Abstract:
:The dependence of the doses on solar activity for intermediate levels of the solar modulation parameter has been studied by means of simulations carried out by the Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA. The vertical cut-off rigidities investigated lie between 0.4 and 6.1 GV. The calculated results show that the linear dependence proposed in a previous work, for the effective dose rate as a function of the solar modulation parameter, can be considered as an acceptable approximation. In addition, some dosimetric characteristics of cosmic radiation and some properties of the dosemeters in use for monitoring in the cosmic ray environment have been analysed with a view to simplifying measurements. The depth-dose curves in the ICRU sphere and the response of a tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber have been determined by the FLUKA code for a number of cosmic ray spectra On the basis of the calculated results, it is concluded that a value of the depth. d, which would make the ambient dose equivalent a conservative predictor of the effective dose, cannot be specified for cosmic radiation. However, the operational quantity can be useful in order to verify the predictions of Monte Carlo calculations. It is demonstrated that a crude approximation of the ambient dose equivalent could be obtained by multiplying by 2 the absorbed dose measured by a tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber with wall thickness of 10 mm.
journal_name
Radiat Prot Dosimetryjournal_title
Radiation protection dosimetryauthors
Ferrari A,Pellicioni M,Rancati Tdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006099keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
305-14issue
4eissn
0144-8420issn
1742-3406journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by indivi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq499
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proton beams (62 Mev) are used by the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics to treat eye melanoma tumours at the therapeutic facility called CATANA. A cylindrical slim tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) of 2.7 mm external diameter has been used to compare the radiation qua...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch111
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A neutron spectrometry and dosimetry measurement system has been developed based on a different design of the divided regions for a sphere, with three position-sensitive counters. The characteristics of the measurement system have been investigated in the reference radiation fields of Am-Be and (252)Cf sources. When r...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl077
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of performance tests verifying the dosimetric properties of dosimetric systems are published in various reports (e.g. IAEA and EURADOS). However, there is hardly any information in the open literature relating to the uncertainty in a dose measurement or in the annual dose, which is increased by failure of the ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch287
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel neutron dose measurement method that flexibly responds to variations in the neutron field is being developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency. This is an implementation of the multi-detector method (first introduced in 1960s) for neutron dose evaluation using a convex hull in the response space defined for multip...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp134
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accreditation of the Competent Incorporation Measuring Body at Jülich includes incorporation monitoring by means of direct measurements of the body activity as well as by means of indirect determination of the body activity by radiochemical analysis of excreta samples. In both testing areas, it proved to be very u...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq360
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the International Action Plan on Radiation Protection of Patients and the International Commission on Radiological Protection have for some time carried out important efforts to assure that in the medical applications of the ionising radiations, the optimisation of...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nct069
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural radionuclide contents of 226Ra, 228Ra and (40)K were studied for inter-tidal sediments collected from selected locations off the745 km long Balochistan Coast using HPGe detector based gamma-spectrometry system. The sampling zone extends from the beaches of Sonmiani (near Karachi metropolis) through Jiwani (clo...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl105
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::238U, 234U and 235U were determined in tap water from municipal water pipes that drew their supply from surface water or ground water in various locations in Poland. Average activity concentrations of 238U, 234U and 235U in tap water from surface water were 9.6 +/- 7.1, 12.8 +/- 9.7 and 0.41 +/- 0.31 Bq m(-3), respect...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch425
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to recommend positioning to reduce the effective and breast-absorbed-doses in paediatric scoliosis radiography. Effective and breast-absorbed-doses were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Head directed towards the anode (HTA) positioning rather than head directed towards the cathod...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/rpd/nct038
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the worldwide reports, industrial radiography is one of the highest risk radiation practices due to handling high activity sources. Therefore, an optimization of protection along with appropriate investigation level and/or dose constraint is required to achieve appropriate radiological safety. This resear...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy021
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three general principles of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are: justification, optimisation (ALARA) and dose limitation. The principle application of optimisation (ALARA) for occupational exposures of workers or the public to external radiation is reliant on low doses being assessed...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch094
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study a set of structures has been simulated to represent a range of clinically relevant breast cancer mammographic lesions including solid tumours and microcalcifications. All structures have been created using simple random-based mathematical functions and have been inserted into a subset of digital mammogra...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch552
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albedo neutron dosemeter is the German official personal neutron dosemeter in mixed radiation fields where neutrons contribute to personal dose. In deep geological repositories for high-level nuclear waste, where neutrons can dominate the radiation field, it is of interest to investigate the performance of albedo neut...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw147
更新日期:2017-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Production of double strand breaks (DSBs) and double-stranded DNA fragments after irradiation with high energy nitrogen ions was simulated with stochastic track generation and a high-order chromatin structure (HOCS) model representing a segment of interphase chromosome. The non-random distribution of DNA fragments is ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006748
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some activities of EURADOS Working Group 9 (WG9) are presently funded by the European Commission (CONRAD project). The objective of WG9 is to promote and co-ordinate research activities for the assessment of occupational exposures to staff at workplaces in interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine. For some o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn149
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dosimetric use of the chemical solution chlorobenzene-ethanol-trimethylpentane (CET) is based on the radiolytic formation of hydrochloric acid, which protonates a pH indicator thymolsulphonphthalein. On the basis of the CET solution, an accident and emergency personal dosemeter was designed allowing doses in the r...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm042
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From August 2016 to June 2017, the Public Health England-Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), collaborating centre of the WHO, through its Radiation Hazards and Emergencies Department Emergency Response Group has successfully supported five WHO Joint External Evaluation (JEE) missions in...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy142
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SCK·CEN has carried out neutron field characterisation campaigns at several nuclear reactors. The main goal of these measurement campaigns was to evaluate the performance of different neutron personal dosemeters. To be able to evaluate the performance of neutron personal dosemeters in terms of Hp(10), knowledge of...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu193
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Health Physics Measurements Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has initiated a study of neutron reference fields at selected US Department of Energy (DOE) calibration facilities. To date, field characterisation has been completed at five facilities. These fields are traceable to the National Instit...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm012
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported recently that the A-bomb gamma ray spectra received by the colon of the average Japanese survivor of Hiroshima and Nagasaki may be experimentally simulated using a hospital-based Philips SL15 linear accelerator. The simulated A-bomb gamma radiation may be used in radiobiology experiments to determ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nch320
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manipulation of a wide variety of unsealed sources in Nuclear Medicine results in a significant risk of internal exposure of the workers. 131I should be highlighted among the most frequently used radionuclides because of its large application for diagnosis and therapy of thyroid diseases. The increasing use of rad...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm365
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regarding in vivo L-band dosimetry with human teeth, a number of preliminary experiments were carried out that were linked to the resonators response and the relative contribution of enamel to the EPR signal intensity of irradiated whole teeth. The sensitivity of the extended loop resonator varies in the antenna plane...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006036
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimation of the effective inhalation dose of short half-life radon progeny requires the quantification of radon equilibrium equivalent activity concentrations (EEC, Ceq). The aim of the present study is to develop new methodology that focuses on spot measurements to determine EEC from single gross alpha counts and d...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncaa176
更新日期:2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::For the purpose of radiation protection, the reference neutron field for calibration of neutron monitors was constructed using radioactive neutron sources-bare-(252)Cf, D(2)O-moderated (252)Cf and (241)Am-Be(alpha,n)-at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). The well-specified neutron source with i...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm034
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study is presented of the thermoluminescence (TL) of phosphors based on potassium halides doped with divalent lead, such as KCl:Pb2+, KBr:Pb2+ and the crystalline series KCl(1-X)Br(X):Pb2+. The defects in the crystals generated by irradiation have been investigated as well as the trapping and room temperature recomb...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a005913
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The model and development is described of a new generation of Monte Carlo track structure codes. The code LEPHIST simulates full slowing down of low-energy proton history tracks in the range 1 keV-1 MeV and the code LEAHIST simulates low-energy alpha particle history tracks in the range 1 keV-8 MeV in water. All prima...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006838
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::BNFL have over 25 years experience of designing nuclear plant for the whole-fuel cycle. In the UK, a Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) is to be set up to ensure that Britain's nuclear legacy is cleaned up safely, securely and cost effectively. The resulting challenges and opportunities for shielding design will ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci171
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single-parameter geometry to describe soil is achieved for Monte Carlo calculation of absorbed dose rate in air for photon emitters from natural radionuclides. This optimised geometry based on physical assumptions consists of the soil part whose emitted radiation has a given minimum probability to reach the detector...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm426
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetics of dissolution of (238)U, (234)U and (230)Th dust deposited on filters from personal alpha dosemeters was studied by means of a 26-d in vitro dissolution test with a serum ultrafiltrate simulant. Dosemeters had been used by miners at the uranium mine 'Dolní Rozínka' at Rozná, Czech Republic. The sampling flow...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm455
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00