Abstract:
:Recent anatomical and physiological studies have suggested that parts of the cingulate cortex are involved in the control of movement. These areas have been collectively termed the cingulate motor area (CMA). Currently almost nothing is known, however, about how neurons in the CMA actually participate in the control of movement. Therefore, we investigated the role of cells in the dorsal and ventral banks of the CMA (CMAd and CMAv, respectively) in the preparation and execution of visually guided arm movements. We recorded the activity of neurons while a monkey performed a visually guided, two-dimensional instructed delay task. A monkey was required to operate a joystick that moved a cursor from a centrally located hold target to one of four peripheral targets. Neurons were classified as exhibiting preparatory activity if the neural discharge during the postinstruction delay period was significantly higher than the preinstruction activity. Neurons were classified as exhibiting movement activity if the neural discharge was significantly elevated around the time of the movement. Of the 115 task-related neurons studied, 18 (16%) exhibited only preparatory activity, 48 (42%) exhibited only movement activity, and 49 (43%) exhibited both preparatory and movement activity. Neurons were further classified in terms of their directional tuning. For 51% of neurons with preparatory activity, that activity was directional. A significantly larger proportion of movement-related activity was directional (78%). For neurons with both directional preparatory and movement activity, the preferred directions were highly correlated (r=0.83). The median onset of movement activity was 10 ms before the beginning of movement (range -200 to 200 ms). The patterns and directionality of task-related activity of CMA neurons observed in this study are similar to those previously reported for other cortical motor areas. Together, these data provide preliminary evidence that neurons in CMAd and CMAv play a role in both the preparation and execution of visually guided arm movements.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Backus DA,Ye S,Russo GS,Crutcher MDdoi
10.1007/s002210100807keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
182-9issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In this study, we investigated the effects of ginkgolides (Gins A, B, C and J), the main constituent of the non-flavone fraction of EGb 761, on hypoxic injury induced by potassium cyanide (KCN) in primary cortical neurons. The neurons were pretreated with or without ginkgolides for 24 h before incubation with KCN for ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0823-x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the function of the brain activity underlying the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) event-related potential (ERP) component. Snowflake patterns (complex stimuli) were presented as deviants and oblique bar patterns (simple stimuli) as standards, and vice versa in a passive oddball paradig...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05494-2
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The moment production by several fingers on a mechanically fixed vertically oriented handle was studied under the systematic variations of task parameters such as (a) moment magnitude (1.0 Nm and 2.0 Nm) and (b) direction of moment production (into pronation and supination), as well as (c) vertical position of the han...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1859-4
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nociceptive suppression of tonic voluntary electromyographic (EMG) activity in human hand muscles (cutaneous silent period, CSP) is in its functional organization consistent with a spinal protective reflex. Motoneuronal excitability and its modulation may also be investigated by conditioned motor evoked potentials (ME...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1372-2
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both a neuropsychological syndrome (unilateral spatial neglect) and a visual illusion of length (the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion) bring about a misjudgement of the subjective centre of a horizontal line, with a unilateral shift. In experiment 1 we investigated, in patients with left unilateral neglect...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1034-8
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to function properly, namely to ensure a stable retinal image under all circumstances, it should be able to take into account varying eye positions in the orbit and varying orientations of the head with respect to the axis about which it is rotating. We tested this capability by q...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238215
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of the clasp-knife reflex were studied in the soleus muscle of an animal model, the decerebrate cat with a dorsal hemisection of the lower thoracic cord. The reflex is shown to be autogenetic, and to depend on muscle length in keeping with previous suggestions. However, the magnitude of the inhibition i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01474257
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived postural stability has been reported to decrease as sway area increases on firm surfaces. However, changes in perceived stability under increasingly challenging conditions (e.g., removal of sensory inputs) and the relationship with sway area are not well characterized. Moreover, whether perceived stability v...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5458-1
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The afternystagmus that occurs in the dark after gaze fixation during optokinetic stimulation is directed in the opposite direction relative to the previous optokinetic stimulus. The mechanism responsible for such afternystagmus after suppression of optokinetic nystagmus (ASOKN) is unclear. Several hypotheses have bee...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3971-4
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Realistic appearance and complexity in the visual field are known to affect the strength of vection (visually induced self-motion perception). Although surface properties of materials are, therefore, expected to be visual features that influence vection, to date, the results have been mixed. Here, we used computer gra...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05620-0
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our perception of the vertical depends on allocentric information about the visual surrounds, egocentric information about the own body axis and gravicentric information about the pull of gravity. Previous work has documented that some individuals rely strongly on allocentric information, while others do not, and the ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4526-z
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential pulse voltammetry was performed in rats chronically implanted with carbon fiber electrodes in the caudate (n.Cd) and raphe dorsalis (n.RD) nuclei. The electrochemical signal obtained at the +300 mV potential (peak 3) in animals implanted for more than one week (long term chronic conditions, greater than 7...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00340496
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth pursuit eye movement system uses retinal information about the image-slip-velocity of the target in order to match the eye-velocity-in-space (i.e., gaze-velocity) to the actual target velocity. To maintain the target image on the fovea during smooth gaze tracking, and to compensate for the long delays invol...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1088-7
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The task of sliding a nut from a rod has been used to study manual slowing in old age (Smith et al. in Neurology 53:1458-1461, 1999; Neurobiol Aging 26:883-890, 2005). In this experiment, we sought to determine if the age-related slowing in this task occurs with losses of motor precision, as indicated by the forces ex...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2030-z
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports of spatial interactions between current and upcoming elements in a movement sequence could be due to intentional planning of a "global" action sequence (i.e., strategic effects), or to unintentional motor planning arising from merely paying attention to upcoming target objects (i.e., interference effects). The...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4511-6
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal goal of our study is to gain an insight into the representation of peripersonal space. Two different experiments were conducted in this study. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to represent principal anatomical reference planes by drawing ellipses in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0121-z
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study explores the bottom-up attentional consequences of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals studied words (Experiment 1) or pictures (Experiment 2) presented on the left or on the right of the screen. They then viewed studied and new stimuli in the centre of the screen. One-second after the appearance of each ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1548-9
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single neurons in the auditory cortex of anesthetized cats were examined quantitatively for their sensitivity to the sound pressure level of characteristic frequency (CF) tone pulses, and to 6 dB, linear modulations in the amplitude of a continuous CF carrier tone. The direction and rate of amplitude modulation (AM), ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247281
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smooth eye pursuit is believed to involve the integration of an extraretinal signal formed by an internal representation of the moving target and a retinal signal using the visual feedback to evaluate performance. A variation of the smooth eye pursuit paradigm (in which the moving target is occluded for a short period...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2887-5
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been demonstrated that Pre-I neurons, localized in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, are important in the generation of the primary respiratory rhythm in brainstem-spinal cord preparations from newborn rats. To investigate whether or not Pre-I neurons have endogenous pacemaker properties, we examine...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248909
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased afferent input may alter receptive field sizes, properties and somatotopographic representation in the cortex. Changes in the motor thalamus may also occur as a result of altered afferent input. Such plasticity has been implicated in both sensory and movement disorders. Using tremor as a model of augmented a...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1399-3
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has the most diverse set of receptors in comparison with any other neurotransmitter or hormone in the body. To date, seven families of 5-HT receptors have been characterized. A great number of studies have been published regarding the role of 5-HT and its receptors in seizures. However, with...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3757-0
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated anatomical and physiological properties of the projection from the pretectal nuclear complex (PNC) to the ipsilateral lateral posterior-pulvinar complex in the cat. After Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injections into the PNC, the majority (70%) of anterogradely labeled terminals was localized in t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100738
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of food intake is very important for health. It has been reported that people have decreased appetite at high altitude (HA). The current study recruited long-term HA residents to participate in an fMRI experiment which involved food craving. Result shows that the HA group showed decreased activation in the ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2516-8
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tactile motion perception is one of the most important functions for realizing a delicate appreciation of the tactile world. To explore the neural dynamics of motion processing in the brain, the motion adaptation phenomenon can be a useful probe. Tactile motion aftereffects (MAE), however, have not been reported in a ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0979-z
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We explored whether the synergic control of the hand during multi-finger force production tasks depends on the hand muscles involved. Healthy subjects performed accurate force production tasks and targeted force pulses while pressing against loops positioned at the level of fingertips, middle phalanges, and proximal p...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5231-5
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth pursuit system moves the eyes in space accurately while compensating for visual inputs from the moving background and/or vestibular inputs during head movements. To understand the mechanisms underlying such interactions, we examined the influence of a stationary textured visual background on smooth pursuit ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1367-3
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study exploited the alterations in pedal speed and joints kinematics elicited by changing crank length (CL) to test how altered task mechanics during cycling will modulate the muscle activation characteristics in human rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris long head (BF), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA). Ki...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1561-y
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using different tracer substances the pathways connecting the superior colliculus with the diencephalon were studied in the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi), a nocturnal insectivore with tiny eyes, a small and little differentiated superior colliculus and a visual cortex with no obvious fourth granular l...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228725
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlations between pairs of spontaneous climbing fiber responses (CFRs) recorded from couples of nearby Purkinje cells (PCs) were studied in immature rats by using cross-correlograms between CFR pairs, and compaired to those in adult animals. Correlations were found as early as day 3. Some days later, on PN days 7--...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236821
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00