Abstract:
:Very little is known about the microbial composition of animal bedding wastes, including poultry litter, and what is known has been deduced from standard culture methods, by which some fastidious organisms that exist in the environment may not be detected. We evaluated the bacterial composition of poultry litter by using a combination of culture and molecular detection. Total aerobic bacteria in poultry litter were detected by culture at 10(9) CFU/g of material. Enteric bacteria such as Enterococcus spp. and coliforms composed 0.1 and 0.01%, respectively, of the total aerobic cultivatable bacteria in poultry litter; no Salmonella strains were detected by culture. In order to characterize the most abundant bacterial groups, we sequenced 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes amplified by PCR with microbial community DNA isolated from poultry litter as the template. From the 16S rDNA library, 31 genera were identified. Twelve families or groups were identified with lactobacilli and Salinococcus spp. forming the most abundant groups. In fact, 82% of the total sequences were identified as gram-positive bacteria with 62% of total belonging to low G+C gram-positive groups. In addition to detection of 16S rDNA sequences associated with the expected fecal bacteria present in manure, we detected many bacterial sequences for organisms, such as Globicatella sulfidofaciens, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Clostridium aminovalericum, Arthrobacter sp., and Denitrobacter permanens, that may be involved in the degradation of wood and cycling of nitrogen and sulfur. Several sequences were identified in the library for bacteria associated with disease in humans and poultry such as clostridia, staphylococci, and Bordetella spp. However, specific PCR targeting other human and veterinary pathogens did not detect the presence of Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Listeria spp., or toxigenic staphylococci. PCR and DNA hybridization revealed the presence of class 1 integrons with gene cassettes that specify resistance to aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol. Only from understanding the microbial community of animal wastes such as poultry litter can we manage animal disease and limit the impact of animal waste on the environment and human and animal health.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Lu J,Sanchez S,Hofacre C,Maurer JJ,Harmon BG,Lee MDdoi
10.1128/aem.69.2.901-908.2003keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
901-8issue
2eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Type III protein secretion systems play a key role in the virulence of many pathogenic proteobacteria, but they also occur in nonpathogenic, plant-associated bacteria. Certain type III protein secretion genes (e.g., hrcC) have been found in Pseudomonas sp. strain SBW25 (and other biocontrol pseudomonads), but other ty...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.9.5119-5131.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low levels of tetracyclines found as residues in milk inhibited the biosynthesis of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. To produce the same effect, other antibacterials had to occur in concentrations that were more than 10-fold higher. This relative selectivity was exploited for the development of a screening test...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.4116-4119.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tn5 insertion mutants of a soil isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, were selected for decreased ability to adhere to quartz sand in a column assay. Three adhesion-deficient mutants that differed in the location of the Tn5 insertion in the chromosome were isolated and compared with the wild-type strain. One mutant,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2637-2642.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationships between the hyphae of Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. Whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.5.1132-1137.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gut microbiota plays important roles in its host. However, how each microbiota member contributes to the behavior of the whole population is not known. In this study, we therefore determined protein expression in the cecal microbiota in chickens of selected ages and in 7-day-old chickens inoculated with different ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03473-15
更新日期:2015-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Motile phototrophic consortia are highly regular associations in which numerous cells of green sulfur bacteria surround a flagellated colorless beta-proteobacterium in the center. To date, seven different morphological types of such consortia have been described. In addition, two immotile associations involving green ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.8.4821-4830.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins that are produced for commercial purposes in Bacillus subtilis are commonly secreted via the Sec pathway. Despite its high secretion capacity, the secretion of heterologous proteins via the Sec pathway is often unsuccessful. Alternative secretion routes, like the Tat pathway, are therefore of interest. Two pa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01401-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are 15-carbon plant secondary metabolites exuded in the rhizosphere that hosts several flavonoid-degrading bacteria. We studied flavonoid catabolism in a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain of Pseudomonas by using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches. Transposants carrying mini-Tn5gf...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.1.143-151.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An NAD(P)H-nicotine blue (quinone) oxidoreductase was discovered as a member of the nicotine catabolic pathway of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. Transcriptional analysis and electromobility shift assays showed that the enzyme gene was expressed in a nicotine-dependent manner under the control of the transcriptional acti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02668-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During cold storage after milk collection, psychrotrophic bacterial populations dominate the microflora, and their extracellular enzymes, mainly proteases and lipases, contribute to the spoilage of dairy products. The diversity, dynamics, and enzymatic traits of culturable psychrotrophs in raw milk from four farms wer...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00866-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil microbial community characterization is increasingly being used to determine the responses of soils to stress and disturbances and to assess ecosystem sustainability. However, there is little experimental evidence to indicate that predictable patterns in microbial community structure or composition occur during s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00764-11
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::16S rRNA gene-targeted group-specific primers were designed and validated for specific detection and quantification of the Clostridium leptum subgroup and the Atopobium cluster. To monitor the predominant bacteria in human feces by real-time PCR, we used these specific primers together with four sets of group-specific...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.12.7220-7228.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subterranean clover plants possessing two equally infectible and robust lateral root systems ("split roots") were used in conjunction with several specific mutant strains (derived from Rhizobium trifolii ANU843) to investigate a systemic plant response induced by infective Rhizobium strains. This plant response contro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.7.1611-1619.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of recovery of atypical mycobacteria was estimated in two treatment plants providing drinking water to Paris, France, at some intermediate stages of treatment. The two plants use two different filtration processes, rapid and slow sand filtration. Our results suggest that slow sand filtration is more effi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.11.5318-5325.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of a group of marine bacteria that is numerically important in coastal seawater and sediments were characterized with respect to their ability to transform organic and inorganic sulfur compounds. Fifteen strains representing the Roseobacter group (a phylogenetic cluster of marine bacteria in the alpha-subclass...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3810-3819.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the complex microecology and microenvironment of dental plaque, novel caries prevention strategies require modulating the microbial communities ecologically and reducing the cariogenic properties effectively. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 reduced the lactic acid production and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis of ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00527-20
更新日期:2020-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Three Rhizobium japonicum strains and two slow-growing cowpea-type Rhizobium strains were found to remain viable and able to rapidly modulate their respective hosts after being stored in purified water at ambient temperatures for periods of 1 year and longer. Three fast-growing Rhizobium species did not remain viable ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.5.895-900.1984
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olavius crassitunicatus is a small symbiont-bearing worm that occurs at high abundance in oxygen-deficient sediments in the East Pacific Ocean. Using comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we examined the diversity and phylogeny of bacterial symbionts in two geographically dista...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1553-1561.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selenoprotein synthesis in Escherichia coli strictly depends on the presence of a specific selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) following the selenocysteine-encoding UGA codon of the respective mRNA. It is recognized by the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor SelB, leading to cotranslational insertion of se...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02238-07
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pure culture of an Agrobacterium sp. (deposited as ATCC 55002) that mineralizes the ferric chelate of EDTA (ferric-EDTA) was isolated by selective enrichment from a treatment facility receiving industrial waste containing ferric-EDTA. The isolate grew on ferric-EDTA as the sole carbon source at concentrations exceed...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.11.3346-3353.1990
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary sewage effluent and renovated water from four wells at the Flushing Meadows Wastewater Renovation Project near Phoenix, Arizona, in operation since 1967, were assayed approximately every 2 months in 1974 for viruses and enteric bacteria during flooding periods. No viruses of Salmonella sp. were detected in a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.32.3.333-338.1976
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterioplankton are fundamental components of marine ecosystems and influence the entire biosphere by contributing to the global biogeochemical cycles of key elements. Yet, there is a significant gap in knowledge about their diversity and specific activities, as well as environmental factors that shape their communit...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00494-17
更新日期:2017-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::A novel display system is described that allows highly efficient immobilization of heterologous proteins on bacterial surfaces in applications for which the use of genetically modified bacteria is less desirable. This system is based on nonliving and non-genetically modified gram-positive bacterial cells, designated g...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.880-889.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine enteroviruses belong to the family Picornaviridae. Little is known about their pathogenic potential; however, they cause asymptomatic infections in cattle and are excreted in feces. In the present study, viruses isolated from environmental samples were sequenced. According to phylogenetic analyses and standard ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00109-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact core tetraether membrane lipids of marine planktonic Crenarchaeota were quantified in water column-suspended particulate matter obtained from four depth intervals ( approximately 70, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) at seven stations in the northwestern Arabian Sea to investigate the distribution of the organisms at var...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.6.2997-3002.2002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth response of Acacia mangium Willd. to inoculation with selected Bradyrhizobium strains was investigated in two field trials in the Ivory Coast (West Africa). In the first trial (Anguededou), four provenances (i.e., trees originating from seeds harvested in different geographical areas) of A. mangium were ino...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.11.3974-3980.1994
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed, validated, and used to quantify predominant groups of anaerobic bacteria in human fecal samples. A set of two probes was specific for species of the Bacteroides fragilis group and the species Bacteroides distasonis. Two others were designed to detect species ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.9.3336-3345.1998
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Comamonas sp. strain JS46, 3-nitrobenzoate (3Nba) is initially oxidized at the 3,4 position by a dioxygenase, which results in release of nitrite and production of protocatechuate. The locus coding for the 3Nba dioxygenase (designated mnb, for m-nitrobenzoate) was mobilized from strain JS46 using a plasmid capture ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2651-2660.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been few reports on the epidemiological analysis of environmental Leptospira isolates. This is probably because the isolation of leptospires from the environment was usually unsuccessful due to the overgrowth of contaminants and the slow growth of Leptospira. In this study, we collected a total of 88 sample...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02728-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is a redox-active heavy metal that reacts with active thiols and depletes cellular antioxidants. Active resistance to the mercuric ion is a widely distributed trait among bacteria and results from the action of mercuric reductase (MerA). Protein phylogenetic analysis of MerA in bacteria indicated the occurrenc...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8836-8845.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00