Identifying genes of agronomic importance in maize by screening microsatellites for evidence of selection during domestication.

abstract：:The hormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of plant growth. Many of the components of the gibberellin signal transduction [e.g., GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) and DELLA], biosynthesis [e.g., GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) and GA3ox], and deactivation pathways have been identified. Gibberellin binds its receptor,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Middleton AM,Úbeda-Tomás S,Griffiths J,Holman T,Hedden P,Thomas SG,Phillips AL,Holdsworth MJ,Bennett MJ,King JR,Owen MR

更新日期：2012-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel OTX-related homeodomain transcription factor has been identified on the basis of its ability to interact with the transactivation domain of the pituitary-specific POU domain protein, Pit-1. This factor, referred to as P-OTX (pituitary OTX-related factor), is expressed in primordial Rathke's pouch, oral epithel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szeto DP,Ryan AK,O'Connell SM,Rosenfeld MG

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Facial expressions of emotion in humans are believed to be produced by contracting one's facial muscles, generally called action units. However, the surface of the face is also innervated with a large network of blood vessels. Blood flow variations in these vessels yield visible color changes on the face. Here, we stu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benitez-Quiroz CF,Srinivasan R,Martinez AM

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:For an excitable cell to function properly, a precise number of ion channel proteins need to be trafficked to distinct locations on the cell surface membrane, through a network and anchoring activity of cytoskeletal proteins. Not surprisingly, mutations in anchoring proteins have profound effects on membrane excitabil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rafizadeh S,Zhang Z,Woltz RL,Kim HJ,Myers RE,Lu L,Tuteja D,Singapuri A,Bigdeli AA,Harchache SB,Knowlton AA,Yarov-Yarovoy V,Yamoah EN,Chiamvimonvat N

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Spantide (D-Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-D-Trp7-Phe8-D-Trp9-++ +Leu10-Leu11-NH2) was introduced as a tachykinin antagonist in 1984 and has served as a starting point in the design of new antagonists that have proven to be more effective and have exhibited no neurological side effects. The most remarkable and unpredic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Folkers K,Feng DM,Asano N,Håkanson R,Weisenfeld-Hallin Z,Leander S

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the opening of the heme ring with the release of iron in both plants and animals. In cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptophyceae, HO is a key enzyme in the synthesis of the chromophoric part of the photosynthetic antennae. In an attempt to study the regulation of this key metabolic step, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richaud C,Zabulon G

更新日期：1997-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied a naturally occurring small-molecule antimitotic called diazonamide A. Diazonamide A is highly effective at blocking spindle assembly in mammalian cell culture and does so through a unique mechanism. A biotinylated form of diazonamide A affinity purifies ornithine delta-amino transferase (OAT), a mitoc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang G,Shang L,Burgett AW,Harran PG,Wang X

更新日期：2007-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence would have been a primary determinant of peptide structure and activity in an origins-of-life scenario. It is a commonly held hypothesis that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Forsythe JG,Petrov AS,Millar WC,Yu SS,Krishnamurthy R,Grover MA,Hud NV,Fernández FM

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induces an increase in amino acid uptake via system A in quiescent human diploid fibroblasts. Cells must be exposed to PDGF for 45 min to obtain maximum transport stimulation. Transport stimulation requires protein synthesis. Transient exposure to PDGF, alone, in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Owen AJ 3rd,Geyer RP,Antoniades HN

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We exploit the unusual genome organization of the ciliate cell to analyze the control of specific gene amplification during a nuclear differentiation process. Ciliates contain two types of nuclei within one cell, the macronucleus and the micronucleus; and after sexual reproduction a new macronucleus is formed from a m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heyse G,Jönsson F,Chang WJ,Lipps HJ

更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhomogeneous ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that vaporization of MgSiO3 is incongruent and that the vapor phase is dominated by SiO and O2 molecules. The vapor is strongly depleted in Mg at low temperature and approaches the composition of the liquid near the critical point. We find that the liquid-vap...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao B,Stixrude L

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of small resting B cells with soluble F(ab')2 fragments of anti-IgM, an analogue of T-independent type 2 antigens, induced activation characterized by proliferation and the expression of surface CD5. In contrast, B cells induced to proliferate in response to thymus-dependent inductive signals provided by eit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wortis HH,Teutsch M,Higer M,Zheng J,Parker DC

更新日期：1995-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The environmental backdrop to the evolution and spread of early Homo sapiens in East Africa is known mainly from isolated outcrops and distant marine sediment cores. Here we present results from new scientific drill cores from Lake Malawi, the first long and continuous, high-fidelity records of tropical climate change...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scholz CA,Johnson TC,Cohen AS,King JW,Peck JA,Overpeck JT,Talbot MR,Brown ET,Kalindekafe L,Amoako PY,Lyons RP,Shanahan TM,Castañeda IS,Heil CW,Forman SL,McHargue LR,Beuning KR,Gomez J,Pierson J

更新日期：2007-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have constructed and characterized a polyoma virus-based plasmid that is maintained as an autonomously replicating extrachromosomal element (episome) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Plasmid pMGD20neo contains the polyoma origin of replication harboring a mutated enhancer (PyF101), a modified polyoma early regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gassmann M,Donoho G,Berg P

更新日期：1995-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to integrate visual information over space is a fundamental component of human pattern vision. Regardless of whether it is for detecting luminance contrast or for recognizing objects in a cluttered scene, the position of the target in the visual field governs the size of a window within which visual inform...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon M,Liu R

更新日期：2019-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher disease. A cDNA clone containing the entire human glucocerebrosidase coding region from normal cells has been isolated using lambda gt11 expression libraries. The complete nucleotide sequence, a restriction map, and a hydropathy profile are presented. Hybrid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sorge J,West C,Westwood B,Beutler E

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effects of carbon starvation and of varying the growth rate on the activity of each of the two tandem ribosomal RNA promoters from the rrnA operon of Escherichia coli. The cellular abundance of plasmid-encoded transcripts arising at promoters P1 and P2 and terminating at the ribosomal RNA terminator in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarmientos P,Cashel M

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of complex superstructures via hydrogen bonding of two ditopic building blocks, diazadibenzoperylenes 1a,b and isophthalic acid 2, has been investigated. It was found that only the phenoxy-substituted diazadibenzoperylene 1a forms extended assemblies with 2 in complexes of a 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sautter A,Thalacker C,Heise B,Wurthner F

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access system...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moritz M,Behnke R,Beitl CM,Bliege Bird R,Chiaravalloti RM,Clark JK,Crabtree SA,Downey SS,Hamilton IM,Phang SC,Scholte P,Wilson JA

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal as well as Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken pectoral and chicken embryo fibroblasts proliferate actively in a plasma containing medium of physiological ion concentrations (Ca2+, 1.2 mM; Mg2+, 0.7 mM). Reduction of medium calcium and magnesium concentrations is necessary to achieve selective quiescence of nor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balk SD

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface distributions of three different membrane integral proteins, beta2-microglobulin (part of the histocompatibility antigen complex), aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase; EC 3.4.11.2), and the Na+,K+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.3) on human fibroblasts grown in monolayer culture have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ash JF,Louvard D,Singer SJ

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of endocytosis in the control of EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and cell signaling was explored by using mouse fibroblasts in which dynamin was conditionally depleted. Dynamin is a GTPase shown to play an important role in the control clathrin mediated endocytosis of EGFR and other cell surface receptors. In ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sousa LP,Lax I,Shen H,Ferguson SM,De Camilli P,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2012-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of genomic regions that control tissue-specific gene expression is currently problematic. ChIP and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) of enhancer-associated proteins such as p300 identifies some but not all enhancers active in a tissue. Here we show that co-occupancy of a chromatin region by multiple...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He A,Kong SW,Ma Q,Pu WT

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Modeling studies of terrestrial extrasolar planetary climates are now including the effects of ocean circulation due to a recognition of the importance of oceans for climate; indeed, the peak equator-pole ocean heat transport on Earth peaks at almost half that of the atmosphere. However, such studies have made the ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cullum J,Stevens DP,Joshi MM

更新日期：2016-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The N,N'-diacetyllactosediamine (lacdiNAc) pathway of complex-type oligosaccharide synthesis is controlled by a UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAc beta-R beta 1-->4-N-acetylgalac-tesaminyltransferase (beta 4-GalNAcT) that acts analogously to the common UDP-Gal:GlcNAc beta-R beta 1-->4-galactosyltransferase (beta 4-GalT). LacdiNAc-base...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neeleman AP,van de Eijnden DH

更新日期：1996-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple in vitro system that supports chromatin assembly was developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assembly reaction is ATP-dependent, uses soluble histones and assembly factors, and generates physiologically spaced nucleosomes. We analyze the pathway of histone recruitment into nucleosomes, using this system i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schultz MC,Hockman DJ,Harkness TA,Garinther WI,Altheim BA

更新日期：1997-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombination is responsible for a broad range of biological phenomena, including DNA inversion, resolution of transposition intermediates, and the integration and excision of bacteriophage genomes. Integration of mycobacteriophage L5 is catalyzed by a phage-encoded integrase with recombination occurring...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peña CE,Kahlenberg JM,Hatfull GF

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue-specific, cell-aggregating component of embryonic neural retina cells was purified from the retina cell-aggregating factor and characterized as a glycoprotein. Its molecular weight in solution is in the range of 50,000, and it contains 10-15% carbohydrate. The amino-acid and carbohydrate compositions have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hausman RE,Moscona AA

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The post-translational proteolytic conversion of somatostatin-14 precursors was studied to characterize the enzyme system responsible for the production of the tetradecapeptide either from its 15-kDa precursor protein or from its COOH-terminal fragment, somatostatin-28. A synthetic undecapeptide Pro-Arg-Glu-Arg-Lys-Al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gluschankof P,Morel A,Gomez S,Nicolas P,Fahy C,Cohen P

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to instantly create a state of immunity as achieved in the passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin has had a tremendous impact on public health. Unlike passive immunization, active immunization, which is the foundation of vaccinology, is an anticipatory strategy with inherent limitations. Here we show tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Popkov M,Gonzalez B,Sinha SC,Barbas CF 3rd

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00