Abstract：
:A sensitive and precise gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method with selected ion monitoring has been developed for determination of ketamine in the brain using chlorpheniramine as an internal standard. The assay is based on the acid extraction of brain homogenate with hexane and ethyl ether with subsequent alkaline ethyl ether extraction. The analytical procedure has a coefficient of variation of 3.0-5.3% and from 3.8 to 6.1% for extraction from water or spiked brain samples, respectively. The lowest detectable level of ketamine was 1 ng in any brain region. This level of detection was used to measure the ketamine concentrations in cerebellum, brain stem, midbrain, hypothalamus, and cortex of C57B1/6 mice at awakening following intraperitoneal injection of a hypnotic dose. The ketamine concentrations in mouse brain were in the range from 41.6 to 48.6 ng/mg of tissue.
journal_name
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methodsjournal_title
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methodsauthors
Blednov YA,Simpson VJdoi
10.1016/s1056-8719(99)00023-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-04-01 00:00:00pages
91-5issue
2-3eissn
1056-8719issn
1873-488Xpii
S1056-8719(99)00023-4journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chronic use of beta2-agonists and increased production of inflammatory mediators during the late allergic reaction after antigen challenge results in the desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in the airways and the accompanying rise in nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we established an in vivo mo...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00046-x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of brain temperature during and after cerebral ischemia plays an important role in the evolution of neuronal damage. Therefore, it is essential to maintain brain temperature at 37 degrees C during and after the ischemic insult. To get information about brain temperature during the experimental procedure, re...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(92)90016-t
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In experimental pain research the effect of opioids is normally assessed by verbal subjective response to analgesia. However, as many confounders in pain assessment exist, objective bed-side assessment of the effect is highly warranted. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of morphine on three objectiv...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method, using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), was developed for screening xenobiotics in conjunction with neurological examinations, for defining toxicodynamic profiles of certain drugs and chemicals in the dog. The standard 10-channel montage was used to evaluate normotonic, auditory, visual, and somato...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(94)90008-6
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to optimize carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat with respect to dose, route of injection, and time course. METHODS:Male Wistar albino rats, 4 to 6 weeks old and weighing 130-180 g were used. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the activity of serum en...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1056-8719(03)00019-4
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) represent a major target of insecticides, belonging to the neonicotinoid family. However, the pharmacological profile of native nAChRs is poorly documented, mainly because of a lack of knowledge of their subunit stoichiometry, their tissue distribution and ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.004
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A review of numerous studies of the protein binding of vancomycin suggests major discrepancies among their results. The reported percent protein binding of vancomycin varies from 0% to 98%. The influence of pH and concentration on the protein binding of vancomycin was investigated in this study. There was a significan...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(92)90066-a
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article outlines a strategy for collecting accurate data for the determination of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of safety pharmacology models. This entails performing a retrospective analysis on commonly used safety pharmacology endpoints and an objective assessment of new non-clinical models....
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2009.05.011
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this investigation was to evaluate methods for increasing Caco-2 cell throughput for assessing drug intestinal absorption. The use of 6-, 12-, and 24-well membranes and the effect of membrane size on permeability and the integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayer were assessed. In an effort to optim...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00161-7
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of microdialysis technique for the investigation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs requires careful assessment of probe performance to ensure validity of the data obtained using this technique. The aim of this study was to establish and validate the microdialysis technique for investiga...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00117-9
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A credible animal overactive bladder model used in basic research is an indispensable harbinger of safe and ethical clinical trials on human subjects. Our objective was to develop a new animal model of a hyperactive bladder that will be void of inflammatory urothelium lesions and display significant sensit...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.04.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this research is to determine whether the administration of a complete soft food formula to sub-lethal irradiated animals from three different transgenic mouse strains over a period of 21 consecutive days will have a significant impact on the clinical signs, and the general survival rate of the animal...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2014.12.003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two methods of measuring body temperature were compared in common marmosets. Subcutaneous temperatures were measured remotely via previously implanted subcutaneous microchips (Plexx BV, IPTT-100) prior to measurement of rectal temperature using a conventional rectal probe. Marmosets were treated with saline or the bra...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00030-6
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of the present study was to compare sensitivity in detecting the drug-induced QT interval prolongation in three dog models: conscious telemetered at sinus rhythm and conscious and anesthetized dogs during atrial pacing. The test substances used represent different chemical classes with different ph...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2007.05.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Undesired immune responses against protein therapeutics may adversely affect the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the product. The presence of anti-drug-antibodies (ADA) has been the key determinant of immunogenic responses. Here we describe the use of a capillary electrophoresis platform for the identificati...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106872
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The analytical solutions to compartmental pharmacokinetic models are well known, but have not been presented in a form that easily allows for complex dosing regimen and changes in covariate/parameter values that may occur at discrete times within and/or between dosing intervals. METHODS:Laplace transforms...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.03.004
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A custom designed HD exposure system was used to deliver controlled inhaled doses to an animal model through an endotracheal tube. METHODS:Target HD vapor challenges were generated by a temperature controlled bubbler/aerosol trap, while concentration was monitored near real-time by gas chromatography. Ani...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2014.09.009
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Drug-induced QT interval prolongation may lead to ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of the study was to optimize QT interval data processing to quantify drug-induced QT interval prolongation in the telemetry instrumented conscious dog model. METHODS:The test substances cisapride, dofetilide, haloperidol, a...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2006.02.009
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of articles published in J Pharmacol Tox Methods describe new approaches, or modifications to those established (Curtis, 2006). However, even established methods have their limitations. It is part of the practice of research to troubleshoot: to identify methodological weaknesses and correct them. This pro...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2010.02.013
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a method for the rapid isolation of hepatocyte nuclei, which employs gentle homogenization and centrifugation conditions, and involves minimal processing time. The purified nuclei were morphologically unaltered when observed by light and electron microscopy. No significant contamination from cytoplas...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00082-8
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of acute myocardial infarction in the rat is an established model for studying effects of therapeutic interventions. Images of sections of the rat left ventricle, stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, were digitized and several parameters estimated by dedicated software on an image analyzer (IBAS 2.0). The met...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(95)00019-e
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In response to the ongoing shift of the regulatory cardiac safety paradigm, a recent White Paper proposed general principles for developing and implementing proarrhythmia risk prediction models. These principles included development strategies to validate models, and implementation strategies to ensure a m...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106890
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a typical flowchart for discovery of novel analgesic (or other) agents, a critical path often involves maximization of the separation of the therapeutic endpoint from known adverse-effect (AE) endpoint(s). Although strategies can easily be designed for in vitro paradigms such as high-throughput screening, extension...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00041-1
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical value of coronary vasodilators in antianginal therapy depends on the ratio of their epicardial versus resistance coronary vessel actions. The coronary flow measured in standard isolated heart preparations, however, does not allow any conclusion about the function of epicardial vessels. Thus, we establishe...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00096-8
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Parts A and B of the ICH S7 guidelines on safety pharmacology describe the in vivo studies that must be conducted prior to first time in man administration of any new pharmaceutical. ICH S7A requires a consideration of the sensitivity and reproducibility of the test systems used. This could encompass maint...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2013.04.008
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Although the effects of relatively high concentrations of endotoxin on endothelial activation/dysfunction and kidney markers has been described in literature, detailed insight in the LPS concentration-effect relationship, the magnitude, variability and timing of the response, and potential effects of endot...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2017.10.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a final guidance document on the preclinical determination of abuse potential that must be conducted in animals for all new molecular entities (NMEs) submitted for a new drug application (NDA). Under statutory restrictions government guidance documents serve only as...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2017.11.005
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Laboratory investigations into cholestatic liver disease and the effects of cholemia on organ function are long-standing subjects of scientific enquiry. A widely-used strategy to investigate these topics relies on animal-based research using experimental animal models. Targeted inactivation of the spgp gen...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2004.06.002
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We characterised the development of Type 2 diabetes and associated changes in islet appearance in female ZDF rats and explored its suitability for studies with novel therapeutic agents. METHODS:Female ZDF rats were either chow or high fat (60%) fed for up to 36 days and blood glucose and plasma insulin co...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2010.04.001
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison is made of four rat aortic preparations, that is, single ring, spiral strip, zig-zag strip, and multiple-ring, on the basis of the responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The single ring preparation was suitable under isometric, but not under isotonic conditions, because of the small iso...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(96)00023-8
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
