Abstract：
:The current clandestine methodology for the manufacture of illicit cocaine hydrochloride utilizes microwave heating in order to dry the finished product. This study addresses the effects this step has on the occluded solvents present in newly prepared cocaine hydrochloride. Nine 1-kilogram-sized batches of cocaine hydrochloride were prepared from cocaine base using a variety of solvents or solvent mixtures commonly utilized in clandestine laboratories, pressed into bricks, and submitted to microwave heating. Residual solvents were qualitatively and quantitatively monitored before, during, and following the microwaving step by static headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All solvents used in the conversion process were easily detected in the bricks even after extensive irradiation, confirming that occluded solvents are extremely resistant to removal by microwave heating. Qualitative and quantitative data corresponding to the residual solvents in the prepared cocaine hydrochloride bricks are presented.
journal_name
J Forensic Scijournal_title
Journal of forensic sciencesauthors
Morello DR,Casale JF,Stevenson ML,Klein RFkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
1126-32issue
5eissn
0022-1198issn
1556-4029journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of both cocaine and benzoylecgonine in postmortem fluid and tissue samples has been developed by using computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography using a nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) detector. Both methods are accurate and sensitive ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Celebratory gunfire injuries from "falling bullets" occur when guns are fired into the air during celebrations without realizing that this can cause serious injuries or even fatalities. Fatal celebratory gunfire injury is an uncommonly reported event in the continental United States. Our electronic database was querie...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12258
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diphenidine is a dissociative drug that shows several psychotropic effects including euphoria, shifts in perception of reality, hallucinations, and transient anterograde amnesia. In this study, a case of acute intoxication occurring after diphenidine intake is reported. A 30-year-old Caucasian male was hospitalized af...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13355
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimating time since death is especially difficult in the examination of poorly preserved cadavers and depends on the experience of the examiner and comparison with previously documented cases showing similar characteristics. The present study reports on information obtained over the past ten years through the work o...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ammunition having mercury fulminate-based primers are commonly manufactured by Eastern Bloc countries and used extensively in the Middle East. Gunshot residue (GSR) particles formed by firing these types of ammunition were examined. It was observed that much lower percentage of mercury-containing GSR particles were fo...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The death of a person as a reaction to the death of another is known as Philemon and Baucis death and may represent a difficult challenge for pathologists, especially due to the decompositional changes that often characterized these situations. In this article, we describe two cases of Philemon and Baucis deaths, the ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12419
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal remains were discovered in an unused cistern near the Omaha, Nebraska airport and were positively identified through comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental radiographs. Although nearly nine years had elapsed between death and discovery, the bones and teeth revealed evidence of the application of a cor...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Report of two cases of lethal infantile subdural bleedings (SDB). Bridging vein (BV) ruptures were directly proven as the source of the (minimal) SDB by a postmortem X-ray. In the controversial discussion concerning the causes of infantile SDB, proof of the occurrence of several BV ruptures is seen as an important sig...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Combitube is a ventilatory device consisting of a twin lumen tube with proximal and distal inflatable cuffs. The major benefit of the Combitube is that its design and function allow for ventilation through non-laryngoscope-assisted insertion into either the trachea, or esophagus. As with any invasive procedure, in...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two recent paternity cases are reported. In the first case of paternity exclusion, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) on variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci with multiple alleles were informative, as well as established systems of red blood antigens, red cell enzymes...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of heat on the amplification of DNA from the dental pulp of Sus scrofa molars and investigated the protection afforded to the pulp tissue by the dental enamel, alveolar process, and soft tissue of the head. Segments of defleshed maxilla and mandible encasing the first molar (n = 60) wer...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01286.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil DNA profiling has potential as a forensic tool to establish a link between soil collected at a crime scene and soil recovered from a suspect. However, a quantitative measure is needed to investigate the spatial/temporal variability across multiple scales prior to their application in forensic science. In this stu...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13741
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an apparent diversity of opinion with respect to the probative value of hair in the United Kingdom and in North America. A questionnaire was devised and widely circulated in an attempt to discover the reasons behind this diversity and to seek the views of a broad range of hair examiners. This paper reports on...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews 18 publications that advocate the use of product tampering and other poisoning methods as techniques for exacting revenge against individuals and corporations, as methods of committing murder, and for other criminal purposes. Several of the particular techniques recommended in these publications sub...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-impaired driving is a complex area of forensic toxicology due in part to limited data concerning the type of drugs involved and the concentrations detected. This study analyzed toxicological findings in drivers from fatal motor vehicle collisions (FMVCs) in Ontario, Canada, over a one-year period using a standard...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12725
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The decomposition of bodies and the decay of associated cultural materials, including clothing, personal ornaments, caskets, and grave goods, was investigated based on a series of exhumations on a small sand island on Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Decay data were documented for an interment period between 40 and ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interpretation of postmortem cocaine concentrations is made in an attempt to estimate drug concentrations present at the time of death and thus infer not only drug presence but drug toxicity. Previous data suggest that changes in postmortem blood cocaine concentrations over time are not predictable and interpretat...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Teeth development is widely used for age estimation in forensic science. The aims of this study were as follows: first, to establish Indian data on canine and first premolar development for age estimation and second, to investigate population differences in teeth development. Orthopantomograms of 340 Indian children a...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02111.x
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive medicolegal autopsies were studied as to the cause of death established by a physician, the mode of death as suggested in the police report, and findings of medical interest often discovered following autopsy. Corrections had to be made even in some cases which seemed to be obv...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A closed case file review of a nonrandom national sample of 975 homicides disclosed 11 cases (1.13%) of undoing, wherein offenders engaged in crime scene behavior that has been considered an attempt to symbolically reverse the murder. The frequency of the various methods of undoing involved the use of blankets to cove...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13556
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bloodhounds are used to trail fleeing felons and missing persons. In order to start a trail, the dog must be presented with a person's scent. There are many hypotheses on what a bloodhound smells while trailing. The present study attempts to identify whether human scent is genetic, and if it is influenced by one's env...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00231.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to genotype forensic short tandem repeat (STR) markers for individual identification and kinship analysis. STR data from several NGS platforms have been published, but forensic application trials using the Ion S5™ XL system have not been reported. In this work, we report ...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.13767
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA testing of human bones is performed for identification when there is no remaining soft tissue, which often means the samples are old or environmentally compromised. Under these circumstances, it can be difficult to obtain a STR DNA profile. It is important to recover the highest quantity and quality of DNA for STR...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.14657
更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Two Native Alaskan populations were sampled and DNA profiles were generated for 201 individuals. Ninety two blood samples were collected from the North Slope Borough region of Alaska and the remaining 109 blood samples came from Native Alaskans in the Bethel and Wade Hampton areas. Allele and genotype frequencies were...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New procedures, tailored after such court decisions as Rogers v. Commissioner of the Department of Mental Health, have restricted the doctor's ability to treat psychiatric inpatients with psychotropic medication and have increased the protection of a competent patient's right to refuse. This study investigates how the...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal cortical pallor was studied as a potential marker at autopsy of diabetic ketoacidosis in 23 cases, hyperglycemic nonketotic coma in eight cases, and alcoholic ketoacidosis in five cases (vitreous humor glucose level≥11.1 mM; β-hydroxybutyrate level≥5 mM). Renal cortical pallor was noted on macroscopic examinatio...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12102
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human fetal skeletal elements of different gestational ages were screened with multiple mesh sizes (6.4 mm [1/4 inch], 3.2 mm [1/8 inch], 2.0 mm, and 1.0 mm) to determine their recovery rates. All remains were previously macerated, and no significantly damaged elements were used. The 6.4 mm mesh allowed a large loss o...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1556-4029.12922
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, the authors discuss the problem of forensic authentication of digital audio recordings. Although forensic audio has been addressed in several articles, the existing approaches are focused on analog magnetic recordings, which are less prevalent because of the large amount of digital recorders available...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01395.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there is considerable literature on grief and grief work, there have been few studies of the grief process in those who have killed someone. This paper reviews the scope of this problem in England and Wales and examines a number of issues in connection with the grieving process in those who have killed but, b...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The allele frequency distributions of three STR loci amplified by PCR have been studied in four Israeli communities: Ashkenazi Jews and three non-Ashkenazi groups, namely Moroccan, Yemenite, and Ethiopian Jews. The loci analyzed were CSF1PO, TPOX, and HUMTHO1. The typing was performed in sequencing polyacrylamide gels...
journal_title：Journal of forensic sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
