Abstract：
:Studies during the last 20 years have shown that the chromosomes of many organisms, especially those of higher vertebrates, consist of a series of segments having different properties. These can be recognized as, for example, G- and R-bands. Recent studies have indicated that genes tend to lie in the R-bands rather than in the G-bands, although the number of genes that has been mapped with high precision is, as yet, only a very small proportion of the total, probably much less than 1%. We have therefore sought to study the distribution of genes on chromosomes using a cytological approach in conjunction with "universal" markers for genes. Such markers include mRNA and the gene-rich, G+C-rich H3 fraction of DNA, both of which can be localized using in situ hybridization, and DNase I hypersensitivity, and digestion by restriction enzymes known to show selectivity for the CpG islands associated with active genes, both of which can be detected using in situ nick translation. We have chosen to use the approaches involving in situ nick translation and have shown that the patterns of DNase I hypersensitivity and of CpG islands on human chromosomes show a strict correspondence to R-banding patterns: Deviations from R-banding patterns reported by previous investigators who have made similar studies appear to be attributable to excessive digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Sumner AT,de la Torre J,Stuppia Ldoi
10.1007/BF02407346subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-08-01 00:00:00pages
117-22issue
2eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Ubiquitin is remarkable for its ubiquitous distribution and its extreme protein sequence conservation. Ubiquitin genes comprise direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding unit with no spacers. The nucleotide sequences of several ubiquitin repeats from each of humans, chicken, Xenopus, Drosophila, barley, and yeast have re...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100041
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca(2+)/cation antiporter (CaCA) proteins are integral membrane proteins that transport Ca(2+) or other cations using the H(+) or Na(+) gradient generated by primary transporters. The CAX (for CAtion eXchanger) family is one of the five families that make up the CaCA superfamily. CAX genes have been found in bacteria, ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0048-4
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the metal-ion catalysis of a number of reactions of the isomers of ImpGpG on a poly(C) template. In the absence of a catalytic metal ion, oligomers at least up to (pG)20 are obtained from the ImpGpG isomers in a 1-methylimidazole buffer. The Pb2+ ion improves the yield of longer oligomers and changes s...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01795752
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight human short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRs) also known as microsatellites-DYS19, DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS389I, and DYS389II, mapping in the Y chromosome-were analyzed in two Iberian samples (Basques and Catalans). Allele frequency distributions showed significant differences only for DYS392...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006229
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present two new models of protein sequence evolution based on structural properties of mitochondrial proteins. We compare these models with others currently used in phylogenetic analyses, investigating their performance over both short and long evolutionary distances. We find that our models that incorporate second...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239001-0052-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Group I introns are mobile RNA enzymes (ribozymes) that encode conserved primary and secondary structures required for autocatalysis. The group I intron that interrupts the tRNA-Leu gene in cyanobacteria and plastids is remarkable because it is the oldest known intervening sequence and may have been present in the com...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2533-3
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bacterial endosymbionts (Buchnera) from the aphids Rhopalosiphum padi, R. maidis, Schizaphis graminum, and Acyrthosiphon pisum contain the genes for anthranilate synthase (trpEG) on plasmids made up of one or more 3.6-kb units. Anthranilate synthase is the first as well as the rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptopha...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02498635
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement control proteins (CCPs) contain repeated protein domains, short consensus repeats (SCRs), which must be relevant to diverse functions such as complement activation, coagulation, viral binding, fetal implantation, and self-nonself recognition. Although SCRs share some discontinuous and imperfect motifs, ther...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2609-8
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trnT-trnF region is located in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome. It consists of the trnL intron, a group I intron, and the trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers. We analyzed the evolution of the region in the three genera of the gymnosperm lineage Gnetales (Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephed...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0240-3
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We constructed a cDNA library for the beetle, Tribolium castaneum. This library was screened using a cloned amylase gene from Drosophila melanogaster as a molecular probe. Beetle amylase cDNA clones were isolated from this bank, and the nucleotide sequence was obtained for a cDNA clone with a coding capacity for 228 a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099856
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synonymous codon usage in yeast appears to be influenced by natural selection on gene expression, as well as regional variation in compositional bias. Because of the large number of potential targets of selection (i.e., most of the codons in the genome) and presumed small selection coefficients, codon usage is an exce...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2459-9
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two catalytic functions were required, minimally, for the appearance of DNA in evolution: a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and a reverse transcriptase (RT). If one accepts the explanatory strength of the RNA world model, it is clear that DNA molecules arose in the RNA world at some stage during the early evolution of ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006368
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the codon usages in well-conserved and less-well-conserved regions of vertebrate protein genes and found them to be similar. Despite this similarity, there is a statistically significant decrease in codon bias in the less-well-conserved regions. Our analysis suggests that although those codon changes initi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100090
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The periodic protein collagen is of special interest for the study of the relationship which exists between the structure of a protein and that of its mRNA, because oligopeptides containing glycine, proline (hydroxyproline) and alanine occur with great frequency in it. Collagen is particularly rich in these amino acid...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01739101
更新日期：1976-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Computational and experimental attempts tried to characterize a universal core of genes representing the minimal set of functional needs for an organism. Based on the increasing number of available complete genomes, comparative genomics has concluded that the universal core contains < 50 genes. In contrast, experiment...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0250-9
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The level reached by the optimization of the polarity distances during the evolution of the genetic code was investigated. The results, although not conclusive, indicate that this optimization level is higher than the data reported in the literature. The results seem compatible with the reaching of an evolutionary min...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02103616
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylogenetic relationships among Primates (human), Artiodactyla (cow), Cetacea (whale), Carnivora (seal), and Rodentia (mouse and rat) were estimated from the inferred amino acid sequences of the mitochondrial genomes using Marsupialia (opossum), Aves (chicken), and Amphibia (Xenopus) as an outgroup. The overall e...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00173421
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the diverse maximum wavelength absorption (lambdamax) found in crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae and Parastacidae) and the associated genetic variation in their opsin locus. We measured the wavelength absorption in the photoreceptors of six species that inhabit environments of different light intens...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006257
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dominant paradigm in origin of life research is that of an RNA world. However, despite experimental progress towards the spontaneous formation of RNA, the RNA world hypothesis still has its problems. Here, we introduce a novel computational model of chemical reaction networks based on RNA secondary structure and a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-017-9787-7
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010074
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the pupal cuticle protein (PCP) genes has been found within an intron of a Drosophila housekeeping gene (the Gart locus) that encodes three enzymes involved in the purine pathway. This intronic gene has been described as a gene within a gene, and the gene is now called a "nested" gene. Because the intronic PCP ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02603074
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new type of repeat unit was isolated from Balbiani ring 1 of Chironomus pallidivittatus and designated BR1 beta repeat. It consists of a constant and a subrepeated part, like previously described units belonging to the core blocks of the BR genes. The subrepeated part contains 10-codon subrepeats with an arrangement...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101191
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been argued that the common ancestor of about 75% of all dicots possessed an S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system. S-RNase genes should thus be found in most plant families showing GSI. The S-RNase gene (or a duplicate) may also acquire a new function and thus genes belonging to the S-RN...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9137-x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The usage of synonymous codons and the frequencies of amino acids were investigated in the complete genome of the bacterium Thermotoga maritima using a multivariate statistical approach. The GC3 content of each gene was the most prominent source of variation of codon usage. Surprisingly the usage of UGU and UGC (synon...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0040-y
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA polymerase III promoter is located within the coding region in all eukaryotic tRNA genes, whereas in prokaryotic tRNA genes, the promoter is located upstream of the transcription initiation site. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence context of the A and B boxes of RNA polymerase III promoters from different unicell...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-2504-8
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in DNA sequences are tandem iterations of a single nucleotide or a short oligonucleotide. SSRs are subject to slipped-strand mutations and a common source of phase variation in bacteria and antigenic variation in pathogens. Significantly long SSRs are generally rare in prokaryotic genome...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9166-5
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A long-standing hypothesis posits that morphological changes may be more likely to result from changes in regulation of gene expression than from changes in the protein coding sequences of genes. We have compared the expression pattern of the twisted gastrulation (tsg) gene among five Drosophila species: D. melanogast...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006293
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Copia is a retrotransposon that appears to be distributed widely among the Drosophilidae subfamily. Evolutionary analyses of regulatory regions have indicated that the Copia retrotransposon evolved through both positive and purifying selection, and that horizontal transfer (HT) could also explain its patchy distributi...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9435-6
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA sequences representing approximately 40% of the large-subunit rRNA gene from the lower dipteran Chironomus thummi were analyzed. Once aligned with their Drosophila counterparts, sequence and base content comparisons were carried out. Sequence identity was found to be high overall, except for six regions that displ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00173183
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male sex genes have shown a pattern of rapid interspecies divergence at both the coding and gene expression level. A common outcome from crosses between closely-related species is hybrid male sterility. Phenotypic and genetic studies in Drosophila sterile hybrid males have shown that spermatogenesis arrest is postmeio...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-010-9404-5
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
