKV outbreak was detected, from December 2015 to December 2016, which was the period when ZIKV infection was at its peak in northeast Brazil. METHODS:This was a cross-sectio...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.05.013
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the incidence of diarrheal disease (DD) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children undergoing supplementation of zinc and other micronutrients through the use of sprinkles, as well as their acceptance by these patients. METHOD:This was a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of 143 heal...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jped.2012.11.004
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study epidemiological and clinical aspects of American visceral leishmaniasis in hospitalized children in Ceará, Brazil. METHODS:A retrospective and observational study was carried out with children suffering from American visceral leishmaniasis admitted to Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin in Fortaleza. Med...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to better understand the natural history of chronic functional constipation, a questionnaire was applied to 163 children and infants, before beginning standardized treatment. Median age (range) at start was 3 mo(0-108 mo) but age at arrival at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit was 53 mo(2-146 mo). In 62.4% ...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2223/jped.688
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the literature on the effects of parental divorce over the psychological maladjustment and physical health problems in children of divorced parents, thus contributing to the integration of existing scientific knowledge based on the biopsychosocial model of the impact of divorce on children's physica...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2223/JPED.1925
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in invasive pneumococcal diseases in the United States, and to analyze the potential impact of this vaccine in Brazil. SOURCES OF DATA:MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Database Reviews, as well as the websites of the Centers for Disease Control a...
journal_title:Jornal de pediatria
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2223/JPED.1475
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00