Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To describe the ways in which total resources available for the Service Increment for Teaching (SIFT) have been determined and related to numbers of undergraduate medical students; and the development and current arrangements for allocating SIFT to the providers of service support for teaching. DESIGN:The derivation of SIFT from excess costs of teaching hospitals over general hospitals is described. The official principles of organizing SIFT to reimburse the service costs of teaching undergraduate medical students are explained. The crucial development that is examined is the change from SIFT being a global subsidy to being related to educational contracts. This development has facilitated both the specification of standards and innovative uses of SIFT. These are illustrated with examples. SETTING:Hospital and Community Health Services and Primary Care in the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. SUBJECTS:Medical students. RESULTS:There is often confusion caused by SIFT being intended to cover the service costs of teaching but not having been derived in this way. This causes problems in deciding what providers should be paid through contracts for teaching of different kinds. CONCLUSIONS:The new contractual basis has enabled medical schools to use contracts to improve the clinical teaching of undergraduate medical students in the NHS. These developments may offer useful models for other countries.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Clack GB,Bevan G,Eddleston ALdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00310.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-05-01 00:00:00pages
350-8issue
5eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923pii
med310journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Student assessment in community settings presents problems for medical teachers, e.g., difficulties in assessing the contribution of individual members to group work, and lack of test standardization due to varying field conditions. The Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan is a community-oriented, communit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00151.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Computerised learning clearly offers exciting potential for improving student learning, either as an aid to or as a replacement for traditional formats, or for the development of innovative approaches. However, rigorous evaluation of the utility of computer-aided learning (CAL) in enhancing student learning ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01892.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This instalment in the series on professional assessment provides an introduction to methods of setting standards. METHOD:A standard is a special score that serves as a boundary between those who perform well enough and those who do not. The practical steps in selecting it include: deciding on the type of st...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01495.x
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elective modules programme in the behavioural sciences was designed for the undergraduate medical curriculum at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. The programme provides a mechanism by which a broad range of behavioural science content can be introduced into the curriculum without increased allocation o...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01469.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Clinical context may act as both an aid to decision making and a source of bias contributing to medical error. The effect of clinical history, a form of clinical context, on the diagnostic accuracy of the physical examination is unknown. METHODS:We randomised internal medicine residents to receive either no hi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03896.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Coaching in medical education has recently gained prominence, but minimal attention has been given to key skills and determining how they work to effectively ensure residents are progressing and developing self-assessment skills. This study examined process-oriented and content-oriented coaching skills used ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13818
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:A challenge for medical educators is to better understand the personal factors that lead to individual success in medical school and beyond. Recently, educational researchers in fields outside medicine have acknowledged the importance of motivation and emotion in students' learning and performance. These affect...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03712.x
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study changes in student approaches to learning following the introduction of computer-supported, problem-based learning. SETTING:Medical students at the University of Oslo undertake a 12-week period of clinical placement during their 10th term. In this period they continue to undertake problem-based lea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2004.01786.x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To establish which personal and contextual factors are predictive of successful outcomes in postgraduate medical education. METHOD:We performed a follow-up study of 118 doctors on a postgraduate occupational health training programme on the management of mental health problems. The following personal and conte...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01846.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:A recent study has suggested that assessors judge performance comparatively rather than against fixed standards. Ratings assigned to borderline trainees were found to be biased by previously seen candidates' performances. We extended that programme of investigation by examining these effects across a range of p...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12254
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is important to provide an epidemiological presence when teaching clinical medicine to undergraduate medical students in order to supply the underlying facts about disease. A series of pictorial or tabular presentations which together make up a 'master set' of Data Boards has been designed to give the medical stude...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1976.tb00480.x
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has reported some aspects of an analysis of the correlates of success in candidates' first attempts at the postgraduate psychiatric examinations of the R.A.N.Z.C.P. These are developed to suggest some attributes which selectors of trainees could take into account. Profitable future areas for research are de...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02482.x
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Language is one of the primary modalities for teaching and learning in the health professions in contexts ranging from the more formal teaching relationships of medical school to the guided practice of trainees through continuing education and the deliberate practice of lifelong learning. Yet linguistic analysi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13944
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Medical students are expected to self-regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self-regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co-regulated lea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14018
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The study's first aim was to assess the emotional impact of cadaver dissection on first year medical students using the newly developed Appraisal of Life Events Scale (ALE). Its secondary aim was to evaluate the validity of the ALE by comparing it with the Impact of Events Scale (IOE). SETTING:Division of Biomedic...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01235.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the importance of psycho-social factors in medicine is increasingly stressed, it is believed that attitudes towards psycho-social issues in medicine should be taken into account in the selection of medical students. The first step of a longitudinal study concerning the impact of medical studies on the students of a...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02271.x
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:As part of curriculum evaluation, management and quality assurance strategies, many undergraduate medical schools are in the process of constructing computer-based curriculum maps. METHODS:A survey was distributed to Canadian and UK medical schools to determine the current status, characteristics, and challeng...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03093.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Admissions interviews are unreliable and have poor predictive validity, yet are the sole measures of non-cognitive skills used by most medical school admissions departments. The low reliability may be due in part to variation in conditional reliability across the rating scale. OBJECTIVES:To describe an empiric...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02634.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A postal survey about opinions of quality assurance and the methods used to teach this subject was sent to all family practice course organizers in England, Wales and Scotland, and to all family practice residency directors in the USA. Opinions of quality assurance were more positive from the American responders. A wi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb00010.x
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The adverse patient event is an inherent component of surgical practice, but many surgeons are unprepared for the profound emotional responses these events can evoke. This study explored surgeons' reactions to adverse events and their impact on subsequent judgement and decision making. METHODS:Using a construc...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/medu.12058
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Established in 1858, the General Medical Council was responsible, inter alia, for improving the standard of medical education in Britain. It was agreed on all hands that there were serious deficiencies: there was far too much book-learning and not enough practical knowledge; students graduated who were wholly ignorant...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb01573.x
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This booklet is a guide to using observational research methods in medical and health-care education. Emphasis is given to the role of observation in providing concrete, detailed descriptions of how educational events unfold. It is suggested that observational methods have a valuable contribution to make to our unders...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02521.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper outlines one component, the project, which in 4 years became an integral part of the Human Ecology course at the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Glasgow. Although it is to be retained in some form, it would seem that the full potential of the device for medical undergraduates has not b...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01012.x
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system for linked tutorial teaching involving several groups of students at different locations has been introduced successfully into the teaching resources of the University of Wales College of Medicine. It utilizes standard telephone equipment supplemented by specially prepared videocassette material. The results ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01344.x
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Since their introduction, workplace-based assessments (WBAs) have proliferated throughout postgraduate medical education. Previous reviews have identified mixed findings regarding WBAs' effectiveness, but have not considered the importance of user-tool-context interactions. The present review was conducted t...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.14221
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Empathy towards patients is associated with improved health outcomes. However, quantitative studies using self-reported data have not provided an in-depth opportunity to explore the lived experiences of medical students concerning empathy. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to investigate undergraduate medical...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04152.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The challenge of ensuring 'fair' selection processes confronts all medical schools around the globe. In the UK, historical analyses suggest applicants who are male, non-White, and from less advantaged socio-economic and school backgrounds have been less likely to be offered a place at medical school. We provide...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12981
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:High-income country (HIC) trainees are undertaking global health experiences in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) host communities in increasing numbers. Although the benefits for HIC trainees are well described, the benefits and drawbacks for LMIC host communities are not well captured. OBJECTIVES:This st...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13106
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to gain an understanding of the concerns of those in control in Canadian Family Medicine, and to gain an understanding of the experiences of trainees in the traditional postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) and in a flexible PGY-2 at the University of Toronto (U of T) Department of Family and Communi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00852.x
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study analyses and discusses recent changes in young Japanese doctors' career paths, in terms of their distribution in different types of facilities and specialties, following changes to the postgraduate clinical training system in 2004. METHODS:Data from the National Survey of Physicians, Dentists and...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03582.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00