Abstract:
:Neurons typically receive synaptic input in their dendritic arbor, integrate inputs in their soma, and send output action potentials through their axon, following Cajal's law of dynamic polarization. Two notable exceptions are retinal amacrine cells and olfactory granule cells (GCs), which flout Cajal's edict by providing synaptic output from the same dendrites that collect synaptic input. Amacrine cells, a diverse cell class comprising >60 subtypes, employ various dendritic input/output strategies, but A17 amacrine cells (A17s) in particular share further interesting functional characteristics with GCs: both receive excitatory synaptic input from neurons in the primary glutamatergic pathway and return immediate, reciprocal feedback via GABAergic inhibitory synapses to the same synaptic terminals that provided input. Both neurons thereby process signals locally within their dendrites, shaping many parallels, signaling pathways independently. The similarities between A17s and GCs cast into relief striking differences that may indicate distinct processing roles within their respective circuits: First, they employ partially dissimilar molecular mechanisms to transform excitatory input into inhibitory output; second, GCs fire action potentials, whereas A17s do not. Third, GC signals may be influenced by cortical feedback, whereas the mammalian retina receives no such retrograde input. Finally, A17s constitute just one subtype within a diverse class that is specialized in a particular task, whereas the more homogeneous GCs may play more diverse signaling roles via multiple processing modes. Here, we review these analogies and distinctions between A17 amacrine cells and granule cells, hoping to gain further insight into the operating principles of these two sensory circuits.
journal_name
Front Cell Neuroscijournal_title
Frontiers in cellular neuroscienceauthors
Egger V,Diamond JSdoi
10.3389/fncel.2020.600537subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-05 00:00:00pages
600537issn
1662-5102journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) expression has previously been reported in Purkinje cells (PCs) of rodents and humans, but its role in the regulation of behavior is not understood. Catecholamines are well known for facilitating cognitive behaviors and are expressed in many regions of the brain. Here, we investigated a possi...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
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abstract::The adult hypothalamus regulates many physiological functions and homeostatic loops, including growth, feeding and reproduction. In mammals, the hypothalamus derives from the ventral diencephalon where two distinct ventricular proliferative zones have been described. Although a set of transcription factors regulating ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
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doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00384
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abstract::Clinical and experimental data suggest that fronto-cortical GABAergic deficits contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). To further test this hypothesis, we used a well characterized rat model for depression and examined the effect of stress on GABAergic neuron numbers and GABA-mediated syn...
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abstract::Orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons have complementary roles in various physiological functions including energy balance and the sleep/wake cycle. in vitro electrophysiological studies investigating these cells typically use post-weaning rodents, corresponding to adolescence. However, it is unclear ...
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doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00070
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abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations lie behind the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is usually a chronic condition caused by a lesion, or pathological change, within the nervous system. Neuropathic pain appears frequently after nerve and spinal cord injuries or dis...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:PURPOSE:Retinitis pigmentosa includes a group of progressive retinal degenerative diseases that affect the structure and function of photoreceptors. Secondarily to the loss of photoreceptors, there is a reduction in retinal vascularization, which seems to influence the cellular degenerative process. Retinal macroglial ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00484
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00100
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Alteration of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in cocaine-seeking behaviors. Astroglial mechanisms for maintaining extracellular glutamate homeostasis through cysteine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) and glutamate transporter GLT1 are dysregulated following cocaine exposur...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00581
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abstract::The remarkable ability of the nervous system to modify its structure and function is mostly experience and activity modulated. The molecular basis of neuronal plasticity has been studied in higher behavioral processes, such as learning and memory formation. However, neuronal plasticity is not restricted to higher brai...
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doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00105
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00062
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
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journal_title:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
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