Dimerization inhibits the activity of receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase-alpha.

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediated by T cells specific for a myelin antigen. Myelin basic protein has been studied as a potential autoantigen in the disease because of its role as an encephalitogen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and post-viral...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ota K,Matsui M,Milford EL,Mackin GA,Weiner HL,Hafler DA

更新日期：1990-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Mistranslation arising from confusion of serine for alanine by alanyl-tRNA synthetases (AlaRSs) has profound functional consequences. Throughout evolution, two editing checkpoints prevent disease-causing mistranslation from confusing glycine or serine for alanine at the active site of AlaRS. In both bacteria and mice,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guo M,Chong YE,Shapiro R,Beebe K,Yang XL,Schimmel P

更新日期：2009-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA polymerase (Pol) II produces messenger RNA during transcription of protein-coding genes in all eukaryotic cells. The Pol II structure is known at high resolution from X-ray crystallography for two yeast species. Structural studies of mammalian Pol II, however, remain limited to low-resolution electron microscopy a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bernecky C,Herzog F,Baumeister W,Plitzko JM,Cramer P

更新日期：2016-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The satellites Rhea and Dione orbit within the magnetosphere of Saturn, where they are exposed to particle irradiation from trapped ions. A similar situation applies to the galilean moons Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, which reside within Jupiter's radiation belts. All of these satellites have surfaces rich in water i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Noll KS,Roush TL,Cruikshank DP,Johnson RE,Pendleton YJ

更新日期：1997-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA replication in eukaryotes is strictly regulated by several mechanisms. A central step in this replication is the assembly of the heterohexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) helicase complex at replication origins during G1 phase as an inactive double hexamer. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we report...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li N,Zhai Y,Zhang Y,Li W,Yang M,Lei J,Tye BK,Gao N

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A multitude of heptahelical receptors use heterotrimeric G proteins to transduce signals to specific effector target molecules. The G protein transducin, Gt, couples photon-activated rhodopsin with the effector cyclic GMP phosophodiesterase (PDE) in the vertebrate phototransduction cascade. The interactions of the Gt ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Slep KC,Kercher MA,He W,Cowan CW,Wensel TG,Sigler PB

更新日期：2001-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The loose material--regolith--on the surfaces of asteroids is thought to represent ballistically emplaced ejecta from impacts but the identification of source craters and the detailed study of the regolith modification have been hampered by the limited spatial resolution and area coverage of the few asteroids imaged b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thomas PC,Veverka J,Robinson MS,Murchie S

更新日期：2001-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:An important step towards understanding the molecular basis of the functional diversity of voltage-gated K+ channels in the mammalian brain has been the discovery of a family of genes encoding rat brain K+ channel-forming (RCK) proteins. All species of these RCK proteins form homomultimeric voltage-gated K+ channels w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ruppersberg JP,Schröter KH,Sakmann B,Stocker M,Sewing S,Pongs O

更新日期：1990-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:NADH oxidation in the respiratory chain is coupled to ion translocation across the membrane to build up an electrochemical gradient. The sodium-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na(+)-NQR), a membrane protein complex widespread among pathogenic bacteria, consists of six subunits, NqrA, B, C, D, E and F. To ou...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Steuber J,Vohl G,Casutt MS,Vorburger T,Diederichs K,Fritz G

更新日期：2014-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The human transcription factor Sp1 binds upstream of certain viral and cellular promoters and activates initiation of RNA synthesis from these promoters by RNA polymerase II. The Sp1 binding sites of both simian virus 40 and a related monkey promoter contain multiple copies of the sequence GGGCGG, three or four of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gidoni D,Dynan WS,Tjian R

更新日期：1984-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Organelles display characteristic morphologies that are intimately tied to their cellular function, but how organelles are shaped is poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum is particularly intriguing, as it comprises morphologically distinct domains, including a dynamic network of interconnected membrane tubules....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Powers RE,Wang S,Liu TY,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate chromosome segregation requires timely dissolution of chromosome cohesion after chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. Separase is absolutely essential for cohesion dissolution in organisms from yeast to man. It cleaves the kleisin subunit of cohesin and opens the cohesin ring to allow chro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lin Z,Luo X,Yu H

更新日期：2016-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The current picture of galaxy evolution advocates co-evolution of galaxies and their nuclear massive black holes, through accretion and galactic merging. Pairs of quasars, each with a massive black hole at the centre of its galaxy, have separations of 6,000 to 300,000 light years (refs 2 and 3; 1 parsec = 3.26 light y...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fabbiano G,Wang J,Elvis M,Risaliti G

更新日期：2011-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was the first enzyme to have its three-dimensional structure determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. A catalytic mechanism, featuring a long-lived oxocarbenium-ion intermediate, was proposed on the basis of model-building studies. The 'Phillips' mechanism is widely held as the paradig...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vocadlo DJ,Davies GJ,Laine R,Withers SG

更新日期：2001-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Thewissen et al. describe new fossils from India that apparently support a phylogeny that places Cetacea (that is, whales, dolphins, porpoises) as the sister group to the extinct family Raoellidae, and Hippopotamidae as more closely related to pigs and peccaries (that is, Suina) than to cetaceans. However, our reanaly...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Geisler JH,Theodor JM

更新日期：2009-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations from Earth-orbiting satellites have been a key component in monitoring climate change for the past two decades. This has become possible with the availability of air temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) since 1979, sea surface temperatures from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wentz FJ,Schabel M

更新日期：2000-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzymes are the subset of proteins that catalyse the chemistry of life, transforming both macromolecular substrates and small molecules. The precise three-dimensional architecture of enzymes permits almost unerring selectivity in physical and chemical steps to impose remarkable rate accelerations and specificity in pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Walsh C

更新日期：2001-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is thought that immunity depends on naive CD4 T cells that proliferate in response to microbial antigens, differentiate into memory cells that produce anti-microbial lymphokines, and migrate to sites of infection. Here we use immunohistology to enumerate individual naive CD4 T cells, specific for a model antigen, i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reinhardt RL,Khoruts A,Merica R,Zell T,Jenkins MK

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that developing nerve fibres grow directly to their targets and are guided by specific cues, but the nature of these cues and the mechanism of guidance remain unknown. The growth of sympathetic axons towards an artificial source of nerve growth factor (NGF) in vivo and of sensory neurites up ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lumsden AG,Davies AM

更新日期：1983-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The antigen receptors on mature B lymphocytes are membrane-bound immunoglobulins of the IgM and IgD classes whose cross-linking by polyvalent antigens results in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. How these membrane-bound immunoglobulin chains, which lack a cytoplasmic tail, generate a cell activation signal is...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hombach J,Tsubata T,Leclercq L,Stappert H,Reth M

更新日期：1990-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain's circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether the grid ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stensola H,Stensola T,Solstad T,Frøland K,Moser MB,Moser EI

更新日期：2012-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Down's syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Development of the DS brain is associated with decreased neuronal number and abnormal neuronal differentiation, and adults with DS develop Alzheimer's disease. The cause of the neurodegenerative process in DS is unknown. Here we...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Busciglio J,Yankner BA

更新日期：1995-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes RNA with remarkable fidelity in vivo. Its low error rate may be achieved by means of a 'proofreading' mechanism comprised of two sequential events. The first event (backtracking) involves a transcriptionally upstream motion of RNAP through several base pairs, which ca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shaevitz JW,Abbondanzieri EA,Landick R,Block SM

更新日期：2003-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Alphabeta T lymphocytes are able to detect even a single peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. This is despite clear evidence, at least with CD4+ T cells, that monomeric ligands are not stimulatory. In an effort to understand how this remarkable sensitivity is ach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krogsgaard M,Li QJ,Sumen C,Huppa JB,Huse M,Davis MM

更新日期：2005-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50-120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Timmermann A,Friedrich T

更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiotypic networks regulate the immune response to a variety of antigens. Antibodies generated against other antibodies, called anti-idiotypic antibodies, can themselves mimic antigen and elicit a specific immune response. They have been shown to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to model antigens in the mous...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Forstrom JW,Nelson KA,Nepom GT,Hellström I,Hellström KE

更新日期：1983-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The normal cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) is a precursor to the pathogenic protease-resistant forms (PrPSc) believed to cause scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Its amino terminus contains the octapeptide PHGGGWGQ, which is repeated four times and is among the best-pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brown DR,Qin K,Herms JW,Madlung A,Manson J,Strome R,Fraser PE,Kruck T,von Bohlen A,Schulz-Schaeffer W,Giese A,Westaway D,Kretzschmar H

更新日期：1997-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoters of eukaryotic genes are being increasingly defined through the identification of consensus DNA sequences, by mutational analysis, and by in vitro and in vivo studies of transcription. Whereas the TATA sequence (Goldberg-Hogness box) has been largely conserved among protein encoding genes (transcribed by ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Russell PR

更新日期：1983-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioluminescent symbioses range from facultative associations to highly adapted, apparently obligate ones. The family Anomalopidae (flashlight fishes) encompasses five genera of tropical reef fishes that have large suborbital light organs. The suborder Ceratioidei (deep-sea anglerfishes) contains 11 families. In nine o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haygood MG,Distel DL

更新日期：1993-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In Fig. 3d this Letter, the R2 value should have been '0.19' instead of '0.66'; this has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hoyt JR,Langwig KE,White JP,Kaarakka HM,Redell JA,Kurta A,DePue JE,Scullon WH,Parise KL,Foster JT,Frick WF,Kilpatrick AM

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00