Antigenic Variability.

abstract：:B7 proteins CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are expressed on most antigen-presenting cells and provide critical co-stimulatory or inhibitory input to T cells via their T-cell-expressed receptors: CD28 and CTLA-4. CD28 is expressed on effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CD28-dependent signals are required ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Brzostek J,Gascoigne NR,Rybakin V

更新日期：2016-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Children may be the optimal target for HIV vaccine development as they generate substantially more frequent and more potent broadly HIV neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) than adults. Development of a biomarker that correlates with neutralization breadth in this group could function as a powerful tool to facilitate the d...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Roider J,Porterfield JZ,Ogongo P,Muenchhoff M,Adland E,Groll A,Morris L,Moore PL,Ndung'u T,Kløverpris H,Goulder PJR,Leslie A

更新日期：2019-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncontrolled activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β results in a wide range of pathologic conditions. Therapeutic interventions to regulate TGF-β signaling during fibrosis have been developed but the effectiveness is still limited. Here, we show that developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) ameliorates fibr...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Kim DY,Lee SH,Fu Y,Jing F,Kim WY,Hong SB,Song JA,Choe H,Ryu HJ,Kim M,Lim D,Kim MS,Yun CO,Lee T,Hyun H,Choi EY

更新日期：2020-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the ongoing threat of pandemics caused by novel, previously unrecognized, or mutated pathogens with high transmissibility. Currently, vaccine development is too slow for vaccines to be used in the control of emerging pandemics. RNA-based vaccines might be suitable to meet this challe...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Sandbrink JB,Shattock RJ

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune checkpoint inhibitors that block the programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 pathway have significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Immunotherapies are only effective in 15-40% of melanoma patients and resistance is associated with defects in antigen presentation and interferon signa...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Alavi S,Stewart AJ,Kefford RF,Lim SY,Shklovskaya E,Rizos H

更新日期：2018-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In lymphocytes, immune receptor signals induce the rapid nuclear translocation of preformed cytosolic NFAT proteins. Along with co-stimulatory signals, persistent immune receptor signals lead to high levels of NFATc1/αA, a short NFATc1 isoform, in effector lymphocytes. Whereas NFATc1 is not expressed in plasma cells, ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Muhammad K,Rudolf R,Pham DAT,Klein-Hessling S,Takata K,Matsushita N,Ellenrieder V,Kondo E,Serfling E

更新日期：2018-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis are responsible for the death of about 4.5 million people each year and are the main causes of mortality in children under 5 years of age. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with severe pneumonia, although other Gram-positive an...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Vázquez R,García E,García P

更新日期：2018-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-23 is considered a critical regulator of IL-17 in Th17 cells; however, its requirement for inducing IL-17 production in other human immune subsets remains incompletely understood. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells uniformly express retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) but only a ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Cole S,Murray J,Simpson C,Okoye R,Tyson K,Griffiths M,Baeten D,Shaw S,Maroof A

更新日期：2020-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV infection profoundly affects many parameters of the immune system and ultimately leads to AIDS, yet which factors are most important for determining resistance, pathology, and response to antiretroviral treatment - and how best to monitor them - remain unclear. We develop a quantitative high-throughput sequencing ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Heather JM,Best K,Oakes T,Gray ER,Roe JK,Thomas N,Friedman N,Noursadeghi M,Chain B

更新日期：2016-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, only clinically diagnosed since the lack of reliable biomarkers. Autism etiology is probably attributable to the combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental factors, and recently, maternal immune activation has been...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Balestrieri E,Cipriani C,Matteucci C,Benvenuto A,Coniglio A,Argaw-Denboba A,Toschi N,Bucci I,Miele MT,Grelli S,Curatolo P,Sinibaldi-Vallebona P

更新日期：2019-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a well-recognized immunomodulatory cytokine which plays critical roles in tissue function and immune-mediated diseases. The abundant expression of IL-33 in brain and spinal cord prompted many scientists to explore its unique role in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological and pat...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Fairlie-Clarke K,Barbour M,Wilson C,Hridi SU,Allan D,Jiang HR

更新日期：2018-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients frequently acquire Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections that have been associated with a bad prognosis and an increased rate of pulmonary exacerbations. Respiratory viruses can cause exacerbations in chronic pulmonary diseases including COPD or asthma and have been suggested to contribute to...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Sörensen M,Kantorek J,Byrnes L,Boutin S,Mall MA,Lasitschka F,Zabeck H,Nguyen D,Dalpke AH

更新日期：2020-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. GVHD is characterized by an imbalance between the effector and regulatory arms of the immune system which results in the over production of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, there is a persistent reduction...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Beres AJ,Drobyski WR

更新日期：2013-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:TNFAIP3 encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20. High-penetrance heterozygous mutations in TNFAIP3 cause a haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20), inadequate inhibition of NF-κB pathway, and an early onset autoinflammatory disorder. However, the clinical phenotype of patients with HA20 varies greatly and clinical diagnoses...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Lawless D,Pathak S,Scambler TE,Ouboussad L,Anwar R,Savic S

更新日期：2018-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of donor-specific transplant tolerance is one of the main goals of modern immunology. Establishment of a mixed chimerism state in the transplant recipient has proven to be a suitable strategy for the induction of long-term allograft tolerance; however, current experimental recipient preconditioning proto...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Ruiz P,Maldonado P,Hidalgo Y,Sauma D,Rosemblatt M,Bono MR

更新日期：2015-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunomodulator Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory activities and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory diseases. Expression levels of MIF are also significantly elevated in the skin and serum of psoriasis patients, but the pathogenic signific...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Bezdek S,Leng L,Busch H,Mousavi S,Rades D,Dahlke M,Zillikens D,Bucala R,Sadik CD

更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies are commonly used in organ transplant induction therapy and to treat autoimmune disorders. The effects of some biologics on the human immune system remain incompletely characterized and a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action may provide useful insights for their clinical application. The goal ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Binder C,Sellberg F,Cvetkovski F,Berglund E,Berglund D

更新日期：2020-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Circumventricular organs (CVOs), neural structures located around the third and fourth ventricles, harbor, similarly to the choroid plexus, vessels devoid of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). This enables them to sense immune-stimulatory molecules in the blood circulation, but may also increase chances of exposure to micro...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Bentivoglio M,Kristensson K,Rottenberg ME

更新日期：2018-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is particularly virulent in the elderly while children are largely spared. Here, we explored the potential role of cross-reactive immunity acquired from pediatric vaccinations and exposure to common human pathogens in the protection and pathology of...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Reche PA

更新日期：2020-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neurological disorder typified by skeletal muscle fatigue and most often production of autoantibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of AChR-peptide recognition in MG patients using co-culturing (DC:TC) ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Sharma S,Malmeström C,Lindberg C,Meisel S,Schön K,Verolin M,Lycke NY

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system plays a significant role in controlling systemic metabolism. Innate-like T (ILT) cells in particular, such as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and γδ T cell receptor expressing cells, have been reported to promote metabolic homeostasis. However, the...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Li Y,Woods K,Parry-Strong A,Anderson RJ,Capistrano C,Gestin A,Painter GF,Hermans IF,Krebs J,Gasser O

更新日期：2020-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) with antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have changed the standard of care in multiple cancers. However, durable antitumor responses have been observed in only a minority of patients, indicating the presence of other i...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Hack SP,Zhu AX,Wang Y

更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:B cell activation via the B cell receptor (BCR) signalosome involves participation of signaling molecules such as BTK and BLNK. Genetic defects in these molecules are known to impair B cell differentiation and subsequently lead to agammaglobulinemia. Here we identified novel mutations in BTK and BLNK in two unrelated ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Geier CB,Sauerwein KMT,Leiss-Piller A,Zmek I,Fischer MB,Eibl MM,Wolf HM

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to limited sepsis patient cohort size and extreme heterogeneity, only one significant locus and suggestive associations at several independent loci were implicated by three genome-wide association studies. However, genes from such suggestive loci may also provide crucial information to unravel genetic mechanisms t...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Le KTT,Matzaraki V,Netea MG,Wijmenga C,Moser J,Kumar V

更新日期：2019-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation requires chromatin decondensation before nuclear swelling and eventual extracellular release of DNA, which occurs together with nuclear and cytoplasmic antimicrobial proteins. A key mediator of chromatin decondensation is protein deiminase 4 (PAD4), which catalyzes histone...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Clark HL,Abbondante S,Minns MS,Greenberg EN,Sun Y,Pearlman E

更新日期：2018-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Candida is a dominant fungal pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, leading to opportunistic infections. Complement with its multifaceted functions is involved in the immune defense against this yeast, and recently several novel aspects have emerged in this old battle. It is clear that Candida can adopt both roles as a ...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Harpf V,Rambach G,Würzner R,Lass-Flörl C,Speth C

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunosuppressive factors, such as soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related peptide A (sMICA) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), are involved in tumor immune escape mechanisms (TIEMs) exhibited by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and may represent opportunities for the...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Klöss S,Chambron N,Gardlowski T,Weil S,Koch J,Esser R,Pogge von Strandmann E,Morgan MA,Arseniev L,Seitz O,Köhl U

更新日期：2015-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a significant global health issue causing annual epidemics, pandemics, and sporadic human infections with highly pathogenic avian or swine influenza viruses. Current inactivated and live vaccines are the mainstay of the public health response to influenza, although vaccine efficacy is l...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Sridhar S

更新日期：2016-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Background: Butyric acid (BA) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with anti-inflammatory properties, which promotes intestinal barrier function. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including caproic acid (CA), promote TH1 and TH17 differentiation, thus supporting inflammation. Aim: Since most SCFAs are absorbed in the cec...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Saresella M,Marventano I,Barone M,La Rosa F,Piancone F,Mendozzi L,d'Arma A,Rossi V,Pugnetti L,Roda G,Casagni E,Cas MD,Paroni R,Brigidi P,Turroni S,Clerici M

更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional impairment of T-cells and a concomitant augmented expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) have been observed in visceral leishmaniasis patients, as well as in experimental models for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The PD-1/PD-1-ligand (PD-1/PD-L) interaction negatively regulates T-cell effector funct...

journal_title：Frontiers in immunology

authors： Filippis C,Arens K,Noubissi Nzeteu GA,Reichmann G,Waibler Z,Crauwels P,van Zandbergen G

更新日期：2017-12-22 00:00:00