Abstract：
:The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as contributing to the extent and limit of the inflammatory immune response. In addition, some of the early components of this cascade have been clearly shown to play a beneficial role in synapse elimination during the development of the nervous system, although excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the adult or injured brain may be detrimental in multiple neurogenerative disorders. While many of these later studies have been in mouse models, observations consistent with this notion have been reported in human postmortem examination of brain tissue. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of C1q, the initial recognition component of the classical complement pathway, that are independent of the rest of the complement cascade, as well as the relationship with other signaling pathways of inflammation (in the periphery as well as the central nervous system), highlights the need for a thorough understanding of these molecular entities and pathways to facilitate successful therapeutic design, including target identification, disease stage for treatment, and delivery in specific neurologic disorders. Here, we review the evidence for both beneficial and detrimental effects of complement components and activation products in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence for requisite co-factors for the diverse consequences are reviewed, as well as the recent studies that support the possibility of successful pharmacological approaches to suppress excessive and detrimental complement-mediated chronic inflammation, while preserving beneficial effects of complement components, to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
journal_name
J Neuroinflammationjournal_title
Journal of neuroinflammationauthors
Schartz ND,Tenner AJdoi
10.1186/s12974-020-02024-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-25 00:00:00pages
354issue
1issn
1742-2094pii
10.1186/s12974-020-02024-8journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Activation of microglia is a part of the inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases but its role in the pathophysiology of these diseases is still unclear. The osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse lacks colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and thus has a deficiency in microglia and macrophages. Prior reports ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-4-31
更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN; CD147, basigin) is an inducer of the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We reported previously that blocking EMMPRIN activity reduced neuroinflammation and severity of disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experime...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-9-64
更新日期：2012-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) in the last decades which is most likely driven by a change in environmental factors. Here, growing evidence suggests that ingredients of a Western diet like high intake of sodium chloride (NaCl) or saturate...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-017-0954-y
更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chungsim-Yeunja-Tang (CYT) has been used as a medicine for cerebral infarction (CI) patients in Korea. The objective of this study was to determine precisely the effect of CYT on CI patients using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS:For a clinical study, 47 CI patients were identified who ha...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-7-85
更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The rapid onset of potentially lethal neuroinflammation is a defining feature of viral encephalitis. Microglia and astrocytes are likely to play a significant role in viral encephalitis pathophysiology as they are ideally positioned to respond to invading central nervous system (CNS) pathogens by producing k...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-8-99
更新日期：2011-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data indicates anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-cognitive properties of noradrenaline and analyses of post-mortem brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients reveal major neuronal loss in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of CNS noradrenaline (NA). The LC has projections to brain ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-4-8
更新日期：2007-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Microglial dysfunction is implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Although studies have reported excessive microglial activation or senescence (dystrophy) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), few have explored this in FTLD. We examined regional patterns of microglial burden, activation and dystrophy ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-020-01907-0
更新日期：2020-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adult human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow have been reported to exhibit beneficial effects on spinal cord injury (SCI). A neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is known to decrease neuronal cell death and inflammatory response after ischemia, SCI, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-015-0252-5
更新日期：2015-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) restores inflammatory immune responses in AIDS patients which may unmask previous subclinical infections or paradoxically exacerbate symptoms of opportunistic infections. In resource-poor settings, 25% of patients receiving HAART may develop CNS-related immune rec...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-10-98
更新日期：2013-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) is upregulated in response to acute brain injury, and based on its immunoreactivity, two distinct forms have been identified: intracellular OPN within brain macrophages and small granular OPN, identified as OPN-coated degenerated neurites. This study investigates the spatiotemporal re...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-019-1489-1
更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells in brain tissue and microglia-mediated inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of various neuronal disorders. Recently, many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display a remarkable ability to modulate inflammatory and immune responses through ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-11-135
更新日期：2014-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation is considered a risk factor for impairments in neuronal function and cognition that arise with trauma, infection, and/or disease. IL-17A has been determined to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Recently, IL-17A has been shown to be upregulated in lipopoly...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-015-0394-5
更新日期：2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) plays an important role in the cascading inflammation following ischemic injury. The toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4)/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) signal pathway is involved in blood-brain barrier dysfunction induced by ischemia stroke. The aim of this study is to investigate t...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-020-01784-7
更新日期：2020-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease with no available therapy. Components of the innate immune system are activated in the spinal cord and central nervous system of ALS patients. Studies in the SOD1(G93A) mouse show deposition of C1q and C3/C3b at the motor en...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-016-0538-2
更新日期：2016-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss due to amyloid beta aggregations, neurofibrillary tangles, and prominent neuroinflammation. Recently, interference with neuroinflammation as a new therapeutic approach for AD treatment gained great interest. ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-015-0369-6
更新日期：2015-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Discoveries that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the pathological process of depression provided a new strategy for novel antidepressant therapy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor regulating inflammation and microglial polarization and, therefore, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-016-0728-y
更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, research suggests that environmentalfactors and neuroinflammation, as well as genetic factors, are contributors. This study aims to test the role that might be played by heat shock protein (HSP)70, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, C...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-9-265
更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Upregulated levels of 18-kDa translocator proteins (TSPO) and type 2 endocannabinoid receptors (CB2) are considered to reflect different aspects of microglia-related neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. Relative to the increase in the TSPO expression that occurs slightly later during neuroinflammation i...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-017-0851-4
更新日期：2017-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Persistent systemic infection results in excessive trafficking of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS), thereby contributing to sustained neuroinflammation that leads to neurocognitive deficits. In this study, we explored the role of opportunistic systemic infection with Streptococcu...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-015-0341-5
更新日期：2015-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and characteristically accompanied by downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerges to attenuate neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke; however, its effect on modulating microglial polarization is larg...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-019-1660-8
更新日期：2019-12-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conditions of inflammatory tissue distress are associated with high extracellular levels of adenosine, due to increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation upon cellular stress or the release of extracellular ATP upon cell death, which can be degraded to adenosine by membrane-bound ecto-enzymes like CD3...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-016-0512-z
更新日期：2016-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that exposure to intrauterine inflammation causes acute fetal brain injury and is linked to a spectrum of neurobehavioral disorders. In a rodent model of intrauterine inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in utero, activated microglia can be detected in the hippoc...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-017-0951-1
更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pharmaceutical treatment with probable anti-inflammatory substances that attack cells in various ways including receptors, ion channels, or transporter systems may slow down the progression of inflammatory conditions. Astrocytes and microglia are the most prominent target cells for inflammation in the centra...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-018-1361-8
更新日期：2018-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Opioid receptors are known to control neurotransmission of various peptidergic neurons, but their potential role in regulation of microglia and neuronal cell communications is unknown. We investigated the role of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and delta-opioid receptors (DOR) on microglia in the regulation of apo...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-017-0844-3
更新日期：2017-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord injuries remain a critical issue in experimental and clinical research nowadays, and it is now well accepted that the immune response and subsequent inflammatory reactions are of significant importance in regulating the damage/repair balance after injury. The role of macrophages in such nervous system lesi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12974-014-0150-2
更新日期：2014-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as vincristine (VCR) is neuropathic pain, which is poorly managed at present. Chemokine-mediated immune cell/neuron communication in preclinical VCR-induced pain forms an intriguing basis for the development of analgesics. In a murine VCR model, CX3...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-018-1116-6
更新日期：2018-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The cystine/glutamate antiporter (xc-) has been implicated in several neurological disorders and, specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a mediator of glutamate excitotoxicity and proinflammatory immune responses. We aimed to evaluate an xc-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, (4S)-4...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-018-1080-1
更新日期：2018-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The neurological basis for autism is still not fully understood, and the role of the interaction between neuro-inflammation and neurotransmission impairment needs to be clearer. This study aims to test the possible association between impaired levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, ox...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1742-2094-11-4
更新日期：2014-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prognosis of bacterial meningitis largely depends on the severity of the inflammatory response. The transcription factor CAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Consequently, we assessed the role of C/EBPδ durin...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12974-015-0309-5
更新日期：2015-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is a common and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Seizures contribute to progressive neurodegeneration and poor functional and psychosocial outcomes for TBI survivors, and epilepsy after TBI is often resistant to existing anti-epileptic drugs. The development of post-traumati...
journal_title：Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12974-016-0786-1
更新日期：2017-01-13 00:00:00
