Abstract:
CONTEXT:The challenge of ensuring 'fair' selection processes confronts all medical schools around the globe. In the UK, historical analyses suggest applicants who are male, non-White, and from less advantaged socio-economic and school backgrounds have been less likely to be offered a place at medical school. We provide a contemporary population-based longitudinal analysis of the likelihood of receiving an offer to read medicine in the UK stratified by key socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS:We calculated the likelihood of receiving an offer among applicants to UK medical schools during 1996-2012, adjusted for sex, ethnicity, schooling, parental occupation, educational attainment and year of application. To investigate differences across time, models were fitted with interactions between application year and each of the other explanatory variables. RESULTS:There were 154 957 applicants, including 86 361 females (55.7%) and 68 596 males (44.3%). The majority of applicants were White (n = 94 519, 61.0%). The most common parental occupation category was higher managerial and professional (HMP) (n = 60 167, 38.8%) and 68 313 (44.1%) applicants came from grammar and independent schools. The likelihood of receiving an offer to study medicine varied three-fold across the study period, peaking in 2001 against the 1996 baseline (odds ratio [OR] 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78-3.11; p < 0.001). Throughout the study period, female applicants (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.24; p < 0.001), those from more advantaged family backgrounds (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.24-1.29; p < 0.001), and applicants who had attended independent or grammar schools (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.23-1.28; p < 0.001) were more likely to receive an offer. Compared with Asian, Black and Other ethnic groups, White applicants had a greater likelihood of receiving an offer, with ORs of 1.56 (95% CI 1.54-1.61), 2.33 (95% CI 2.17-2.50) and 1.45 (95% CI 1.39-1.51), respectively. Differences in odds between White and non-White applicants reduced slightly during the study period but the overall advantage for White applicants persisted. The advantage for female applicants diminished markedly from 2007 onward. There was no clear trend in the advantage for students from HMP families, but from 2005 onward the odds of success for applicants with grammar and independent school backgrounds increased. CONCLUSIONS:Despite efforts to make selection processes more equitable, our findings suggest that persistent advantages remain for some demographic factors.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Mathers J,Sitch A,Parry Jdoi
10.1111/medu.12981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
612-23issue
6eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One hundred and forty-six (93%) of the University of Wales College of Medicine intake of new students completed a personality questionnaire (Cattell 16PF) on registration in October 1988. The students were divided into four groups depending on their academic progress up to and including 2nd MB BCh. Whereas the majorit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00244.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific anxieties of 74 medical students beginning their clinical training were assessed by means of a questionnaire at the start of the clinical introductory course at St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London. Situations differed in the amount of anxiety that they engendered, and students also differed in the n...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00116.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a variation of the Dr Fox study, an educational specialist delivered a lecture in the first-year course on physiology. A highly expressive teaching style was used for content which was determined by physiology teachers. The aim was to determine whether students would note a difference. According to student evaluati...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00773.x
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Educational interventions may ultimately impact on patient care as well as affecting individuals' learning. Critical evaluation of educational literature by those involved in designing and developing educational interventions is therefore important. A checklist instrument for critically appraising reports of...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00479.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Portfolios are increasingly advocated in medical education. Qualitative studies have suggested their value in stimulating experiential learning, promoting deep learning and encouraging reflection. This study explored the use of educational portfolios in reflective learning by general practice (GP) registrars...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2004.01737.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the relationship between perceived family support and coping efficacy in premedical (i.e. prior to entering medical school) students, an understudied subset of undergraduate students who are particularly at risk for academia- related stress. The relationships between students' perceive...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03091.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study represents an initial evaluation of the first year (F1) of the Foundation Assessment Programme (FAP), in line with Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB) assessment principles. METHODS:Descriptive analyses were undertaken for total number of encounters, assessors and trainees, ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03249.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to clarify the goals of the clinical general practitioner attachment scheme at the University of Queensland. Emphasis was placed on comparing the aims of the academics, the general practitioner preceptors and the students. Prior to the 2-week attachments students selected a different set of g...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02392.x
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical students in Germany have to write a research thesis to acquire the title of medical doctor. This study evaluates the contribution of student research to the Medline-indexed publications of a German medical faculty. A 1993-1995 Medline-publication list, on which medical students among authors should be marked, ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00255.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Although work-based assessments (WBA) may come closest to assessing habitual performance, their use for summative purposes is not undisputed. Most criticism of WBA stems from approaches to validity consistent with the quantitative psychometric framework. However, there is increasing research evidence that indic...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12289
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to provide "horizontal" integration of related clinical subjects, a combined teaching course in community medicine, general practice, geriatric medicine and mental health has been devised. The course lasts 12 weeks and is divided between joint teaching of topics of common interest and clinical clerkships in i...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1982.tb01074.x
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Despite increasing numbers of publications, science often fails to significantly improve patient care. Clinician-scientists, professionals who combine care and research activities, play an important role in helping to solve this problem. However, despite the ascribed advantages of connecting scientific knowledg...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13241
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Understanding how students resolve professional conflict is essential to teaching and evaluating professionalism. The purpose of this study was to refine an existing coding structure of rationalizations of student behaviour, and to further our understanding of students' reasoning strategies in the face of perce...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01326.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In achieving a more effective use of resources in the National Health Service (NHS), the medical profession has a role to play by improving cost efficiency in clinical practice. This role implies that doctors should have some knowledge of medical costs. In order to determine the extent of this knowledge, sixty-seven h...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01150.x
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We placed anaesthesia teams into a stressful environment in order to explore interactions between members of different professional groups and to investigate their perspectives on the impact of these interactions on team performance. METHODS:Ten anaesthetists, 5 nurses and 5 trained anaesthetic assistants e...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02971.x
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::British medical school teachers of medical statistics aspire to teach statistical concepts without requiring medical students to undertake every statistical technique in the book. In the typical course of 20 to 30 hours, about 50 topics are taught, usually requiring the student to perform a technique. In a survey of c...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02686.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When training for junior doctors is being planned, little discussion is focused on what outcomes hospitals are trying to achieve with regard to education/training, i.e. on what makes the ideal hospital doctor. Instead, the primary focus is on the requirements of the syllabi of the Royal Colleges (credentiali...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system for administering multiple choice questions and for providing immediate feedback via microcomputer was designed and field-tested by three groups of paediatric residents. Only minor technical problems were encountered, and these can be resolved easily. Attitudes towards the system were strongly positive. Resid...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01279.x
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Educational programmes for family practice should develop family counselling skills of students to moderate levels of competence. Few specific training programmes are part of the regular curriculum and of these few are evaluated. Twenty-three residents enrolled in a 2-year family practice programme in Toronto, Canada ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02656.x
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Resources for medical education are becoming more constrained, whereas accountability in medical education is increasing. In this constrictive environment, medical schools need to consider and justify their selection procedures in terms of costs and benefits. To date, there have been no studies focusing on this...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13698
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The academic performance of 104 fourth-year medical students was assessed in relation to their sleep habits reported in a questionary and their scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Poorer academic performance was related significantly to later times of waking up in the morning, particularly at we...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1976.tb00432.x
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The long-term impact of faculty development programmes (FDPs) is poorly understood, and most assessments of them have been quantitative in nature. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to use qualitative methods to better understand the long-term impact of an FDP in teaching skills (FDP/TS). METHODS:A survey was carried...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02770.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical students' levels of anxiety under different conditions of stress were investigated, as well as the stability of anxiety ratings from one examination to another. After completing an end-of-term psychiatry examination, fourth-year medical students at Monash University were asked to score the Visual Analogue Scal...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1982.tb01259.x
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using a novel longitudinal tracking project, this study develops and evaluates the performance of a predictive model and index of rural medical practice intention based on the characteristics of incoming medical students. METHODS:Medical school entry survey data were obtained from the Medical Schools Outcom...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03506.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES:To describe the Computerized Obstetrics and Gynecology Automated Learning Anaalysis (KOALAtrade mark), a multicentre, Internet-based learning portfolio and to determine its effects on residents' perception of their self-directed learning abilities. METHODS:The KOALA programme allows residents to...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00571.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not education about the concept of uncertainty reduced variability in treatment decision-making. Three small groups of dentists in North York, Canada were asked to make restorative treatment decisions about simulated bitewing radiographs. They subsequently took...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00153.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the effectiveness of videotapes in teaching mental state examination, two groups of medical students, one who had received videotape teaching and one not exposed to videotapes, are compared in their ability to observe accurately the mental state during a live interview. Accuracy of observation was a...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb01442.x
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the context of movement towards mandatory continuing dental education, this paper describes how a delayed postal questionnaire can be used in course evaluation. Specifically, the value of the questionnaire as a tool for assessing the impact of short course attendance on general dental practice is examin...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00355.x
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The occupational health literature has long been dominated by stress-related topics. A more contemporary perspective suggests using a positive approach in the form of a health model focused on what is right with people, such as feelings of well-being and satisfaction. OBJECTIVES:Using a positive perspective an...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03985.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The view, background and motivation of providers of medical education was studied using a structured questionnaire which was sent to all those who organized courses for the Postgraduate Education Allowance in the West of Scotland. Two hundred and twenty-five replies were received from 254 course providers, giving an 8...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00300.x
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00