Abstract:
:The sequence of a cloned Anopheles stephensi gene showed 72% inferred amino acid identity with Drosophila melanogaster Dox-A2 and 93% with its putative ortholog in Anopheles gambiae. Dox-A2 is the reported but herein disputed structural locus for diphenol oxidase A2. Database searches identified Dox-A2 related gene sequences from 15 non-insect species from diverse groups. Phylogenetic trees based on alignments of inferred protein sequences, DNA, and protein motif searches and protein secondary structure predictions produced results consistent with expectations for genes that are orthologous. The only inconsistency was that the C-terminus appears to be more primitive in the yeasts than in plants. In mammals, plants, and yeast these genes have been shown to code for a non-ATPase subunit of the PA700 (19S) regulatory complex of 26S proteasome. The analyses indicated that the insect genes contain no divergent structural features, which taken within an appraisal of all available data, makes the reported alternative function highly improbable. A plausible additional role, in which the 26S proteasome is implicated in regulation of phenol oxidase, would also apply to at least the mammalian genes. No function has yet been reported for the other included sequences. These were from genome projects and included Caenorhabiditus elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, Fugu rubripes, and Toxoplasma gondii. A consensus of the results predicts a protein containing exceptionally long stretches of helix with a hydrophilic C-terminus. Phosphorylation site motifs were identified at two conserved positions. Possible SRY and GATA-1 binding motifs were found at conserved positions upstream of the mosquito genes. The location of A. stephensi Dox-A2 was determined by in situ hybridization at 34D on chromosome arm 3R. It is in a conserved gene cluster with respect to the other insects. However, the A. stephensi cluster contains a gene showing significant sequence identity to human and pigeon carnitine acetyltransferase genes, therefore showing divergence with the distal end of the D. melanogaster cluster.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Garvey CF,Malcolm CAdoi
10.1007/s002390010053keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
497-509issue
6eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432pii
10.1007/s002390010053journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The genome organization of the Hardness locus in the tribe Triticeae constitutes an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of evolution that played a role in the preservation and potential functional innovations of duplicate genes. Here we applied the nonsynonymous-synonymous rate ratio (d ( N )/d ( S ) or omega)...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0292-z
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A few years ago we presented a stationary Markov model of gene evolution according to which only homologous genes from not too divergent species obeying the condition of being stationary may behave as reliable molecular clocks. A compartmentalized model of the nuclear genome in which the genes are distributed in compa...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02602910
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies during the last 20 years have shown that the chromosomes of many organisms, especially those of higher vertebrates, consist of a series of segments having different properties. These can be recognized as, for example, G- and R-bands. Recent studies have indicated that genes tend to lie in the R-bands rather th...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02407346
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the structure of a gene expressed in the salivary gland cells of the dipteran Chironomus tentans and show that it encodes 1 of the approximately 15 secretory proteins exported by the gland cells. This sp115,140 gene consists of approximately 65 copies of a 42-bp sequence in a central uninterrupted core blo...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02101791
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We provide here evidence for a conserved regulatory element for transcription of the β-family globin genes based on a comparative study of 32 genes from 16 mammals. The element is characterized by the appearance of AA or TT dinucleotides in the A + T-rich region located 200-400 bp upstream of the cap sites. G-tracts 3...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-011-9459-y
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mutation and selection of regulatory DNA sequences are presented as an ideal model system of molecular evolution where genotype, phenotype, and fitness can be explicitly and independently characterized. In this theoretical study, we construct an explicit model for the evolution of regulatory sequences, making use ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-002-2335-z
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, a new strategy for the selection of aptamers against small-molecule target was established using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the separation matrix and Zinc(II)-Protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) as the target molecule without the immobilization step due to the absorption of ssDNA on AuNPs. The progress of the...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-019-09905-4
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) were subjected to dehydration-hydration cycles in the presence of 6-carboxyfluorescein or salmon sperm DNA. We found that the vesicles fused into multilamellar structures during dehydration with solutes trapped between the lamellae. Upon rehydration the lamellae swelled and formed lar...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01733047
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site maps for nine species of the Drosophila obscura subgroup and for Drosophila melanogaster were established. Taking into account all restriction enzymes (12) and strains (45) analyzed, a total of 105 different sites were detected, which corresponds to a sample of 3.49% of the m...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02109481
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary divergence times can be inferred from molecular distances if a molecular clock can be assumed and if the substitution rate can be estimated. We present new evidence from relative rate tests that the rate of substitution at fourfold degenerate sites of nuclear genome-coding DNA is uniform in primate and ro...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00000066
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The finding that ribozymes can catalyze RNA chain elongation has led to the proposal that an early self-replicating system could have consisted of RNA alone. In such a chain elongation reaction, the Tetrahymena ribozyme was found to select 3',5'-linked substrates from a pool that contained a large molar excess of 2',5...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02602919
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the origin(s) of life on Earth remains an open question, detailed characteristics about the "last universal ancestor" (LUA) continue to be obscured. Here we provide arguments that strengthen the bacterial-like nature of the LUA. Our view attempts to recreate the evolution of archaeal lipids, the major components of...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-006-0141-8
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitin is remarkable for its ubiquitous distribution and its extreme protein sequence conservation. Ubiquitin genes comprise direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding unit with no spacers. The nucleotide sequences of several ubiquitin repeats from each of humans, chicken, Xenopus, Drosophila, barley, and yeast have re...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02100041
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper constructs a temporal scale for bacterial evolution by tying ecological events that took place at known times in the geological past to specific branch points in the genealogical tree relating the 16S ribosomal RNAs of eubacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. One thus obtains a relationship between time ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02111283
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stability of helical structures formed by polyuridylic acid with nucleosides and nucleotides derived from adenosine is not significantly affected by replacing hydroxyl groups by hydrogen, amino, or azido functions. Stability is affected by the position of the phosphate group. ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01738882
更新日期:1976-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Fish protamines are highly specialized molecules which are responsible for chromatin condensation during the last stages of spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis). However, not all fish contain protamines in their sperm nuclei; rather, there seems to be a random distribution of protamines within this group. The origin of th...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160152
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotes living as obligate intracellular parasites. Lacking mitochondria, they were initially considered as having diverged before the endosymbiosis at the origin of mitochondria. That microsporidia were primitively amitochondriate was first questioned by the discovery of microsporidia...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-2673-0
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orphan genes, lacking detectable homologs in outgroup species, typically represent 10-30% of eukaryotic genomes. Efforts to find the source of these young genes indicate that de novo emergence from non-coding DNA may in part explain their prevalence. Here, we investigate the roots of orphan gene emergence in the Droso...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-020-09939-z
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus have made great contributions to earth's photosynthetic biomass. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein systems have been characterized to play important roles in various physiological functions, including carbon fixation, phosphate assimilation, and vitamin B(12) metabolism. In this stud...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-009-9259-9
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleotide sequences for the kappa-casein precursor proteins have been determined from the genomic DNAs or hair roots of the Ruminantia. The coding regions, exons 2, 3, and 4, were amplified separately via the three kinds of PCRs and then directly sequenced. The primers were designed from the sequence of bovine kappa-...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00173165
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Runs of identical amino acids encoded by triplet repeats (homopolymers) are components of numerous proteins, yet their role is poorly understood. Large numbers of homopolymers are present in the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind (mam) protein surrounding several unique charged amino acid clusters. Comparison of mam s...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160429
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The level reached by the optimization of the polarity distances during the evolution of the genetic code was investigated. The results, although not conclusive, indicate that this optimization level is higher than the data reported in the literature. The results seem compatible with the reaching of an evolutionary min...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02103616
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial genetic variability in European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations present in Europe and North Africa from 11,000 years ago to the present day has been analyzed using ancient DNA techniques. DNA was extracted from 90 rabbit bones found in 22 archaeological sites dated between the Mesolithic a...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163228
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we present an iterative character weighting method for the construction of phyletic trees. An initial tree is used to calculate the character weights, which are the number of mutations normalized so that the possible range is corrected for. The weights obtained are used to adjust the tree; this process i...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02101127
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::By a chromosome walking strategy the DNA region from Methanococcus vannielii flanking the genes for protein synthesis elongation factor (EF) 1 alpha and EF-2 was cloned and sequenced. A gene organization of 5' - beta' - open reading frame (ORF) 1 - ORF2 - S12 - S7 - EF-2 - EF-1 alpha - S10 - ORF3 - ORF4 - 3' was found...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02106178
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the aim of elucidating the evolutionary processes of the kringle and protease domains in serine proteases which are involved with the system of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, we constructed phylogenetic trees for the kringle and protease domains, separately, by use of amino acid sequence data. The phylogenet...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00163238
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translation termination is catalyzed by release factors that recognize stop codons. However, previous works have shown that in some bacteria, the termination process also involves bases around stop codons. Recently, Ito et al. analyzed release factors and identified the amino acids therein that recognize stop codons. ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-002-2435-9
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA sequences of three members of the Alu family of repeated sequences located 5' to the chimpanzee alpha 2 gene have been determined. The base sequences of the three corresponding human Alu family repeats have been previously determined, permitting the comparison of identical Alu family members in human and chimp...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02115687
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synonymous codon usage in yeast appears to be influenced by natural selection on gene expression, as well as regional variation in compositional bias. Because of the large number of potential targets of selection (i.e., most of the codons in the genome) and presumed small selection coefficients, codon usage is an exce...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2459-9
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental paradox motivates the study of plant mitochondrial genomics: the mutation rate is very low (lower than in the nucleus) but the rearrangement rate is high. A landmark paper published in Journal of Molecular Evolution in 1988 established these facts and revealed the paradox. Jeffrey Palmer and Laura Herbon...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-020-09980-y
更新日期:2021-01-24 00:00:00