Abstract:
CONTEXT:Near-peer and faculty staff tutors may facilitate problem-based learning (PBL) through different means. Near-peer tutors are thought to compensate for their lack of subject matter expertise with greater adeptness at group facilitation and a better understanding of their learners. However, theoretical explanations of tutor effectiveness have been developed largely from recollections of tutor practices gathered through student evaluation surveys, focus groups and interviews. A closer look at what happens during PBL sessions tutored by near-peers and faculty members seems warranted to augment theory from a grounded perspective. METHODS:We conducted an observational study to explore interactional practices during PBL tutorials at our medical school, at which near-peer tutoring of Year 2 students is an established practice. Between October 2014 and May 2015, video-recordings were made of nine purposively sampled tutor groups using three tutor types (near-peer, clinical faculty and basic science faculty staff) across three systems-based units. An investigator team comprising a Year 2 student, a Year 4 student and a behavioural scientist independently analysed the videos until their observations reached saturation and then met face to face to discuss their detailed field notes. RESULTS:Through constant comparison, narratives of tutor practices and group dynamics were generated for each of the nine tutor groups, representing the collective impressions of the members of the investigator team. CONCLUSIONS:Variation was greater within than across tutor types. Tutors' practices idiosyncratically and sometimes substantially diverged from PBL principles, yet all tutors attempted to convey authority or 'insider' status with respect to the short- and long-term goals of medical education. Students prompted these status demonstrations by expressing gratitude, asking questions and exhibiting analogous status demonstrations themselves. Understanding the socio-cognitive nature of tutoring from a grounded perspective may provide a means to develop faculty staff of all types to better meet learner needs in a principled fashion.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Cianciolo AT,Kidd B,Murray Sdoi
10.1111/medu.12969subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
757-67issue
7eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper describes the development and structure of an Electronic Study Guide for Oncology (LETSGO) for undergraduate medical students. LETSGO is aimed at clinical students learning about cancer. The subject of the guide is breast cancer and learning objectives cover structure and function, behavioural science, publ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02860.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The average length of in-patient stay (LOS) in Japan is longer than that of the other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The tendency towards long LOS is also apparent in teaching hospitals in Japan. This paper examines factors responsible for the long LOS in teaching hospitals, fo...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12751
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abstract::Teaching preclinical medical students about doctor-patient communication gives them an opportunity to develop their interviewing skills prior to their having to elicit lists of symptoms in their clinical years. General practitioners should be among the more efficient interviewers in clinical medicine and therefore abl...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00259.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical student wastage leads to adverse emotional and social consequences for individual students and financial difficulties and morale problems for medical schools. This study retrospectively assessed the records of all students at Leeds School of Medicine who left the course prematurely between 1983 and 1992. The d...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00739.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a reflection on the Edinburgh Declaration, this conceptual synthesis presents six important challenges in relation to the role of medical education in meeting current national health priorities. CONTEXT:This paper presents a conceptual synthesis of current efforts in medical education to incorporate national healt...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13395
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:High-income country (HIC) trainees are undertaking global health experiences in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) host communities in increasing numbers. Although the benefits for HIC trainees are well described, the benefits and drawbacks for LMIC host communities are not well captured. OBJECTIVES:This st...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13106
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine young doctors' views on a number of professional issues including professional regulation, multidisciplinary teamwork, priority setting, clinical autonomy and private practice. METHOD:Postal survey of 545 doctors who graduated from United Kingdom medical schools in 1995. RESULTS:Questionnaires w...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01011.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay examines the background and implementation of the statutory requirement that each medical graduate in Great Britain must spend a pre-registration year in hospital training before full registration can be effected. It looks briefly at the French and USA 'internship', and then describes the British situation ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb02589.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and forty-six (93%) of the University of Wales College of Medicine intake of new students completed a personality questionnaire (Cattell 16PF) on registration in October 1988. The students were divided into four groups depending on their academic progress up to and including 2nd MB BCh. Whereas the majorit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00244.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14427
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00690.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12368
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between psychological constructs related to professional and research integrity and moral reasoning among medical students. METHODS:Medical students, 2nd-year (n = 208, 85.6% of 243 enrolled students), answered the moral reasoning test-defining issues test 2 (DIT2) and the Mac...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02391.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent psychological research suggests how to simplify texts and translate quantitative concepts into the language of clinical medicine. ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00371.x
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Overseas-trained doctors (OTDs) have limited access and formal interaction with the Australian health care system prior to joining the Australian medical workforce. A pre-employment programme was designed to familiarize OTDs with the Australian health care system. METHOD:All OTDs who had passed their Austra...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01196.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Increasing numbers of educational institutions in the medical field choose to replace their conventional admissions interviews with a multiple mini-interview (MMI) format because the latter has superior reliability values and reduces interviewer bias. As the MMI format can be adapted to the conditions of eac...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12535
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The undergraduate teaching of childhood illness in the community is described. This teaching includes a cross-section of acute childhood illness together with some contact with handicapped children in their own homes. Although there were only four teaching sessions, the frequency of conditions studied approximated to ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00575.x
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information about medical students' lifestyles was obtained from 785 second-year students from seven medical schools in Great Britain by a personally administered questionnaire. Fifteen per cent of the students were non-drinkers. Among those who drank, 48% of the men and 38% of the women exceeded sensible weekly limit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00204.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compares the predictive values of written-knowledge tests and a standardized multiple-station examination for the actual medical performance of general practitioners (GPs) in order to select effective assessment methods to be used in quality-improvement activities. A comprehensive assessment was performed i...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00280.x
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14406
更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03856.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14351
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00057.x
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00773.x
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence that nurses fulfil the requirements of objective judgement better than doctors. Simulation of Initial Medical Problem-Solving (SIMP), a paper-and-pencil test for the assessment of medical problem-solving, consists of case histories, followed by an open-ended question. The scoring of open-ended questi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb01564.x
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Multi-source feedback (MSF) enables performance data to be provided to doctors from patients, co-workers and medical colleagues. This study examined the evidence for the validity of MSF instruments for general practice, investigated changes in performance for doctors who participated twice, 5 years apart, an...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03127.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:A student's academic success in graduate and professional school may depend on prior knowledge. However, these students may not see important and necessary material for extended periods of time between their pre-requisites and their new course work. As such, they are more prone to being unable to access availab...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14162
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Modern postgraduate medical training requires both accurate and reliable selection procedures. An essential first step is to conduct detailed job analysis studies. This paper reports data on a series of job analyses to develop a competency model for three secondary care specialties (anaesthesia, obstetrics an...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03174.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to describe the application, feasibility and outcomes of using simulated patients (SPs) to increase the skills of general practitioners (GPs) delivering a behavioural intervention to reduce childhood overweight and mild obesity. METHODS:Five female actors were trained as SPs. A total of 67 ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03686.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00