Abstract：
:Regulation of brain temperature during and after cerebral ischemia plays an important role in the evolution of neuronal damage. Therefore, it is essential to maintain brain temperature at 37 degrees C during and after the ischemic insult. To get information about brain temperature during the experimental procedure, researchers in previous works have made various attempts to correlate between brain and body temperature during and after ischemia. In the present study, brain temperature was measured when ischemia was performed either at 30 degrees C or at 20 degrees C environmental temperature. For this purpose a stainless-steel guide of a temperature probe was introduced through the bregma and implanted between both hemispheres of the rat. Rats were then subjected to a 10-min period of forebrain ischemia. Cerebral temperature was measured during ischemia and up to 90 min; in some experiments up to 4 hr after ischemia. In another group of experiments, ischemia was performed also at either 30 degrees C or 20 degrees C environmental temperature, and histological assessment of the rat hippocampus was carried out. In addition, the influence of chlorpromazine as a hypothermic agent on the cerebral temperature and the neuronal loss was also tested at both of the experimental conditions. Recording the brain temperature at both of the selected environmental temperatures suggests that it is possible to preserve cerebral normothermia during and after ischemia by working at 30 degrees C environmental temperature. On the other hand, brain temperature dropped sharply immediately after ischemia when working under 20 degrees C environmental temperature, and brain tissue was thereby protected against ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methodsjournal_title
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methodsauthors
Seif el Nasr M,Nuglisch J,Krieglstein Jdoi
10.1016/1056-8719(92)90016-tkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-03-01 00:00:00pages
23-6issue
1eissn
1056-8719issn
1873-488Xpii
1056-8719(92)90016-Tjournal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract：INTRODUCTION:Different methods for the analysis of behavioral observation data were compared to evaluate how the interpretation of a data set may depend on the analysis method employed. METHODS:Three methods of analysis were used to evaluate the same four sets of rodent behavioral FOB data: (1) evaluation by a trained...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2010.06.001
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and noninvasive method for the quantitative evaluation of neuromuscular blockade in mice. The sciatic nerve in anesthetized animals (etomidate, 50 mg/kg or mephenesin, 250 mg/kg) was stimulated using transcutaneous electrodes; repetitive supramaximal stimulations (3 Hz...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(92)90033-w
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In vitro metabolism models such as liver microsomes represent an important tool for the development of novel radioligands. Comparability and physiological relevance of in vitro metabolism data critically depend on the careful evaluation and optimization of assay protocols. We therefore investigated the inf...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The analytical solutions to compartmental pharmacokinetic models are well known, but have not been presented in a form that easily allows for complex dosing regimen and changes in covariate/parameter values that may occur at discrete times within and/or between dosing intervals. METHODS:Laplace transforms...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.03.004
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:MEKK1 is a 196-kDa serine-threonine kinase activated in response to a variety of stimuli, including EGF, lysophosphatidic acid, osmotic stress, UV light, and microtubule toxins. However, there are few reports about the expression level of MEKK1 in cancers. METHODS:In this report, a direct competitive ELIS...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2004.08.004
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Methods to determine infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury include gross staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and perfusion of colored dyes to demarcate the non-ischemic zone. Infarcted tissue (INF) can typically appear a mottled tan to brownish color, making a border between INF ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2006.06.005
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The combined evaluation of physiology and behaviour allows a complete and more comprehensive pre-clinical assessment of central nervous system (CNS) function. An integrated video-telemetric electroencephalography (Video-tEEG) system, which allows the simultaneous and continuous recording of EEG and video i...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2010.04.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origins of safety pharmacology are grounded upon observations that organ functions (like organ structures) can be toxicological targets in humans exposed to novel therapeutic agents, and that drug effects on organ functions (unlike organ structures) are not readily detected by standard toxicological testing. Safet...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2004.02.007
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative importance of the discipline of safety pharmacology (which integrates physiology, pharmacologyand toxicology) has evolved since the incorporation of the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) as an entity on August 10, 2000. Safety pharmacology (SP), as a synthesis of these other fields of knowledge, is concer...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.05.013
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In this paper the activity of cytoplasmatic antioxidant enzymes after multiple freeze-thaw cycles of samples of cytoplasm was assayed in order to characterise the limits that would be necessary to impose on experimental design. METHODS:The activities of antioxidant enzymes in samples of rat liver cytoplas...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2005.03.002
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review article describes various quantitation methods for the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (Glut4). Several methods including reconstituted glucose transport, cytochalasin B binding assays, immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, ELISA, and the more recently developed exofacial labels are discussed. Since Gl...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00036-1
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroencephalogram (EEG) data in nonclinical species can play a critical role in the successful evaluation of a compound during drug development, particularly in the evaluation of seizure potential and for monitoring changes in sleep. Yet, while non-invasive electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is commonly included in...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2016.03.002
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Xenobiotic metabolism in extrahepatic tissues has been extensively studied in vitro, but it is difficult to estimate in vivo the share of xenobiotic transformation in extrahepatic tissues for lack of a suitable approach. In this paper an in vivo rat model for assessment of extrahepatic metabolism is descri...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00135-6
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Evaluation of drug candidates in in-vitro assays of action potential duration (APD) is one component of preclinical safety assessment. Current assays are limited by technically-demanding, time-consuming electrophysiological methods. This study aimed to assess whether a voltage-sensitive dye-based assay cou...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2009.03.005
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin (i.p.) 14 days before use. In vivo airway hyperreactivity induced by ovalbumin inhalation was determined by challenging with aerosolized spasmogen (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] methacholine, the thromboxane-mimetic, U-46619, or adenosine) 24 hr before (7 days with adenosine) an...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(95)00093-3
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:A custom designed HD exposure system was used to deliver controlled inhaled doses to an animal model through an endotracheal tube. METHODS:Target HD vapor challenges were generated by a temperature controlled bubbler/aerosol trap, while concentration was monitored near real-time by gas chromatography. Ani...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2014.09.009
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Computational methods have been widely applied to toxicology across pharmaceutical, consumer product and environmental fields over the past decade. Progress in computational toxicology is now reviewed. METHODS:A literature review was performed on computational models for hepatotoxicity (e.g. for drug-indu...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2013.12.003
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorescent labeling of amine functional groups using dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl), and in sodium carbonate buffer, allowed the detection of 1 microg amounts of analytes. The methodology presented allows dansylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups at a temperature of 25 degrees C. The dansylation of terti...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00157-5
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this work was to compare the suitability of different pharmacodynamic models for PK-PD modeling of verapamil cardiovascular effects in aortic coarctated rats (ACo), a model of renovascular hypertension. METHODS:A "shunt" microdialysis probe was inserted in a carotid artery of anaesthetized sham...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2008.03.002
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this experiment was to establish the usefulness of assessing temporal variability of the QT interval and changes in the T wave morphology in dogs as markers of pro-arrhythmic risk in humans. For this purpose, the electrocardiographic effects of astemizole and cisapride, two well known pro-arrhyt...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical value of coronary vasodilators in antianginal therapy depends on the ratio of their epicardial versus resistance coronary vessel actions. The coronary flow measured in standard isolated heart preparations, however, does not allow any conclusion about the function of epicardial vessels. Thus, we establishe...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00096-8
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI/HESI) Cardiovascular Safety Subcommittee outlined a set of in vivo telemetry studies to determine how well this preclinical model identified compounds known to cause torsades de pointes (TdP) and prolong QT i...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2007.04.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All new molecular entities (NMEs) with targeted or indirect effects on the central nervous system (CNS) must be evaluated for their abuse liability as a part of their nonclinical development plan. Inherently key in the drug control review is the term "relative abuse liability". The basis for determination of drug cont...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2018.08.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) 8 and 9 are homologous, cytoplasmic postproline-cutting enzymes, which have similar enzymatic activity and preferred substrates as DPP4. DPP4 is a well-known target for treating diabetes mellitus. With the increased concern of non-selectivity and toxicities caused by DPP4 inhib...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2014.11.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was: (1) to characterize and assess the incidence of spontaneous arrhythmias in totally naive Beagle dogs (n=51; 10 males+41 females): (2) to study the effects of permanent ECG- and LVP-probe telemetry implants both acutely and up to 233days after surgery in a subset of 11 female ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2011.04.001
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by dipyrone (metamizol) and the possible participation of a peripheral mechanism on such synergism were studied with the use of the formalin test in the rat. Nociception was induced by the intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%) in the right hind paw. ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00046-0
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of angiotensin II (AII) receptor binding often necessitates freezing of the tissue of interest prior to assay of radioligand binding. This study evaluated the effects of freezing of various rat tissues at different rates on 125I-sarcosine1, isoleucine8 angiotensin II (125I-SI AII) binding to AII receptor su...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1056-8719(94)00061-8
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In recent years, the anesthetized guinea pig has been used increasingly to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of drug-candidate molecules during lead optimization prior to conducting longer, more resource intensive safety pharmacology and toxicology studies. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the co...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2013.04.010
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Quantification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release is a widely accepted assay for the quantitative determination of cell viability and late-stage apoptosis. Major disadvantages of commercially available LDH assay kits include proprietary formulations, limited options for optimization and high cost, all ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.vascn.2015.02.001
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, Calderone and Martinotti (J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 40:57-62, 1998) presented a simple equation for the estimation of agonist dissociation equilibrium constants from data obtained from receptor inactivation experiments using an irreversible, competitive antagonist. In the present paper, however, it is demonst...
journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1056-8719(99)00011-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
