Abstract:
:Growth cones are essential for neuronal pathfinding during embryonic development and again after injury, when they aid in neuronal regeneration. This study was aimed at investigating the role of kinases in the earliest events in neuronal regeneration, namely, the formation of new growth cones from injured neuronal processes. Neurites of identified snail neurons grown in vitro were severed, and the formation of growth cones was observed from the ends of such transected processes. Under control conditions, all neurites formed a new growth cone within 45 min of transection. In contrast, growth cone formation in the presence of a general kinase inhibitor, K252a, was significantly inhibited. Moreover, decreasing the phosphorylation state of neurites by activating protein phosphatases with C2-ceramide also reduced growth cone formation. Pharmacological analysis with specific kinase inhibitors suggested that targets of protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinase (PTK) phosphorylation control growth cone formation. Inhibition of PKC with calphostin C and cerebroside completely blocked growth cone formation, whereas the inhibition of PTK with erbstatin analog significantly reduced growth cone formation. In contrast, inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase G, CaM-kinase II, myosin light-chain kinase, Rho kinase, and PI-3 kinase had little or no effect 45 min after transection. These results suggest that the transformation underlying the formation of a growth cone from an injured (transected) neurite stump is highly sensitive to the phosphorylation state of key target proteins. Therefore, injury-induced signaling events will determine the outcome of neuronal regeneration through their action on kinase and phosphatase activities.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Geddis MS,Rehder Vdoi
10.1002/jnr.10741keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-15 00:00:00pages
210-20issue
2eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Only a few proteins are known to be exclusively expressed in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. A novel surface membrane protein expressed only in CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes of higher vertebrates has been identified by a monoclonal antibody. This CNS myelin/oligodendrocyte-specific protein, MOSP, has a molecula...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490280418
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although both cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of clinical and histological EAE, their interactions in vivo have not yet been clearly established. To address this issue, we evaluated expression of chemokines and receptors in the CNS of wild-type control and cytokine deficient mice at t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10156
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal stress exerts long-lasting psychiatric and somatic on offspring, which persist into adulthood. However, the effect of maternal stress on the postnatal growth of pups has not been widely reported. In this study, we found that maternal immobilization stress (IS) during lactation resulted in low body weight of m...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22550
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incubation of murine thymocytes for 24 hr in the presence of cholinergic agonists induces selective proliferation of PNA- cells as measured by thymidine incorporation. The response of PNA- cells is mediated by the activation of nicotinic receptors. This conclusion is suggested by the inability of the muscarinic ag...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490240305
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen-day gestation fetal cerebral cortex homografts were transplanted into the thoracic (T6) spinal cord between the left dorsal column and dorsal horn of adult host rats. The transplants were soaked in 2.0 micrograms/ml of the lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) prior to implantation. Transplanted ho...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490170410
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal injury is often characterized by axonal transport defects and abnormal accumulation of intra-axonal components. Nitric oxide (NO) has a key role in mediating inflammatory axonopathy in many neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about how nitrosative/oxidative stress affects axonal transport or whether...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23556
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiglycolipid IgM antibodies are known to induce formation of "wide spaced" or "expanded" myelin, a distinctive form of dysmyelination characterized by a repeat period approximately two or three times normal, which is seen also in diseases, including multiple sclerosis. To determine whether an antibody directed again...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21914
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As aging population is increasing, new methodologies to apprehend and enhance the mechanisms related to optimal brain function in advancing age become urgent. This review describes how the combined use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides novel experimenta...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24514
更新日期:2019-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Topoisomerase IIβ (top IIβ) is a nuclear enzyme with an essential role in neural development. The regulation of top IIβ gene expression during neural differentiation is poorly understood. Functional analysis of top IIβ gene structure displayed a GC box sequence in its transcription promoter, which binds the nuclear tr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23403
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thrombospondin (TSP) family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins are widely expressed in the developing and adult central nervous system although their function remains poorly defined. We have used cell culture techniques to analyse the expression and function of TSPs in glial cells derived from myelinated region...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971015)50:2<202::AID-JNR
更新日期:1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::After left unilateral cochlear ablation (UCA) in young adult guinea pigs, the appearance of plasticities in auditory pathways suggested altered gene expression and modified phenotypic behaviors of auditory neurons. Because phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB-P) is a transcription factor th...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20820
更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cell death in many neurodegenerative diseases. Diminished activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), a key and arguably rate-limiting enzyme of the Krebs cycle, occurs in these disorders and may underlie decreased brain metabolism. The present st...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10756
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The interleukin (IL)-15-dependent immune responses of murine microglia were strongly affected by low concentrations of the ganglioside GD3. The ganglioside binding to IL-15 inhibited the proinflammatory effects of the cytokine, reducing IL-15-dependent T-cell proliferation as well as mRNA expression for IL-15Ralpha, p...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20777
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rodent model of Parkinson's disease, the 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treated mouse, was used to determine whether striatal dopamine levels recover following grafting adrenal medulla into the striatum. Four types of grafts were performed: 1) adult mouse adrenal medulla, 2) adult adrenal me...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490250303
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few diseases in clinical medicine cause as much diagnostic consternation as central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis because of its varying modes of presentation and frequently overlapping clinical and pathological features. There are no pathognomonic clinical or laboratory findings. The purpose of the present retrospe...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10180
更新日期:2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent but with significant ototoxic side effects. Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cochlear hair cell loss following exposure to an ototoxic level of cisplatin. The present study investigated the effects of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) ligand JWH-015 on cispla...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21168
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that a new monoclonal antibody, 4F2, which labels oligodendroglial lineage cells, recognizes a DEAD-box RNA helicase Ddx54 and that Ddx54 binds to myelin basic protein (MBP) in brain and cultured oligodendrocytes. To elucidate the biological function of Ddx54, we generated a recombinant adenovirus...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23162
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used adult mouse superior cervical ganglia (SCG) to study the role of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase activity during axonal outgrowth in vitro. An initial peak in activity within the first hours of culture was followed by a substantially higher activity after 1 to 2 days, a time when axons were activel...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980515)52:4<453::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, is released from hemoglobin after CNS hemorrhage and may contribute to injury to surrounding tissue. The heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferric iron. Although HO-2, the isoform expressed predominantly in neurons, accelera...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20681
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence indicates an immunosuppressive role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in autoimmune diseases. Although an impaired Treg function in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) has been reported recently, no information is available so far about Treg function in the pro...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20852
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many regions of the rat central nervous system, oligodendrocytes develop from migratory A2B5+ precursor cells. In the rat spinal cord, during early embryonic development the capacity for oligodendrogenesis appears to be restricted to ventral regions of the spinal cord, while cultures of postnatal rat spinal cord co...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490370208
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the mechanism underlying the regulation of claudin-5, a tight junction protein that participates primarily in the constitution of the blood-brain barrier by bradykinin (BK), we established a primary culture of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were treated with 10(-5) M BK, and ch...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23350
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of the prion protein is unknown despite suggestions it binds copper. Radioactive copper (Cu(67)) was used to demonstrate that histidine-dependent uptake of copper by cerebellar cells in culture is related to the level of PrP(c) expression. Copper is released by neurones at the synapse. Veratridine-induced...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male and female rodents respond differently to acute stress. We tested our hypothesis that this sex difference is based on differences in stress sensitivity of forebrain areas, by determining possible effects of a single acute psychogenic stressor (1-hr restraint stress) on neuronal gene expression (c-Fos and FosB imm...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22737
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, are potent regulators of oligodendrocyte development. Most of the IGF present in vivo is bound to members of a family of six high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which can either potentiate or inhibit IGF action, depending on other conditions. Additionally, serum ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971201)50:5<721::AID-JNR
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the mechanical wounding of 3-week-old cultured rat astrocytes results in cell proliferation and hypertrophy resembling astrocyte responses to a brain injury in vivo. We now report the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and an anti-bFGF antibody on astrocyte morphology, pr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490400310
更新日期:1995-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha subtype of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha) is present in nociceptive and parasympathetic regions of the adult rat spinal cord. The pattern of ERalpha expression in the rat spinal cord during development, however, is unknown. We used a polyclonal antibody (ER-21) to examine the expression of ERalpha in male r...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3<329::AID-JNR11>3.0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plexiform layer synaptic and photoreceptor cell components were investigated in retinas of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rats transplanted with normal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by immunocytochemistry using previously characterized monoclonal antibodies. In retinas of normal adult rats and RPE...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490360408
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it has been well established that the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protects the brain against the entry of cytotoxic drugs, its real in situ localization, i.e., at brain capillary endothelial cells or on astrocyte foot processes, is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the expre...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000601)60:5<594::AID-JNR
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regeneration of transected mouse sciatic nerves using semipermeable acrylic copolymer tubes to enclose both stumps has been qualitatively assessed from 1 to 30 weeks post-operative. Quantitative morphometric analysis of electron micrograph montages of complete transverse sections of the segment regenerated between...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490090309
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00