LLU-alpha, an endogenous metabolite of gamma-tocopherol, is more effective against metal nephrotoxicity in rats than gamma-tocopherol.

abstract：:Troglitazone (Tro) is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug that was withdrawn from the market due to its association with idiosyncratic severe liver injury. Tro has never induced liver injury in experimental animals in vivo. It was assumed that the species differences between human and experimental animals in the pha...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kakuni M,Morita M,Matsuo K,Katoh Y,Nakajima M,Tateno C,Yokoi T

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A direct continuous spectrophotometric assay to measure pyrethroid-cleaving enzymes in human serum was developed using cis- and trans-alpha-naphthyl-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (cis- and trans-naphthyl-Cl2CA). These substrates show a structure very similar to the pyrethroids most often use...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Butte W,Kemper K

更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of the twenty first century has provoked a substantial rise in the use of designer drugs, such as synthetic cathinones, because of a decrease in the availability and purity of other drugs of abuse. The khat plant or Catha edulis, contains cathinone, the parent compound. Synthetic cathinones are sold under th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Katz DP,Bhattacharya D,Bhattacharya S,Deruiter J,Clark CR,Suppiramaniam V,Dhanasekaran M

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Fenvalerate (Fen), widely used for its high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity, is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Recently, Fen has received great attention for its adverse effects on human reproductive health. In this study, we found that Fen (10 microM) had a stimulatory effect on the g...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao X,Yu L,Castro L,Moore AB,Hermon T,Bortner C,Sifre M,Dixon D

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Fine particles with a diameter <2.5 microm (PM2.5) have an important role in triggering biological responses. These particles, and particularly the ultrafine fraction (<100 nm) penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract. Recently, we...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nemmar A,Hoylaerts MF,Hoet PH,Nemery B

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute toxicity of organothiophosphate insecticides like parathion results from their metabolic activation by cytochromes P450. The present study is directed towards the characterization of cytochrome-P450-dependent metabolism of parathion by various mouse brain regions. Intraperitoneal administration of [35S]parat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Soranno TM,Sultatos LG

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP; 2%) to male rats caused testicular atrophy. Serum non-esterified fatty acid increased while cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid decreased in treated rats. Testicular concentration of cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid increased in DEHP-treated ra...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Oishi S

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron is a unique poison because it is not a xenobiotic. It is an essential element and highly reactive. Because of the critical dependence upon iron and its potential to damage tissues, elaborate mechanisms have evolved for its efficient absorption, transport, cellular uptake, storage and conservation. These are incom...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tenenbein M

更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral effects of concurrent maternal exposure to restraint stress and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were assessed in the offspring of mice at 3 months of age. Plug positive females were divided into two groups. Animals were given by gavage 0 and 6mg PFOS/kg/day on gestation days 12-18. One-half of the anim...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fuentes S,Colomina MT,Vicens P,Domingo JL

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium-binding proteins (CdBPs) in the cytosol fractions from several organs of man orally exposed to cadmium (Cd) were examined by gel chromatography. In kidney and liver most of the cadmium (76-87%) in the cytosols was bound to metallothionein, and hepatic metallothionein contained zinc also at a similar level. The...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sato M,Takizawa Y

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) on lymphocytes. FA-exposed mice showed a profound reduction not only in the number of natural killer (NK) cells but also in the expression of NK cell-specific receptors, but these mice did not exhibit decreases in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes. FA exposure...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kim EM,Lee HY,Lee EH,Lee KM,Park M,Ji KY,Jang JH,Jeong YH,Lee KH,Yoon IJ,Kim SM,Jeong MJ,Kim KD,Kang HS

更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The oocyte of the African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) offers a reliable, sensitive and disease resistant system to investigate recombinantly and endogenously expressed Ca2+ signaling G protein-coupled receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways. 2. To study receptor induced Ca2+ release, two-electrode vol...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nietgen GW,Hönemann CW,Durieux ME

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Styrene oxide, a metabolite of styrene, reacts with many centres in nucleosides but in DNA N-7-, N2- and O6-guanine are the main sites. A 32P-postlabelling method was developed for the detection of O6-styrene oxide DNA adducts from white blood cells. The method involved use of nuclease P1 and magnet transfer. The O6 a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hemminki K,Vodicka P

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many industrially and environmentally important industrial carcinogens display effects that lead them to be viewed and regulated as 'genotoxic compounds'. Some of these chemicals cause experimental tumours only at high or toxic doses. The current view is that non-threshold principles should be applied for risk assessm...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bolt HM

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress has been pointed as an important molecular mechanism for liver injury in methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning. Ebselen, a seleno-organic compound that possesses anti-oxidant properties, is a useful therapeutic agent used in clinical situations involving oxidative stress. Here, we examined the possible in vi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Farina M,Soares FA,Zeni G,Souza DO,Rocha JB

更新日期：2004-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts testosterone and insulin-like three hormones resulting in malformations of androgen- and insulin-like three-dependent tissues. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that gubernacular lesions would be more prevalent in the DEHP-treated ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wilson VS,Howdeshell KL,Lambright CS,Furr J,Earl Gray L Jr

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Syrian golden hamsters are much more susceptible than Wistar rats to the induction of tracheal tumors by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). In order to investigate whether this difference is reflected in the pattern of DNA-adduct induction and removal, tracheas from either species were isolated and exposed to BP (5 micrograms/ml) i...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Roggeband R,Wolterbeek AP,van den Berg PT,Baan RA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This work studies the potential subacute toxicological effects of the aqueous extract of Baccharis genistelloides (AEBg) and demonstrates a new anti-arthritic therapeutic effect. The treatment of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group with 4.2 mg/kg AEBg induced an important decrease (75%) in CIA severity in all a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Coelho MG,Reis PA,Gava VB,Marques PR,Gayer CR,Laranja GA,Felzenswalb I,Sabino KC

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In present study, we compared for the first time the cytotoxicities of the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells HPAEpiC. Moreover, we examined the effects of each PAH on oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, and ROS), cell viability, extracellular LDH, and apoptosis. T...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ke S,Liu Q,Yao Y,Zhang X,Sui G

更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichothecenes are mycotoxins which produce lethal toxicosis in humans and animals, yet no adequate therapeutic regimen has been developed. This study provides evidence that the selective platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 52021 (5-15 mg/kg i.v.) can prolong the survival of conscious rats exposed to a hig...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Feuerstein G,Leader P,Siren AL,Braquet P

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Soman is a highly toxic organophosphorus chemical warfare compound that binds rapidly and irreversibility to a variety of serine active enzymes, i.e., butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterases and carboxylesterase. The in vivo toxicity of soman has been reported to vary significantly in different animal species, such as rat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lenz DE,Cerasoli D,Maxwell DM

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impairments induced by sublethal doses of two pesticides Carbaryl and Endosulfan have been studied on the ovaries of a freshwater teleost Channa striatus by exposing the fish for a period of 2 to 30 days during the spawning season. The pesticide exposure produced reduction in the number of oocytes, reduction in size a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kulshrestha SK,Arora N

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (Tco) were monitored in unanesthetized, unrestrained adult Sprague-Dawley rats following intraperitoneal administration of 0, 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg of the pesticide chlordimeform (CDM). Significant non-dose-related decreases were observed in both HR and Tco in all treated groups...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Watkinson WP,Gordon CJ

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colon cancer evolves from a progressive inhibition of apoptosis and is influenced strongly by diet. Among dietary factors, butyrate (derived from fermentable fibers) may have utility as a chemopreventive agent because of its ability to promote apoptosis. Because CD95 (APO-1/Fas) transduces signals resulting in apoptos...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chapkin RS,Fan Y,Lupton JR

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of zinc (Zn) toxicity are incompletely understood and data regarding potential endocrine alterations in Zn toxicity are scarce. To examine mechanisms of Zn toxicity, day-old chicks were pair-fed diets containing 5280 ppm (Hz) or 73 ppm (CON) Zn. Impaired postnatal growth, independent of feed consumption, an...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Dean CE,Hargis BM,Hargis PS

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (acetylDON) and zearalenone (Ze) were examined for their in vitro effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis using rat or human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A dose-dependent reduction of lymphocyte proliferation was demonstrated for each mycotoxin. However, t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Atkinson HA,Miller K

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of intra- and extracellular calcium in the activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to produce reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were studied by using soluble, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or particulate stimuli, quartz or chrysotile. A calciu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ruotsalainen M,Naarala J,Savolainen KM

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine was measured in patients with 'itai-itai' disease, from chronically advanced cadmium poisoning. Elevation of NAG activity, however, was not so marked as that of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in the urine of patients and suspected patients. We conclude that the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nogawa K,Yamada Y,Honda R,Tsuritani I,Ishizaki M,Sakamoto M

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensitivity to chemicals is a toxicological concept, contained in the dose-response relationship. Sensitivity also includes the concept of hypersensitivity, although controversy surrounds the nature of effects from very low exposures. The term multiple chemical sensitivity has been used to describe individuals with a ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Winder C

更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Diclofenac is a widely prescribed NSAID that causes severe idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (IDILI) in a small part of the patient population. Formation of protein-reactive metabolites is considered to play a role in the development of diclofenac-induced IDILI. Therefore, a high hepatic activity of enzymes invo...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： den Braver MW,Zhang Y,Venkataraman H,Vermeulen NP,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2016-07-25 00:00:00