Abstract:
:This study examines the intrinsic fitness burden associated with RNA polymerase (rpoB) mutations conferring rifampin resistance in Escherichia coli K12 (MG1655) and explores the nature of adaptation to the costs of resistance. Among 28 independent Rif(r) mutants, the per-generation fitness burden (in the absence of rifampin) ranged from 0 to 28%, with a median of 6.4%. We detected no relationship between the magnitude of the cost and the level of resistance. Adaptation to the costs of rif resistance was studied by following serial transfer cultures for several Rif(r) mutants both in the presence of rifampin and in the absence. For cultures evolved in the absence of rifampin, single clones isolated after 200 generations were more fit than their ancestor; we saw no association between increased fitness and changes in the level of rifampin resistance; and in all cases, increased fitness was due to compensatory mutations, rather than to reversion to drug sensitivity. However, in the parallel evolution experiments in the presence of rifampin, overall levels of resistance increased as did relative fitness-for all strains save one that had an initially high level of resistance. Among the evolved clones tested, five (of seven) demonstrated increased transcription efficiency (assessed using a semiquantitative RT-PCR protocol). The implications of these results for our understanding of adaptive molecular evolution and the increasing clinical problem of antibiotic resistance are discussed.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Reynolds MGkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-12-01 00:00:00pages
1471-81issue
4eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631journal_volume
156pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract::Ribosome biogenesis is tightly regulated through stress-sensing pathways that impact genome stability, aging and senescence. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ribosomal RNAs are transcribed from rDNA located on the right arm of chromosome XII. Numerous studies reveal that rDNA decondenses into a puff-like structure during ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302994
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial genome of Neurospora is usually found in a single covalently closed circular 62-kbp DNA molecule. We report here that the mitochondrial genome of a phenotypic revertant of a stopper mutant (stp-ruv) is contained primarily in two separate, nonoverlapping, autonomously replicating circular chromosomes....
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association mapping is a popular method for using natural variation within a species to generate a genotype-phenotype map. Statistical association between an allele at a locus and the trait in question is used as evidence that variation at the locus is responsible for variation of the trait. Indirect assoc...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.110.121665
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomeric restriction fragments were genetically mapped to a previously described linkage map of Magnaporthe grisea, using RFLPs identified by a synthetic probe. (TTAGGG)3. Frequent rearrangement of telomeric sequences was observed in progeny isolates creating a potential for misinterpretation of data. Therefore a con...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isozymic patterns of tyrosine aminotransferase, NADP malate dehydrogenase, NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase, and tetrazolium oxidase were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. The genetics of the alleles controlling these enzymes was studied through a breeding program. Each enzym...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Centromeres control chromosome inheritance in eukaryotes, yet their DNA structure and primary sequence are hypervariable. Most animals and plants have megabases of tandem repeats at their centromeres, unlike yeast with unique centromere sequences. Centromere function requires the centromere-specific histone CENH3 (CEN...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.110.120337
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces regression procedures for prediction of total genetic value for quantitative traits, which make use of phenotypic and genomic data simultaneously, are discussed from a theoretical perspective. It is argued that a nonparametric treatment may be needed for capturing the multiple and com...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.107.084285
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new suppressor of +1 frameshift mutations has been isolated in Salmonella typhimurium. This suppressor, sufJ, maps at minute 89 on the Salmonella genetic map between the argH and rpo(rif) loci, closely linked to the gene for the ochre suppressor tyrU(supM). The suppressor mutation is dominant to its wild-type allele...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maize r locus encodes a transcription factor that regulates the developmental expression of the plant pigment anthocyanin. In an unusual example of gene regulatory diversity, the R-sc (Sc, strong seed color) and the R-p (P, plant color) alleles of r have nonoverlapping tissue specificity and nonhomologous 5' flank...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The infinite-sites model with no recombination is extended to include mutations that affect electrophoretic mobility. The model allows the effect of a single-site mutation to have a continuous effect on mobility. Formulae are obtained for the variance of electrophoretic mobility of alleles after an arbitrary lenght of...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been several attempts to estimate the average dominance (ratio of heterozygous to homozygous effects) of spontaneous deleterious mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, but these have given inconsistent results. We investigated whether transposable element (TE) insertions have higher average dominance for egg...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous loci in host organisms are involved in parasite recognition, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates or genes involved in gene-for-gene (GFG) relationships in plants. Diversity is commonly observed at such loci and at corresponding loci encoding antigenic molecules in parasites. Mu...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.107.074393
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterized the MPH1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mph1 mutants display a spontaneous mutator phenotype. Homologs were found in archaea and in the EST libraries of Drosophila, mouse, and man. Mph1 carries the signature motifs of the DEAH family of helicases. Selected motifs were shown to be necessary f...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in our biosphere, characterized by their hyperplasticity, mosaic composition, and the many unknown functions (ORFans) encoded by their immense genetic repertoire. These genes are potentially maintained by the bacteriophage to allow efficient propagation on hosts...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135640
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::bld2-1 mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains assemble basal bodies with singlet microtubules; bld2-1 cells display flagellar assembly defects as well as positioning defects of the mitotic spindle and cleavage furrow. To further understand the role of the BLD2 gene, we have isolated three new bld2 alleles and three ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::I report a framework for assessing whether one mitochondrial genome is significantly more rearranged than another. This relative rate of gene rearrangement test (RGR) behaves according to expectation, distinguishing between highly rearranged and mildly rearranged insect mitochondrial genomes. It may be more broadly ap...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.103.024885
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene mapping studies to determine the order of alpha- and beta-interferon (Ifa, Ifb), aminolevulinate dehydratase (Lv), and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein-1 and -2 (Orm-1, Orm-2) relative to each other and to the reference genes brown (b), B-cell maturation factor responsiveness (Bmfr-1), and major urinary protein-1 (Mup-1...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretically, one of the most general benefits of sex is given by its function in facilitating selection against deleterious mutations. This advantage of sex may be deterministic if deleterious mutations affect the fitness of an individual in a synergistic way, i.e., if mutations increase each others' negative fitnes...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Caenorhabditis elegans gene gld-1 is essential for oocyte development; in gld-1 (null) hermaphrodites, a tumor forms where oogenesis would normally occur. We use genetic epistasis analysis to demonstrate that tumor formation is dependent on the sexual fate of the germline. When the germline sex determination pathw...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shibire locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes dynamin, a GTPase required for the fission of endocytic vesicles from plasma membrane. Biochemical studies indicate that mammalian dynamin is part of a complex containing multiple dynamin subunits and other polypeptides. To gain insight into sequences of dynamin cri...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling by the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is thought to affect several developmental and physiological processes. Mutants in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (itpr) gene of Drosophila exhibit delays in molting while stronger alleles are also larval lethal. In a freshly generated set of EM...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.166.1.225
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The MITF protein is a member of the MYC family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factors and is most closely related to the TFE3, TFEC, and TFEB proteins. In the mouse, MITF is required for the development of several different cell types, including the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) c...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.167.1.233
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The timing of lethality caused by homozygosity for a null allele of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfrtm1Mag) in mice is strongly dependent on genetic background. Initial attempts to genetically map background modifiers using Swiss-derived, outbred CD-1 mice were unsuccessful. To investigate the genetic archit...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.103.020495
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allorecognition is ubiquitous, or nearly so, amongst colonial invertebrates. Despite the prominent role that such phenomena have played both in evolutionary theory and in on the origin of the vertebrate immune system, unambiguous data on the transmission genetics of fusibility (i.e., the ability of two individuals to ...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factors Adr1 and Cat8 act in concert to regulate the expression of numerous yeast genes after the diauxic shift. Their activities are regulated by Snf1, the yeast homolog of the AMP-activated protein kinase of higher eukaryotes. Cat8 is regulated directly by Snf1, but how Snf1 regulates Adr1 is unkno...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.109.103432
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss the conceptual conflict between a slow series of gene substitutions as the mechanism of evolutionary change, and the apparent need for rapid and coordinated changes at many loci simultaneously in producing complex adaptations. To improve on the limitations of classical theory and accommodate the enormous am...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated 15 spontaneous mutants resistant to one or several antibiotics like chloramphenicol, erythromycin and spiramycin. We have shown by several criteria that all of them result from mutations localized in the mitochondrial DNA. The mutations have been mapped by allelism tests and by two- and three-factor c...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic and environmental components of variance for two quantitative characters were measured in the descendants of Drosophila melanogaster populations which had been grown for several generations at densities of 100, 200, 300, and 400 eggs per vial. Populations subject to intermediate densities had a greater pro...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During meiosis homologous chromosomes replicate once, pair, experience recombination, and undergo two rounds of segregation to produce haploid meiotic products. The rec8(+), rec10(+), and rec11(+) genes of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe exhibit similar specificities for meiotic recombination and rec8(+) i...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome stability in fission yeast requires the conserved S-phase kinase Hsk1 (Cdc7) and its partner Dfp1 (Dbf4). In addition to their established function in the initiation of DNA replication, we show that these proteins are important in maintaining genome integrity later in S phase and G2. hsk1 cells suffer increased...
journal_title:Genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1534/genetics.109.112284
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00