Abstract:
:General synthetic routes to 4-methyl-5-arylpyrimidines and 5-arylpyrimidines are described. 4-Benzylpyrimidine, 4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine, 4-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidine, and 4-methyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine have been positively identified as route-specific by-products in the Leuckardt preparations of amphetamine and 4-methoxyamphetamine. Using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) 4-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine have been identified in illicit tablets containing 4-methoxyamphetamine. This is an indication that illicit laboratories use the Leuckardt method for the preparation of 4-methoxyamphetamine. Flatliner tablets containing 4-methylthioamphetamine have been screened for the presence of 4-(4-methylthiobenzyl)pyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-(4-methylthiophenyl)pyrimidine using both headspace and aqueous phase SPME. As these pyrimidines were not detected it would appear likely that illicit laboratories are not using the Leuckardt method for the preparation of 4-methylthioamphetamine.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Kirkbride KP,Ward AD,Jenkins NF,Klass G,Coumbaros JCdoi
10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00311-xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
53-67issue
1-2eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(00)00311-Xjournal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have indicated that metal particles remain on bone after sharp force injury or gunshot and that their detection by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) could greatly help in tool identification. However, the presence of metal particles on bone surfaces in th...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.007
更新日期:2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::A 26-year-old male was found naked and excited in the backyard of his neighbor's house. He was carried to a nearby hospital, and returned home with his family, but took a sudden turn for the worse and died. In a judicial autopsy, the ethanol concentration of blood was found to be 0.58 milligrams, and methamphetamine (...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(93)90209-s
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequency data for eight short tandem repeat (STR) loci, HUMF13A01, HUMFESFPS, HUMF13B, HUMLPL, HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTHO1 and HUMvWA, were obtained for unrelated individuals in a Saudi Arabian population. All loci, except F13B (P = 0.037) and LPL (P = 0.035), meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations, based on the exa...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00107-3
更新日期:1999-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Toluene is the most common volatile used for sniffing among adolescents. During 1983-1987, 114 drivers were arrested in Norway with blood toluene concentrations (BTCs) greater than 10 microM. Only four of these drivers were women. The age range was 15-34 years, and the mean age was 21. The mean BTC was 109 microM. The...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90170-4
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the beginning of 2015, sixty-two capsules containing red-brown crystals seized in a historical city in Brazil were sent to this forensic laboratory for drug testing analysis. The material was identified as being Brephedrone, a new psychoactive substance and a bromine synthetic cathinone that is related to serotonin...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.007
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bayesian statistics was applied to a small sample database of the tensile properties of five different brands of writing paper which were perceptibly similar. The measured parameters in the database were found to overlap for the five brands. This posed a limitation to the application of the classical approach for "mat...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.004
更新日期:2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Medicolegal (coroner's) autopsies are an important source of epidemiological data. A large proportion of them comprise sudden natural deaths and an analysis of such cases has never been undertaken at the University Hospital of the West Indies, the only teaching hospital in Jamaica. In a retrospective study, 841 cases ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00268-2
更新日期:2002-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::This paper focuses on likelihood ratio based evaluations of fibre evidence in cases in which there is uncertainty about whether or not the reference item available for analysis - that is, an item typically taken from the suspect or seized at his home - is the item actually worn at the time of the offence. A likelihood...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.021
更新日期:2012-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method for obtaining specific and reproducible deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) typing from liquid semen. Isoelectric focusing of the enzymes on polyacrylamide gel (IEF-PAGE, pH 3.5-5) was accomplished using a 0.5-mm thick gel. The separated isozymes were visualized by a new activity staining method, dried ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(92)90043-v
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rare case of death of a young man due to airway obstruction in the course of angioedema (Quincke's edema). Type I hereditary angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency had been diagnosed in the man while he was alive. The information concerning the man's health state was given in the Public Prosecutor's deci...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.025
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation was made to determine the effects of age and sex on postmortem concentrations (mumol/l) of inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, uracil and uridine in the vitreous humor of chickens (Gallus domesticus). Five male and 5 female chickens were sampled each week from 0-10 weeks of age. Samples were c...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90206-e
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicides with chain saws and circular saws are extreme exceptions, in particular with regard to females and concerning the neck region. We report two of such rare cases involving young women. A 30-year-old female with a known schizoaffective psychosis killed herself with an electric chain saw. The autopsy revealed a d...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.05.019
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::A rare case of cardiac failure due to hypertensive crisis in pheochromocytoma in a 25-year-old young man is presented. In the Emergency Department the patient complained of persisting headache and vomiting; he was distressed but fully alert, his heart rate was 110 b/min and blood pressure 180/80 mmHg. Few hours after ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.021
更新日期:2009-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and sixty UK Caucasian individuals have been typed for the STR locus D12S391. Measurements of absolute band shift, relative to an allelic ladder, allowed fragments differing by one base pair to be consistently distinguished. The intermediate alleles typed from such fragments comprised approximately 5% of t...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00029-2
更新日期:1998-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The superimposition of a face photograph with that of a skull for identification purposes necessitates the use of comparable photographic parameters between the two image acquisition sessions, so that differences in optics and consequent recording of images does not thwart the morphological analysis. Widely divergent,...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.009
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrethroids, organic compounds similar to natural pyrethrums, constitute the majority of insecticides. Pyrethroids are widely used around the world owing to their excellent selective toxicity to certain insects. In addition, they are easily found in daily life, accounting for most household pesticides. Owing to the ea...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.004
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The instant detection of explosives and explosive-related compounds has become an urgent priority in recent years for homeland security and counter-terrorism applications. Modern techniques should offer enhancement in selectivity, sensitivity, and standoff distances. Miniaturisation, portability, and field-ruggedisati...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.036
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated 40 patients who had died following open heart surgery between January 1990 and May 1992. Between this time, 703 open heart procedures were carried out at the University Medical School of Debrecen, 2nd Department of Surgery's Cardiac Surgery Unit with a mortality rate of 8.3%. We studied each individual...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(96)01896-8
更新日期:1996-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the heat-induced alterations in human bone tissue observed using scanning electron microscopy and microradiography. Femoral bone samples were taken from persons varying in age from 1 year to 97 years at the time of their death. The bone was heated at selected temperatures in the range 200-1600 de...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(95)01735-2
更新日期:1995-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the DNA mutation rate and pattern in the hypervariable short tandem repeat (STR) locus D12S391 and in the locus D8S1132, samples from an eastern German population (Dresden area) were analysed. A duplex PCR was applied, using short amplification products for D12S391 (129-177bp) and a modified reverse pri...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00596-5
更新日期:2001-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::The present report describes the unexpected death of a 6-month-old female infant who had been clinically diagnosed with Joubert syndrome. This is a relatively rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of cerebellar vermis, which transmits information from the body to the cerebellum, and...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.06.003
更新日期:2008-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::A decline in 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) use in Adelaide, Australia from 2009 to 2010 was confirmed by us previously. Reports suggested that the shortage in MDMA supply was associated with an increased prevalence of other synthetic stimulants, but quantitative measurements were unavailable. To obtain...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.06.007
更新日期:2013-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to supply information about: (1) normal sex-related dimensions of mouth and lips (linear distances, ratios, angles, area, volume); and (2) growth changes between childhood and old age. The three-dimensional coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the lips and face were obtained ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.050
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of fatalities are reported of which the recreational use of Mitragyna speciosa ("kratom") could be confirmed. One of these cases presents with one of the highest postmortem mitragynine concentrations published to date. Our results show that even extremely high mitragynine blood concentrations following the c...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.020
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we analyse mismatched technical conditions in training and testing phases of speaker recognition and their effect on forensic human and automatic speaker recognition. We use perceptual tests performed by non-experts and compare their performance with that of a baseline automatic speaker recognition syst...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.078
更新日期:2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Over 1500 population database samples comprising African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Native Americans, Chamorros and Filipinos were typed using the PowerPlex 16 and the Profiler Plus/COfiler kits. Except for the D8S1179 locus in Chamorros and Filipinos from Guam, there were eight examples in which a typing diffe...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00563-1
更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Investigating crimes against children, specifically sexual solicitations, are complicated because not all offenders are contact-driven, meaning they want to meet the minor for sex in the physical world; instead, some offenders are fantasy-driven, in that they are more interested in cybersex and role-play. In addition,...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.028
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of absorption time, titer of antiserum or lectin in the absorption stage, and elution temperature on relative antibody or lectin yield in elutes in the absorption-elution procedure were studied in bloodstains and ammoniacal extracts of bloodstains using conventional grouping reagents. In addition, monoclon...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(86)90182-9
更新日期:1986-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Death scene investigation (DSI) is critically important for the identification of the manner of death. The present study aims to present a scoring system for the correct framing of a case as a suicide starting from the DSI and its preliminary application. The method is based on five items: (1) statistical frequency of...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.029
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a stabbing, apparel fabrics are usually damaged and may be penetrated. Despite numerous studies considering forces required to penetrate skin and human stabbing performance, none have systematically evaluated which variables affect severance appearance from a textile science perspective using a human stabbing p...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.024
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00