Abstract:
:The subdermal contraceptive implant etonogestrel (Implanon; NV Organon International, Oss, The Netherlands) exerts complex effects on the endometrium. These include direct effects on the endometrium through endometrial progestin target sites, and indirect effects through suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The resulting effects are categorized by alterations in endometrial histology, endometrial thickness, dysmenorrhoea and menstrual bleeding pattern. The exact mechanism of action of progestins on the endometrium has not been determined. The contraceptive effect in Implanon users is mainly due to inhibition of ovulation. Current research is concentrating on the potential of the progestin implant to modify endometrial vascular, angiogenic, steroid receptor and proto-oncogene function. These processes may be involved in the causation of progestin-induced breakthrough bleeding.
journal_name
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecologyauthors
Varma R,Mascarenhas Ldoi
10.1097/00001703-200106000-00015keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
335-41issue
3eissn
1040-872Xissn
1473-656Xjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This paper reviews psychologic aspects of sexual abuse in female adolescents. It documents that sexual abuse is widespread, occurring at an alarming rate at all socioeconomic levels of society. It is perpetrated principally by adult men in the victim's family. Often its effects are tragic. Adolescent female sexual abu...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1991, the abortion literature was characterized by articles relating to 1) epidemiologic issues in abortion care, 2) advances in knowledge and experience with medical abortifacients such as mifepristone (RU 486), and 3) cervical ripening prior to abortion with the use of both mifepristone and prostaglandins. Techni...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Apart from histopathology, electrophysiological methods are the only tests to reveal neuromuscular involvement in the absence of gross anatomical lesions. They have played a major role in establishing the neuromuscular lesion due to vaginal delivery as a risk factor for incontinence and pelvic organ p...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-200210000-00012
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specialized fetal echocardiography at 18 to 22 weeks for high-risk groups is well established as being sensitive and specific for most cardiac abnormalities. Early fetal echocardiography (< 16(+0) weeks, i.e. 16 weeks and 0 days) is a feasible alternative to mid second trimester scanning for families at risk of congen...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-200104000-00010
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Much attention has been paid to the role of immunology in reproductive success or failure. Every step in the establishment of normal pregnancy has been implicated as a possible site of immune-mediated reproductive failure. The widespread testing of antiphospholipid, antinuclear, antithyroid, and antis...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-200306000-00003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Laparoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis but the need for visual evidence of the disease is a major stumbling-block for both effective clinical management of affected patients as well as for research into this common and debilitating reproductive disease. Laparoscopy is inva...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-200312000-00011
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Understanding the cause of tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) remains incomplete. We aim to summarize the latest advances in laboratory models of tEP that we believe will, ultimately, contribute to improving the diagnosis and management of the condition. RECENT FINDINGS:Progress in proteome prefractionati...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283481212
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review minimally invasive modifications of traditional surgeries for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in light of increased demand. RECENT FINDINGS:Prior to the synthetic mid-urethral sling (MUS), traditional procedures were used to correct SUI. Often these were retropubic colposuspension ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000579
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few randomized studies have addressed the best choice of adjuvant radiation therapy after surgery for stage I endometrial cancer. Although whole pelvic radiation decreases the incidence of pelvic and vaginal cancer recurrence, there is no convincing evidence that it improves survival in women who have been completely ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-200202000-00012
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review discusses studies documenting an increase in birth rate associated with in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer. The results of zygote intrafallopian transfer are also encouraging. The rates of chromosomal and congenital abnormalities in assisted reproduction are similar to the rates at w...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Growth hormone (GH) has been used as an adjunct in ovulation induction and IVF for 25 years, particularly as an adjunct to ovarian stimulation for women who had a previous poor response to stimulation in an IVF cycle. It does not have US Food and Drug Administration approval for this use. Unfortunatel...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000360
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The value of directed management based on contemporary fetal assessment techniques in the high-risk pregnancy is undisputed. Whether such benefits are evident in the low-risk pregnancy is now an issue of considerable clinical and economic importance. Recent literature suggests that extension of fetal surveillance to t...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-199512000-00011
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through the study of naturally occurring mutations in humans, the creation of mutations by site-directed mutagenesis, and the production of transgenic knockout mice, further understanding of molecular reproductive endocrinology had been achieved. Mutations in the aromatase gene in females have confirmed that its defic...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the current role of radiation therapy and specific types of radiation therapy used in the management of early stage, locoregionally advanced, and metastatic breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS:The role of radiation therapy in the management of breast cancer has not changed in recent decades, h...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3283425401
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In the past 10 years, clinicians have become more suspect regarding thromboembolic events and potential thrombosis in children at risk. Although adolescents are not typically considered to be a high-risk group, they are the main seekers of contraception in our society today, thereby placing them at so...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e32830ab83f
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The prevention of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer frequently involves hormonal or surgical interventions. Each of these may have noncancerous sequelae and can affect quality of life in women with hereditary cancer syndromes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the medical management of hor...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000146
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for approximately 20% of mammographically diagnosed breast cancers. Currently, there is a trend to consider DCIS as a lesion for which treatment deescalation is advocated to avoid overtreatment, that is, radiotherapy in addition to breast-conserving surgery or ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000237
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 2-3% of cervical smears will be reported as showing low-grade changes. Many of these smears are in fact associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requiring treatment, but a significant number will be associated with an absence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, where surveillance ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although cervical cytology screening programs have dramatically decreased rates of invasive cancer in developed countries, most guidelines in the USA were overaggressive in their management of abnormal cytology in adolescents and young women. These management strategies resulted in costly over-treatme...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000179665.90778.f7
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the latest developments in screening and diagnosis of non-chromosomal genetic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS:Major recent advances include the completion of the Human Genome Project, the use of microarray and related technologies for mass screening and diagnosis of thousands of genetic abnormali...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000162187.99219.e0
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virilization occurring in the postmenopausal woman may be either adrenal or ovarian in origin. We describe the case of a 74-year-old postmenopausal woman with severe virilization and a serum testosterone level elevated into the male range who was found to have a non-malignant aetiology for her condition. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients continues to increase, and more patients become adults with a chronic disease, researching the impact of the disorder on male and female infertility has become increasingly important. Studies suggest that the prevalence of CF mutations may be hig...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e32835f1745
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the causes, mechanisms, and prenatal management of fetal obstructive uropathy has increased significantly. Improved methods of prenatal evaluation have allowed the better selection of fetuses for invasive therapy, and studies indicate better survival and renal outcomes in carefully selected cases....
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-199904000-00011
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most important papers address controversial aspects of fetal cardiology, for example, screening for congenital heart disease (CHD), the diagnosis and the accuracy of diagnosis, and the management of fetal tachycardias. There are some interesting additions to the literature although some conclusions require further...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide clinicians with a review of recent research and clinically applicable tools regarding teen pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS:Teen pregnancy rates have declined but still remain a significant problem in the USA. Teen pregnancy prevention was identified by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000102
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights the complexity of caring for gynecologic patients who refuse blood transfusion and discusses the importance of early, targeted perioperative and intraoperative medical optimization. We review alternative interventions and the importance of medical management to minimize blood lo...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000558
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past year much effort has been focused on defining the DNA content of gestational trophoblastic tumors. Flow cytometric and image analysis studies of molar pregnancies confirmed that the majority of partial hydatidiform moles were triploid, and, as expected, most complete hydatidiform moles were diploid or ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in perinatal and neonatal health care over the past few decades have resulted in a substantial reduction in perinatal mortality. Some of this improvement has been attributed to antepartum fetal surveillance techniques. The primary objective of antepartum fetal surveillance techniques is to avoid fetal deaths....
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromodulation is one option for the management of a wide variety of lower urinary tract disorders, including non-neuropathic and neuropathic bladder dysfunctions. The mechanisms of action of the reported techniques remain unclear; urodynamic changes are minimal, but symptomatic improvements are common. Although the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-199810000-00010
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasing number of diseases in child and adult life are now thought to have their origins in the fetal period. Central to this predisposition is restriction of fetal growth. During the period reviewed in this article, the associations between adult hypertension and low birthweight were confirmed, and numerous stu...
journal_title:Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001703-199804000-00011
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00