Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Prescribing practices impact greatly on drug use and expenditure. The situation in developing countries is often compounded by a limited health budget. Furthermore, because of role substitution in these countries, prescribers are often not formally trained in rational prescribing. The study described in this paper assesses the effect of a prescribing training intervention for primary health care nurses. DESIGN:A generic training-of-trainers course and a 4-day effective prescribing course were presented to 24 provincial trainers. These trainers then conducted effective prescribing workshops for 20 primary health care nurses per workshop. In 1997, 457 prescribers were trained by this method in South Africa's Northern Province. The study investigated the impact of the training on prescribing practices for two target conditions, in a control and a study group of 11 clinics each, 1 month after and 3 months after the intervention. SETTING:Primary health care clinics in the Lowveld Region of the Northern Province of South Africa. RESULTS:Prescribing practices for the two conditions examined were significantly improved by the training. Changed behaviour was not only seen in prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections, used as an example condition, but also for diarrhoea and/or vomiting, a common condition in the region, which was not included in the training programme. These results show that prescribers not only retained the knowledge gained, but were also able to apply their new skills to other conditions (transfer effect). The change in the study group was maintained for 3 months after training, while there were no significant improvements in prescribing in the control group. INTERPRETATION:The training intervention had a beneficial effect on prescribing practices.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Meyer JC,Summers RS,Möller Hdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01000.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
833-40issue
9eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923pii
med1000journal_volume
35pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:The inconsistency of the marking in clinical examinations is a well documented problem. This project identified some of the factors responsible for this inconsistency. A standardized rating situation was devised. Five students were videotaped as they performed part of a physical examination on simulated patients. Eigh...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02379.x
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical students on an in-patient service and residents working in an ambulatory care clinic have regularly evaluated their clinical tutors over the 5 years 1985-1989. Both groups of raters reliably and predictably evaluated their tutors and both emphasize between-tutor comparisons more than actual rating values for i...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00228.x
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Teaching at the bedside during attending rounds is considered to be fundamental to medical education. We conducted an ethnographic case study to investigate such teaching in general paediatrics as a social phenomenon and to explore change over time in both the meaning of rounds and the context in which round...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03767.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a reflection on the Edinburgh Declaration, this conceptual synthesis presents six important challenges in relation to the role of medical education in meeting current national health priorities. CONTEXT:This paper presents a conceptual synthesis of current efforts in medical education to incorporate national healt...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.13395
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Europe, tropical pathology is usually taught in special short courses, intended for those planning to practise in developing countries. The theoretical knowledge to be assimilated during this short period is considerable, and turning such newly acquired knowledge into competence is difficult. Kabisa is a computer-b...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb02568.x
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In September 1974 candidates who had taken a computerized patient managment problem examination (CPMP), as part of the certification process in paediatrics required by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, completed a questionnaire designed to elicit their reactions to CPMPs. The results indicated th...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1976.tb01494.x
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Apprenticeship learning is common in medical education, but is often situated in theoretical frameworks which highlight its cognitive but not its social dimension. METHODS:We conducted an ethnographic case study of paediatric residents' learning relationships with their preceptors in a community-based paediatr...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03121.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Using a novel longitudinal tracking project, this study develops and evaluates the performance of a predictive model and index of rural medical practice intention based on the characteristics of incoming medical students. METHODS:Medical school entry survey data were obtained from the Medical Schools Outcom...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03506.x
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This paper aims to summarise the evidence supporting the role of experience-based, non-analytic reasoning (NAR) or pattern recognition as a central feature of expert medical diagnosis. METHODS:The authors examine a series of studies, primarily from their own research programme at McMaster University, that de...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02914.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The GMC's publications The New Doctor (GMC 1997) outlines an approach for the education of Pre-registration House Officers using designated educational supervisors. In order to establish appropriate means of training consultants to undertake this role, the Centre for Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education at th...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00209.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the importance of psycho-social factors in medicine is increasingly stressed, it is believed that attitudes towards psycho-social issues in medicine should be taken into account in the selection of medical students. The first step of a longitudinal study concerning the impact of medical studies on the students of a...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02271.x
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:arts-based interventions, which aim to foster understanding of the patient's perspective and to enhance communication skills, have been part of the medical curriculum for several years. This review aims to evaluate the available evidence base for their effectiveness and to suggest the nature of future work. ME...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03848.x
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:There are recognised difficulties in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills that relate to the sensitive nature of the various examinations and the anxiety faced by novice learners. This systematic review provides a summary of the evidence for the involvement of real patients (RPs) and simulated ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03608.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to provide "horizontal" integration of related clinical subjects, a combined teaching course in community medicine, general practice, geriatric medicine and mental health has been devised. The course lasts 12 weeks and is divided between joint teaching of topics of common interest and clinical clerkships in i...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1982.tb01074.x
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe the ways in which total resources available for the Service Increment for Teaching (SIFT) have been determined and related to numbers of undergraduate medical students; and the development and current arrangements for allocating SIFT to the providers of service support for teaching. DESIGN:The d...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00310.x
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In medical education, assessment of medical competence and performance, important changes have taken place in the last 5 decades. These changes have affected the basic concepts in all 3 domains. DEVELOPMENTS IN EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT:In education constructivism has provided a completely new view on how st...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01851.x
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of a written cognitive aid on expressed clinical reasoning and quantity and the accuracy of information transfer during resident doctor handover. METHODS:This study was a randomised controlled trial in an academic paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of 20 handover events (10 events pe...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/medu.12212
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 1993 the General Medical Council published its recommendations on undergraduate medical education. AIM:To study the implementation of these recommendations in UK medical schools by means of informal visitations. METHODS:Teams consisting of 3-5 members visited the 25 UK medical schools in a 3-year period...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01152.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The lack of published studies into effective skills teaching in clinical skills centres inspired this study of student views of the teaching behaviours of skills teachers. METHODS:We organised focus group discussions with students from Years 1-3 of a 6-year undergraduate medical curriculum. A total of 30 ra...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03283.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The banner of patient-centredness flies over many academic institutions; however, the practice and teaching of medicine remain oriented to disease. This incongruence is the result of an original Flexnerian dichotomy between the basic and clinical sciences and is maintained by a more recent distinction between d...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02905.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews some of the problems confronting medical education in Spain and some of the steps which have been taken to improve the current situation which is of serious concern to the Government, the Medical Colleges, the University, and the community generally. ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02250.x
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The teaching of ethics to medical students has recently become a topic of much importance to all concerned with medical education. However, those most involved, the students themselves, have been consulted very little. This paper reports the views of a sample of medical students at Oxford University on what ethics tea...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00401.x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The primary goal of discussing patient cases during the morning report is to teach appropriate clinical decision making. In addition, the selection of the best diagnostic strategy and application of evidence-based patient care are important. Reducing hospital costs is fundamental to controlling inflation in hea...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12152
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:A recent study has suggested that assessors judge performance comparatively rather than against fixed standards. Ratings assigned to borderline trainees were found to be biased by previously seen candidates' performances. We extended that programme of investigation by examining these effects across a range of p...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12254
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The importance of training health professionals for work in an ethnically diverse society is increasingly recognized. However, health educators may lack confidence or experience in delivering such teaching, contributing to a self-perpetuating inertia. OBJECTIVES:To identify current experience and challenges...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00880.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of the personality of the dentist in the dental treatment of the anxious patient has been recognized for some time. However, there has been little research into the emotional reactions of dental students in similar stressful situations. This investigation, using specific psychological tests, examined th...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01135.x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To follow the progress of young female adolescents, as risk-taking standardised patients (SPs), and to monitor for adverse affects that role-playing may have on the adolescents. METHODS:A prospective design was used in which 11 female adolescents, aged 13-15 years, were recruited from 2 schools. The adolesce...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02343.x
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:It is important to know how patients are affected by becoming opportunistically involved in medical student education. In previous studies, researchers rather than patients set the research agenda and expert patients or people well known to teachers were more often involved than ordinary people. OBJECTIVES:Thi...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04332.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A system for linked tutorial teaching involving several groups of students at different locations has been introduced successfully into the teaching resources of the University of Wales College of Medicine. It utilizes standard telephone equipment supplemented by specially prepared videocassette material. The results ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01344.x
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Near-peer and faculty staff tutors may facilitate problem-based learning (PBL) through different means. Near-peer tutors are thought to compensate for their lack of subject matter expertise with greater adeptness at group facilitation and a better understanding of their learners. However, theoretical explanatio...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12969
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
