Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To consider the arguments for and against funding for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to explore potential avenues for policy change. DESIGN:Narrative literature review, policy analysis. SETTING:University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. PATIENT(S):Sub-fertile women and men. INTERVENTION(S):Fertility treatments, in particular IVF. RESULT(S):The two main arguments used against funding for IVF are that [1] subfertility is a social, not a medical problem, and therefore its treatment is not medically indicated or necessary, and [2] the clinical effectiveness of IVF is unproven. These and other major arguments are critiqued. CONCLUSION(S):Dismissing IVF as medically unnecessary seems premature because medical necessity has not been operationally defined. Demonstrating IVF effectiveness through a randomized trial has not been done but is feasible: a multicenter trial is currently underway in Canada. Dealing with the concern that subfertility treatment challenges the role of women in society, as well as with questions of cost-effectiveness, are more difficult challenges that deserve further debate. The potential for unethical uses and broader social implications of IVF add to its dubious status and provide a convenient rationale for refusing to pay. However, none of these concerns is unique to IVF: many currently covered health services are susceptible to the same criticisms. For all services, judgments of eligibility for coverage should be consistent and transparent and should explicitly separate the issues of cost from other factors.
journal_name
Fertil Steriljournal_title
Fertility and sterilityauthors
Hughes EG,Giacomini Mdoi
10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01928-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
431-42issue
3eissn
0015-0282issn
1556-5653pii
S0015-0282(01)01928-8journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and localization of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in women with and without endometriosis. DESIGN:Comparative immunohistochemical study. SETTING:Academic medical center. PATIENT(S):Ectopic (n = 24) and homologous eutopic endometrium (n = 24) f...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.067
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) have been measured in men complaining of infertility in comparison with men of proven fertility. Subgrouping of patients was achieved on the basis of the presence or abse...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46582-9
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the feasibility of studying exosomes directly from peritoneal fluid, we isolated exosomes from endometriosis patient samples and from controls, and characterized their cargo. DESIGN:Case-control experimental study. SETTING:Academic clinical center. PATIENT (S):Women with and without endometr...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.032
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine proteins aberrantly expressed in the ectopic endometrium compared with eutopic endometrium from the same patient. DESIGN:Experimental study. SETTING:Research institute and an obstetrics and gynecology clinic (National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health and Sanjeevani Diagnostic Center ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.048
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and their modulation by hypoxia in human peritoneal (NF) and adhesion fibroblasts (ADF). DESIGN:Prospective experimental study. SETTING:University medical center. PATIENT(S):Fibroblasts from peritoneum and adhesion tissues. INTERVENTION(S):Hypox...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1313
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of single subcutaneous doses (1, 5, 20, and 100 micrograms) of nafarelin, a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, on the physiologic events of the human menstrual cycle were studied in 28 normal women. Nafarelin entered the circulation rapidly after injection. Peak concentrations were observed within ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48432-3
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether antiphospholipid and related autoantibodies are associated with IVF implantation failure as well as with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. DESIGN:Prevalence study. SETTING:University teaching hospital and associated IVF unit. PATIENT(S):Patients with at least three consecutive first...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00312-4
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the 2004 Italian regulations (insemination of journal_title:Fertility and sterility pub_type: 杂志文章 doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.051 更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To report the case of a patient submitted to laparoscopic bowel resection in whom histology revealed endometriosis and schistosomiasis. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Multidisciplinary group practice and teaching hospital. PATIENT(S):A 31-year-old patient with pelvic pain. INTERVENTION(S):Laparoscopic bowel ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.068
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of low-dose aspirin on ovarian response, uterine and ovarian blood flow velocity, and implantation and pregnancy rates in patients undergoing IVF. DESIGN:Prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled assay. SETTING:Department of Reproductive Medicine, CER Medical Institut...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00088-6
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semen samples from 120 consecutive unselected men attending our fertility clinic were studied to determine the bacterial isolation rate of semen and its influence on semen quality. Each sample was cultured aerobically, anaerobically, and for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. The following were analyzed fo...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49105-3
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the parameters of mosaicism and the biological mechanisms leading to healthy pregnancies from mosaic embryo transfers. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:IVF center and associated research laboratory. PATIENT(S):Fifty-nine patients. INTERVENTION(S):Embryos underwent blastocyst-stage preimpla...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.019
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of luteal start vaginal micronized P in a recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cohort. DESIGN:Observational cohort study using prospectively collected data. SETTING:Not applicable. PATIENT(S):Women seen between 2004 and 2012 with a history of two or more unexplained pregnancy losses <...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.029
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some see an "alarming inconsistency" in candidate-screening practices of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs and call for common guidelines. However, reasonable people can disagree about who should be prevented from having children and why. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.028
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between female cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier status and in vitro fertilization (IVF) response and outcomes. The presence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in male carriers has been associated with infertility, yet possible adverse effects o...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1234
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether DNA fragmentation and/or mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) predict natural conception better than standard sperm parameters. DESIGN:Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING:University medical center. PATIENT(S):Eighty-five infertile and 51 fertile men. INTERVENTION(S):Assessment...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.11.037
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Midluteal phase corpora lutea (CL) obtained from women induced with 50 mg (n = 5), 100 mg (n = 5), and 150 mg (n = 5) of clomiphene citrate (CC) were measured for luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) concentrations and cytosol progesterone (P) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and compared...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the long-term outcome of patients who began IVF treatment by considering not only treatment outcome in the center but also the parenthood project outcome after discontinuation of unsuccessful IVF. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort follow-up study. SETTING:Two French IVF centers. PATIENT(S):Seven hundr...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.067
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To correlate histology with endometriosis characteristics. DESIGN:Secondary data analysis. SETTING:Government research hospital. PATIENT(S):One hundred thirty-three women with chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery between 1999 and 2004. INTERVENTION(S):Laparoscopic excis...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.042
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the concentrations of angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and ANGPT2 in individual human preovulatory follicles in relation to their diameter or volume to clarify the role of these molecules in folliculogenesis. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Research laboratory at Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japa...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.031
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tubal reconstructive surgery has fewer indications in the era of assisted reproductive technologies than in the past, but is still appropriate and effective treatment for properly selected individuals. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.055
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study single sperm boar motility using electrical impedance measurements in a microfluidic system. DESIGN:Comparison of the optical data and electrical impedance data. SETTING:Research laboratory at a university. ANIMAL(S):Boar semen sample were used. INTERVENTION(S):A microfluidic system is developed ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.008
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specialist training in reproductive medicine within Europe continues to evolve. Recent revisions, updates, and initiatives have helped to refine the core educational needs for the specialist trainee. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.025
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Turner syndrome (TS), which affects approximately 1 in 2,500 live-born females, is characterized by loss or structural anomalies of an X chromosome. Clinical features vary among patients; multiple organ systems can be affected. Endocrinologists are involved in the management of short stature, delayed puberty, and infe...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1104
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of daily 81 mg low-dose aspirin (LDA) on menstrual cycle length and hormone profiles. DESIGN:Secondary analysis of a trial evaluating the effect of daily LDA or placebo on live birth among women with one or two previous pregnancy losses. SETTING:University medical centers. PATIENT(S)...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.022
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of Diane 35 (2 mg of cyproterone acetate, and 35 microg of ethinyl estradiol) plus finasteride (5 mg), and Diane 35 alone in the treatment of hirsutism. DESIGN:Prospective randomized clinical study. SETTING:Outpatients in Erciyes University Medi...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01764-7
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment of anti-phospholipid antibodies (APA) is not indicated among couples undergoing IVF, and therapy is not justified on the basis of existing data. ...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.100
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine inhibin-B concentrations during ovarian reserve screening in women with normal and diminished ovarian reserve as determined by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. DESIGN:Retrospective. SETTING:Tertiary fertility center. PATIENT(S):Women undergoing ovarian reserve screening for a routine fer...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00531-1
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To confirm the advantages of goserelin prior to endometrial ablation for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. DESIGN:Multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind study. PATIENT(S):Cycling premenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. TREATMENT:Patients were randomized to gosere...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with crossover, using tamoxifen (TAM) (Nolvadex, ici Pharma, Missisauga, Canada) 20 mg/day and placebo (p) for 6 months each, was conducted in 16 infertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. Baseline sperm count was 17.092 +/- 3.09 (10(6)/ml). Hormonal profile was perfor...
journal_title:Fertility and sterility
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59299-1
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00