Physiological astrocytic calcium levels stimulate glutamate release to modulate adjacent neurons.

abstract：:ATP and UTP can function as extracellular signaling molecules by activating plasma membrane receptors termed P2 purinergic receptors. In the present study a P2U receptor cDNA has been expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells, one of the few available mammalian cell lines that lacks an endogenous P2U receptor. In stably...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Erb L,Lustig KD,Sullivan DM,Turner JT,Weisman GA

更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that the mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL, ALL-1, HRX) plays a role in regulating myelomonocytic differentiation. In this study we examined the effect of expression of MLL-AF9 on differentiation of the monoblastic U937 cell line by using a tetracycline-inducible expression system. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caslini C,Shilatifard A,Yang L,Hess JL

更新日期：2000-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytological preparations of interphase nuclei and chromosomes from mouse 3T6 cells prepared at various times after infection with the murine sarcomaleukemia virus complex were hybridized with the [(3)H]DNA product of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. While uninfected nuclei had an average of 4 autoradiographic gr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loni MC,Green M

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-quality and high-throughput prediction of enzyme commission (EC) numbers is essential for accurate understanding of enzyme functions, which have many implications in pathologies and industrial biotechnology. Several EC number prediction tools are currently available, but their prediction performance needs to be f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryu JY,Kim HU,Lee SY

更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effect of gangliosides GD1a and GM1 on the lamellar-to-hexagonal II phase transition of mixtures of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/dioleoylphosphatidyl choline, 3:1, and of transphosphatidylated phosphatidylethanolamine with dioleoylglycerol by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, 31P-N...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perillo MA,Scarsdale NJ,Yu RK,Maggio B

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Atmospheric models generally assume that aerosol particles are in equilibrium with the surrounding gas phase. However, recent observations that secondary organic aerosols can exist in a glassy state have highlighted the need to more fully understand the kinetic limitations that may control water partitioning in ambien...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bones DL,Reid JP,Lienhard DM,Krieger UK

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The human intestine is densely populated by a microbial consortium whose metabolic activities are influenced by, among others, bifidobacteria. However, the genetic basis of adaptation of bifidobacteria to the human gut is poorly understood. Analysis of the 2,214,650-bp genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, a stra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turroni F,Bottacini F,Foroni E,Mulder I,Kim JH,Zomer A,Sánchez B,Bidossi A,Ferrarini A,Giubellini V,Delledonne M,Henrissat B,Coutinho P,Oggioni M,Fitzgerald GF,Mills D,Margolles A,Kelly D,van Sinderen D,Ventura M

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Particle tracking is a powerful biophysical tool that requires conversion of large video files into position time series, i.e., traces of the species of interest for data analysis. Current tracking methods, based on a limited set of input parameters to identify bright objects, are ill-equipped to handle the spectrum o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Newby JM,Schaefer AM,Lee PT,Forest MG,Lai SK

更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Most genetic regulatory mechanisms involve protein-DNA interactions. In these processes, the classical Watson-Crick DNA structure sometimes is distorted severely, which in turn enables the precise recognition of the specific sites by the protein. Despite its key importance, very little is known about such deformation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leger JF,Robert J,Bourdieu L,Chatenay D,Marko JF

更新日期：1998-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:It is found that the addition of hexamethylphosphoramide to the solution of an alkyne, Et(2)Zn, and (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol in methylene chloride allows the generation of an alkynylzinc at room temperature and shows highly enantioselective additions to aldehydes. The mild condition for the formation of the alkynylzinc ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao G,Xie RG,Pu L

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Patchy particles with shape complementarity can serve as building blocks for assembling colloidal superstructures. Alternatively, encoding information on patches using DNA can direct assembly into a variety of crystalline or other preprogrammed structures. Here, we present a tool where DNA is used both to engineer sha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diaz A JA,Oh JS,Yi GR,Pine DJ

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic deletion studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of Delta-like ligand (Dll) 4, a transmembrane ligand for the Notch family of receptors, results in major vascular defects and embryonic lethality. To better define the role of Dll4 during vascular growth and differentiation, we selected the postnatal retina a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lobov IB,Renard RA,Papadopoulos N,Gale NW,Thurston G,Yancopoulos GD,Wiegand SJ

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:An analysis of taxonomic longevity for species of the two Cenozoic radiations of Caribbean planktonic foraminifera shows strong similarity in longevity for extinct taxa, though extant species of the latter radiation are biased towards longer-lived forms. In this case, the present is not the key to the past. A simple o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levinton JS,Ginzburg L

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional repressors can be classified as short- or long-range, according to their range of activity. Functional analysis of identified short-range repressors has been carried out largely in transgenic Drosophila, but it is not known whether general properties of short-range repressors are evident in other types...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ryu JR,Olson LK,Arnosti DN

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Smooth muscle cells use fibronectin to bind to type I and type III collagens but bind to type V collagen by a trypsin-resistant intrinsic glycoconjugate. The binding site on type V collagen is located in the alpha A chain. By using collagen-coated filters in a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, it was obser...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grotendorst GR,Seppä HE,Kleinman HK,Martin GR

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primate visual motion system performs numerous functions essential for survival in a dynamic visual world. Prominent among these functions is the ability to recover and represent the trajectories of objects in a form that facilitates behavioral responses to those movements. The first step toward this goal, which c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Albright TD,Stoner GR

更新日期：1995-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike tailed bacteriophages, which use a preformed tail for transporting their genomes into a host bacterium, the ssDNA bacteriophage ΦX174 is tailless. Using cryo-electron microscopy and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) form bilayers that interact with ΦX174 at an ic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun Y,Roznowski AP,Tokuda JM,Klose T,Mauney A,Pollack L,Fane BA,Rossmann MG

更新日期：2017-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In everyday life, a macroscopic valve is a device with a movable control element that regulates the flow of gases or liquids by blocking and opening passageways. Construction of such a device on the nanoscale level requires (i) suitably proportioned movable control elements, (ii) a method for operating them on demand,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nguyen TD,Tseng HR,Celestre PC,Flood AH,Liu Y,Stoddart JF,Zink JI

更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate carcinoma is the second leading cause of death from malignancy in men in the United States. Prostate cancer cells express type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and prostate cancer selectively metastazises to bone, which is an environment rich in insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), thereby suppor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burfeind P,Chernicky CL,Rininsland F,Ilan J,Ilan J

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The G protein-coupled m1 and m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors increase tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including the focal adhesion-associated proteins paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), but the mechanism is not understood. Activation of integrins during adhesion of cells to extracellular mat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Slack BE

更新日期：1998-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells are wrapped in inelastic membranes, yet they can sustain large mechanical strains by regulating their area. The area regulation in cells is achieved either by membrane folding or by membrane exo- and endocytosis. These processes involve complex morphological transformations of the cell membrane, i.e., invaginati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Staykova M,Holmes DP,Read C,Stone HA

更新日期：2011-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2) were purified from a cancer patient treated with NP-4, a murine monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These Ab2 were specific for NP-4 and inhibited the binding between NP-4 and CEA. BALB/c mice immunized with these human Ab2 produced anti-Ab2 antibodies that were also r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Losman MJ,Hansen HJ,Sharkey RM,Goldenberg DM,Monestier M

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowing how motile bacteria move near and along a solid surface is crucial to understanding such diverse phenomena as the migration of infectious bacteria along a catheter, biofilm growth, and the movement of bacteria through the pore spaces of saturated soil, a critical step in the in situ bioremediation of contamina...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frymier PD,Ford RM,Berg HC,Cummings PT

更新日期：1995-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The underlying structure is taken as a strongly superharmonic cone [unk], defined as a partially ordered abelian semigroup with identity 0 which admits a multiplication by nonnegative scalars and satisfies two fundamental axioms of a potentialtheoretic character. In terms of a fixed nonzero element e there is introduc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arsove M,Leutwiler H

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific [3H]retinoic acid (RA)-binding sites in nuclear and cytosolic extracts prepared from human myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells have been detected by sucrose density gradient sedimentation and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. This RA-binding activity migrated as a single pea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nervi C,Grippo JF,Sherman MI,George MD,Jetten AM

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs with poor oral bioavailability usually are administered by hypodermic injection, which causes pain, poor patient compliance, the need for trained personnel, and risk of infectious disease transmission. Transdermal (TD) delivery provides an excellent alternative, but the barrier of skin's outer stratum corneum (S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wermeling DP,Banks SL,Hudson DA,Gill HS,Gupta J,Prausnitz MR,Stinchcomb AL

更新日期：2008-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish stocks experiencing high fishing mortality show a tendency to mature earlier and at a smaller size, which may have a genetic component and therefore long-lasting economic and biological effects. To date, the economic effects of such ecoevolutionary dynamics have not been empirically investigated. Using 70 y of da...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eikeset AM,Richter A,Dunlop ES,Dieckmann U,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2013-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change is expected to influence the capacities of the land and oceans to act as repositories for anthropogenic CO2 and hence provide a feedback to climate change. A series of experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Climate System Model 1 coupled carbon-climate model shows that carbon sink...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fung IY,Doney SC,Lindsay K,John J

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:In nearly all eukaryotes, at least some individuals inherit mitochondrial and chloroplast genes from only one parent. There is no single mechanism of uniparental inheritance: organelle gene inheritance is blocked by a variety of mechanisms and at different stages of reproduction in different species. Frequent changes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Birky CW Jr

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastatic spread is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Breast cancer (BCa) metastatic recurrence can happen years after removal of the primary tumor. Here we show that Ubc13, an E2 enzyme that catalyzes K63-linked protein polyubiquitination, is largely dispensable for primary mammary tumor growth but is required ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu X,Zhang W,Font-Burgada J,Palmer T,Hamil AS,Biswas SK,Poidinger M,Borcherding N,Xie Q,Ellies LG,Lytle NK,Wu LW,Fox RG,Yang J,Dowdy SF,Reya T,Karin M

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00