Abstract：
:Established in 1858, the General Medical Council was responsible, inter alia, for improving the standard of medical education in Britain. It was agreed on all hands that there were serious deficiencies: there was far too much book-learning and not enough practical knowledge; students graduated who were wholly ignorant of important areas of medicine; there were 19 licensing bodies and the criteria for admission to practise differed widely. Debate continued from 1860 to 1890. A major question was, What sort of education should the student have received before he entered medical school? There were four common answers: (1) he should have received the preliminary education of 'a well-educated gentleman'; (2) he should know a good deal about everything; (3) he should have a better knowledge of science--but how to define science?; (4) he should have done well at school, never mind what he had studied. A second major question was, How should science and practical instruction be combined in the medical curriculum? Many defended the old and not quite dead apprenticeship system; a practical 'sandwich course' was even suggested. The debate ended with the Report of the GMC's Education Committee in 1890, which increased the length of the medical course from 4 years to 5 and brought chemistry, physics and biology into the early years. The amount of clinical work, however, although it was supposed to increase, remained very small.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Youngson AJdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb01573.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-11-01 00:00:00pages
480-91issue
6eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
23pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:A system for linked tutorial teaching involving several groups of students at different locations has been introduced successfully into the teaching resources of the University of Wales College of Medicine. It utilizes standard telephone equipment supplemented by specially prepared videocassette material. The results ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01344.x
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The GMC's publications The New Doctor (GMC 1997) outlines an approach for the education of Pre-registration House Officers using designated educational supervisors. In order to establish appropriate means of training consultants to undertake this role, the Centre for Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education at th...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00209.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the relationship between perceived family support and coping efficacy in premedical (i.e. prior to entering medical school) students, an understudied subset of undergraduate students who are particularly at risk for academia- related stress. The relationships between students' perceive...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03091.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This article explores the concept of resilience and its potential relevance to medicine. It also looks at the dimensions of resilience and its ethical importance for effective professional practice, and considers whether a focus on resilience might be useful in medical training. METHODS:An applied literatur...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04188.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to explore the following questions: (1) Do residents perceive training focused on infancy and early childhood care issues as more clinically applicable than training focused on care of older children and adolescents? (2) Do residents at different training levels differ in their evaluation of behaviou...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00900.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactive video is a new teaching medium that has much potential in medical education. Hitherto, the realization of this potential has been restrained by lack of awareness among medical teachers of the advantageous features provided and how to implement them, while computer specialists lack the required medical know...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00044.x
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Programme evaluation is perpetually mandated in health professions education. Correspondingly, there has been an expansion in prescriptive methodological guides about 'how' to engage in various best practices in evaluation. However, what has gained less attention is an examination of the 'value' that different ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/medu.14281
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Educational approaches are thought to have facilitative or hindering effects on students' critical thinking development. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecturing approaches on the development of students' critical thinking. METHODS:All 79 Year 1 undergra...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02481.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Although work-based assessments (WBA) may come closest to assessing habitual performance, their use for summative purposes is not undisputed. Most criticism of WBA stems from approaches to validity consistent with the quantitative psychometric framework. However, there is increasing research evidence that indic...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12289
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:About 40% of British General Practitioners (GPs) train formally in a psychiatric post as part of their general practice training, but such training may not fully meet the needs of future GPs. A specific course in psychiatry for family doctors has run in Manchester for more than a decade. METHOD:Semi-structured...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00343.x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Critical reflection may improve health professionals' performance of the social roles of care (eg collaboration) in indeterminate zones of practice that are ambiguous, unique, unstable or value-conflicted. Research must explore critical reflection in practice and how it is developed. In this study, we explored ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.14032
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a teaching programme, for use in general practice vocational training, which provides a theoretical and practical framework for exploring key aspects of the consultation with trainees. A particular emphasis is on the educational or 'cognitive' outcomes of the consultation and skills for improving ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01022.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to gather information regarding the appropriateness of the length of time allotted for candidates to complete the history taking and physical examination tasks in a high-stakes standardized patient (SP) assessment. DESIGN:Data were collected on actual time used by 1548 examinee...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00752.x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Early clinical encounters help medical and nursing students build professional competencies. However, there is a necessary emphasis on patient autonomy and appropriate consent. Although most individuals do not object to student involvement in clinical encounters, there are occasions when personal preference and...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12751
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In the present state of flux affecting UK medical undergraduate education, there is a pressing need for evaluative methods which will identify relevant outcomes both expected and unanticipated. The student perspective is now legitimately accepted to form part of any evaluative exercise but qualitative method...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00288.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The work of five principals in a teaching general practice was audited to examine differences in prescribing, investigation and follow-up between teaching and service work over a 3-week period. The patients seen in clinical teaching were found to be representative of those consulting in normal service sessions for bot...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02407.x
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Implementing problem-based learning (PBL) in the clinical years of a medical degree presents particular challenges. This study investigated the effectiveness of using an online Clinical Reasoning Guide to assist integration of PBL in the clinical setting and promote further development of students' clinical rea...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01839.x
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:There are recognised difficulties in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills that relate to the sensitive nature of the various examinations and the anxiety faced by novice learners. This systematic review provides a summary of the evidence for the involvement of real patients (RPs) and simulated ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03608.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Each clinical encounter represents an amazing series of psychological events: perceiving the features of the situation; quickly accessing relevant hypotheses; checking for signs and symptoms that confirm or rule out competing hypotheses, and using related knowledge to guide appropriate investigations and treatm...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02924.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Educational interventions may ultimately impact on patient care as well as affecting individuals' learning. Critical evaluation of educational literature by those involved in designing and developing educational interventions is therefore important. A checklist instrument for critically appraising reports of...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00479.x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The records of 62 men and 43 women, 14-88 years old, admitted to general medical wards in a public teaching hospital during 1991 were examined for discharge medications and for the recording of alcohol-drinking, tobacco-smoking and discharge diagnosis. Drinking and smoking status was unrecorded in 22.9% and 21.9% of p...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00313.x
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the communication skills of randomly chosen first- and final-year medical students. The intention was to follow up previous research, conducted over 10 years ago, into the effects of the medical curriculum on communication skills. It was hypothesized that there would be little improvement in such s...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00203.x
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Admissions interviews are unreliable and have poor predictive validity, yet are the sole measures of non-cognitive skills used by most medical school admissions departments. The low reliability may be due in part to variation in conditional reliability across the rating scale. OBJECTIVES:To describe an empiric...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02634.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of shared hospital and general practice clinical teaching for medical undergraduates. DESIGN:A multifaceted approach employing quantitative and qualitative techniques. SETTING:All medical schools in North Thames Region. SUBJECTS:Students, GP tutors and hospit...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00763.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Competency-based medical education (CBME) requires that educators structure assessment of clinical competence using outcome frameworks. Although these frameworks may serve some outcomes well (e.g. represent eventual practice), translating these into workplace-based assessment plans may undermine validity and...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.14287
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The General Medical Council has recommended that medical students should gain more experience in general practice. The study set out to determine patients' reactions to consultations conducted by a medical student alone prior to seeing their GP. DESIGN:A random sample of patients attending general practice ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00410.x
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Teaching at the bedside during attending rounds is considered to be fundamental to medical education. We conducted an ethnographic case study to investigate such teaching in general paediatrics as a social phenomenon and to explore change over time in both the meaning of rounds and the context in which round...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03767.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Overseas-trained doctors (OTDs) have limited access and formal interaction with the Australian health care system prior to joining the Australian medical workforce. A pre-employment programme was designed to familiarize OTDs with the Australian health care system. METHOD:All OTDs who had passed their Austra...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01196.x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper compares the opportunities for flexible (part-time) specialist training in the UK and elsewhere in the EU in the overall context of the rising numbers of women doctors across Europe. Few other EU countries appear to provide the same opportunities for flexible training as the UK, despite high percentages of ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00236.x
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Simulated clinical immersion (SCI), in which clinical situations are simulated in a realistic environment, safely and gradually exposes novices to complex problems. Given their limited experience, undergraduate students can potentially be quite overwhelmed by SCI learning tasks, which may result in misleading l...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.13748
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
