Abstract:
:In an influential essay entitled Why abortion is wrong, Donald Marquis argues that killing actual persons is wrong because it unjustly deprives victims of their future; that the fetus has a future similar in morally relevant respects to the future lost by competent adult homicide victims, and that, as consequence, abortion is justifiable only in the same circumstances in which killing competent adult human beings is justifiable. The metaphysical claim implicit in the first premise, that actual persons have a future of value, is ambiguous. The Future Like Ours argument (FLO) would be valid if "future of value" were used consistently to mean either "potential future of value" or "self-represented future of value", and FLO would be sound if one or the other interpretation supported both the moral claim and the metaphysical claim, but if, as I argue, any interpretation which makes the argument valid renders it unsound, then FLO must be rejected. Its apparent strength derives from equivocation on the concept of "a future of value".
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Brown MTdoi
10.1136/jme.26.2.103keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-04-01 00:00:00pages
103-7issue
2eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of volunt...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.2.96
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Screening of newborns for permanent congenital or early-onset hearing impairment has emerged as an essential component of neonatal care in developed countries, following favourable outcomes from early intervention in the critical period for optimal speech and language development. Progress towards a similar programme ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014720
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The editorial in the September 1982 issue of this journal and many articles before and since have addressed the problem of informed consent. Is it possible? Is it a useful concept? Is there anything new to be said about it? In this article the basic rationale of the rule (patient autonomy) is explained and the extent ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.9.2.69
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of charged-particle radiation therapy (CPRT) is an increasingly important development in the treatment of cancer. One of the most pressing controversies about the use of this technology is whether randomised controlled trials are required before this form of treatment can be considered to be the treatment of c...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101290
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To allow patients to reflect about a decision to participate in a clinical trial, guidelines suggest a 24-h delay from when they are informed about the trial to when they give consent. In certain clinical settings, this is likely to hamper recruitment. METHOD:After oral and written information about the tri...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.033456
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doctors, for several reasons, should be concerned with exorcism is the view of Professor Trethowan, who in this paper, looks at the main features of exorcism as practised in the middle ages and now appearing in the modern world, as was seen in the recent Ossett case in Britain. He examines in some detail the nature of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore British community pharmacists' views on PAS, including professional responsibility, personal beliefs, changes in law and ethical guidance. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:A random sample of 320 registered full-time community pharmacists. RESULTS:The survey yielded ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.363
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The President's Council on Bioethics in 2008 reaffirmed the necessity of the dead donor rule and the legitimacy of the current criteria for diagnosing both neurological and cardiac death. In spite of this report,many have continued to express concerns about the ethics of donation after circulatory death, the ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101333
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ancillary care is care that research participants need that is not essential to make the research safe or scientifically valid and is not needed to remedy injuries that eventuate as a result of the research project itself. Ancillary care duties have recently been defended on the grounds of beneficence, entrustment, ut...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.035758
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Understanding the views of the public is essential if generally acceptable policies are to be devised that balance research access to general practice patient records with protection of patients' privacy. However, few large studies have been conducted about public attitudes to research access to personal h...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.037903
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In treating critically ill neonates, situations occasionally arise in which aggressive medical treatment prolongs the inevitable death rather than prolonging life. Decisions as to limitation of neonatal medical intervention remain controversial and the primary responsibility of the generally unprepared famil...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.3.164
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, new developments took place in the Dutch debate on the legislation of euthanasia. After a brief account of that debate, the article discusses a new government proposal for legislation in this field, which was submitted to the Dutch parliament in November 1991. This proposal relates not only to euthanasia but...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.3.138
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines one particular justification for the screening and termination of embryos/fetuses which possess genetic features known to cause disability. The particular case is that put forward in several places by John Harris. He argues that the obligation to prevent needless suffering justifies the prevention ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.6.380
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principles of autonomy and self-determination have been upheld as vital to modern-day medical and ethical practice. However, the complexities of current health care and changes in the expectation of some patients and their families justify a review of such concepts. Their limitations and relativities may suggest that ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.15.1.12
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teaching medical ethics by the case method may be enriched by adding to the principles-and-rules approach to practical reasoning modes of inquiry and interpretation that engage the moral imagination. :Carson and Higgs are strong advocates of the use of case studies in the teaching of medical ethics. Carson maintains...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.1.36
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper makes two main claims: first, that the need to protect health professionals' moral integrity is what grounds the right to conscientious objection in health care; and second, that for a given claim of conscientious objection to be acceptable to society, a certain set of criteria should be fulfilled. The impo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.043646
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the 1990s, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) has been the gold standard for monitoring glycaemic control in people diagnosed as having either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Discussions are underway about diagnosing diabetes mellitus on the basis of HbA1C titres and using HbA1C tes...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100086
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'right to the truth' involves disclosing all the pertinent facts to a patient so that an informed decision can be made. However, this concept of a 'right to the truth' entails certain ambiguities, especially since it is difficult to apply the concept in medical practice based mainly on current evidence-based data ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.033340
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Potentially life-shortening medical end-of-life practices (end-of-life decisions (ELDs)) remain subject to conceptual vagueness. This study evaluates how physicians label these practices by examining which of their own practices (described according to the precise act, the intention, the presence of an expli...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101854
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since Bennett, Draper, and Frith published a paper in this journal in 2000 considering the possible criminalisation of HIV transmission, an important legal development has taken place. February 2001 saw the first successful United Kingdom prosecution for the sexual transmission of disease for over a century, when Step...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.3.160
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining whether a research risk meets or exceeds a regulatory standard of risk acceptability is difficult. Recently a framework called the systematic evaluation of research risks (SERR) has been proposed as a method of comparing research risks with predetermined standards of acceptability. SERR purports to offer a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100194
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a few decades, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been treated with intracerebral transplantations of fetal mesencephalic tissue. The results of open trials have been variable. Double blind, placebo-controlled studies have recently been started in order to further investigate the efficacy of this new medi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.3.151
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In popular lay discourse, objections to human biological enhancement technologies are sometimes expressed in terms of the charge that they are unnatural. This paper critiques the literal claim that seems to be presented here, namely that such technologies are in some ordinary sense 'unnatural' and that it follows from...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-104991
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Adolescents have had very limited access to research on biomedical prevention interventions despite high rates of HIV acquisition. One concern is that adolescents are a vulnerable population, and trials carry a possibility of harm, requiring investigators to take additional precautions. Of particular concern ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100821
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Financial conflict of interest in clinical research is an area of active debate. While data exist on the perspectives and roles of academic institutions, investigators, industry sponsors, and scientific journals, little is known about the perspectives of potential research participants. METHODS:The authors ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001461
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is a growing phenomenon, fuelled by the notion that knowledge equals control. One ethical question that arises concerns the proband's duty to share information indicating genetic risks in their relatives. However, such duties are unenforceable and may result in the realisation of ant...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106966
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Informed consent and protection of patient confidentiality are central to the conduction of clinical research. Consent for chart review and contact (CCRC) allows a patient chart to be screened for research by persons outside the direct circle-of-care and for the patient to be contacted regarding potential stu...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101765
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper considers the ethics of routine antenatal HIV testing and the role of informed consent within such a policy in order to decide how we should proceed in this area--a decision that ultimately rests on the relative importance we give to public health goals on the one hand and respect for individual autonomy on...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018861
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unit 731, a biological warfare research organisation that operated under the authority of the Imperial Japanese Army in the 1930s and 1940s, conducted brutal experiments on thousands of unconsenting subjects. Because of the US interest in the data from these experiments, the perpetrators were not prosecuted and the at...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103177
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sterilisation is the most desired method of contraception worldwide. In 1996, the Brazilian Congress approved a family planning law that legitimised female and male sterilisation, but forbade sterilisation during childbirth. As a result of this law, procedures currently occur in a clandestine nature upon payment. Desp...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101142
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00