Abstract:
:HIV infection profoundly affects many parameters of the immune system and ultimately leads to AIDS, yet which factors are most important for determining resistance, pathology, and response to antiretroviral treatment - and how best to monitor them - remain unclear. We develop a quantitative high-throughput sequencing pipeline to characterize the TCR repertoires of HIV-infected individuals before and after antiretroviral therapy, working from small, unfractionated samples of peripheral blood. This reveals the TCR repertoires of HIV(+) individuals to be highly perturbed, with considerably reduced diversity as a small proportion of sequences are highly overrepresented. HIV also causes specific qualitative changes to the repertoire including an altered distribution of V gene usage, depletion of public TCR sequences, and disruption of TCR networks. Short-term antiretroviral therapy has little impact on most of the global damage to repertoire structure, but is accompanied by rapid changes in the abundance of many individual TCR sequences, decreases in abundance of the most common sequences, and decreases in the majority of HIV-associated CDR3 sequences. Thus, high-throughput repertoire sequencing of small blood samples that are easy to take, store, and process can shed light on various aspects of the T-cell immune compartment and stands to offer insights into patient stratification and immune reconstitution.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Heather JM,Best K,Oakes T,Gray ER,Roe JK,Thomas N,Friedman N,Noursadeghi M,Chain Bdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00644subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-11 00:00:00pages
644issn
1664-3224journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mast cells (MCs) are considered as key effector cells in the elicitation of allergic symptoms, and they are essential players in innate and adaptive immune responses. In mice, two main types of MCs have been described: connective tissue MCs (CTMCs) and mucosal MCs (MMCs). However, little is known about the biological ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02399
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have profound effects on human health. Consequently, there is great interest in identifying, characterizing, and understanding factors that initiate these changes. Despite their high prevalence, studies have only recently begun to investigate how viral lung infectio...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00182
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abstract::Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunits p110α and p110δ are targets in cancer therapy expressed at high levels in T lymphocytes. The role of p110δ PI3K in normal or pathological immune responses is well established, yet the importance of p110α subunits in T cell-dependent immune responses is n...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00332
更新日期:2018-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the few patients with homozygous CD70 deficiency described to date suffered from EBV-related malignancies in early childhood. We present a woman with CD70 deficiency diagnosed in adulthood. She presented in childhood with recurrent airway infections due to encapsulated bacteria, herpes zoster and a fulminant E...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type:
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更新日期:2020-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines aiming to promote T-cell-mediated immune responses have so far showed limited efficacy, and there is a need for novel strategies. Studies indicate that autophagy plays an inherent role in antigen processing and presentation for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Here, we report a novel vaccine strategy based on fusio...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00167
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Among all T and NK cell subsets, regulatory T (Treg) cells typically respond to the lowest concentrations of IL-2 due to elevated surface expression of the IL-2R alpha chain (IL2RA; CD25) and the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex. This enhanced sensitivity forms the basis for low-dose (LD) IL-2 therapy for t...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02626
更新日期:2018-11-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02160
更新日期:2019-10-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 1376 in vol. 8, PMID: 29104576.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01735
更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00556
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00619
更新日期:2018-03-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00775
更新日期:2019-04-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00567
更新日期:2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Platelets (PLTs) are the major source of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a protein that is involved in sterile inflammation of blood vessels and thrombosis. Megakaryocytes (MKs) synthesize HMGB1 and transfer both protein and mRNA into PLTs and PLT-derived microvesicles (MV). Free HMGB1 found in supernatants of in v...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01946
更新日期:2018-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Targeting costimulatory molecules with antagonist antibodies could dampen the excessive immune response that occurs, while preserving the beneficial graft vs leukemia (GVL) of the allogeneic response. Previou...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00756
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The immune regulatory properties of semaphorin3A (sema3A) (both innate and adaptive) are well established in many in vitro studies. The injection of sema3A into a mice model of rheumatoid arthritis was proven to be highly beneficial, both in attenuating clinical symptoms and in decreasing inflammatory mechan...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00634
更新日期:2018-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor antigen-driven selection may expand T cells having T cell receptors (TCRs) of shared antigen specificity but different amino acid or nucleotide sequence in a process known as TCR convergence. Substitution sequencing errors introduced by TCRβ (TCRB) repertoire sequencing may create artifacts resembling TCR conver...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02985
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::A new paradigm of mucosal vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been investigated in the macaque model. A vaccine consisting of inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac239 particles together with a living bacterial adjuvant (either the Calmette and Guerin bacillus, Lactobacillu...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00297
更新日期:2014-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::The potential of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) to shape immune responses and restore tolerance has turn them into a promising therapeutic tool for cellular therapies directed toward immune regulation in autoimmunity. Although the cellular mechanisms by which these cells can exert their regulatory function are w...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01171
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammasome activation can trigger an inflammatory and innate immune response through the release of cytokines and induction of pyroptosis. A dysfunctional inflammasome has been implicated in the development of human pathologies, including sepsis and septic shock. Here, we show that advanced glycosylation end-product...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01904
更新日期:2019-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Multiple solid cancers contain tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO). However, it is unclear whether they promote tumor rejection, facilitate tumor evasion, or simply whether they are a byproduct of chronic inflammation. We hypothesize that although chronic inflammation induces TLO formation, the tumor milieu can mo...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00563
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive immune response is initiated in lymph nodes by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific T cells. A selected number of naïve T cells that recognize a specific antigen may proliferate into expanded clones, differentiate, and acquire an effector phenotype. Despite growing ex...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01289
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00571
更新日期:2014-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::CD28:CD80/86 pathway costimulation blockade (CoB) with the CD80/86-specific fusion protein CTLA4-Ig prevents T cell-mediated allograft rejection in mice. However, in humans, transplantation with CoB has been hampered by CoB-resistant rejection (CoBRR). CoBRR has been attributed in part to pathogen-driven T cell repert...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01371
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes with potent cytolytic and immune-regulatory activities. NK cells are well-known for their ability to kill infected and malignant cells in a fast and non-specific way without prior sensitization. For this purpose, NK cells are equipped with a set of cytotoxic mole...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03089
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00280
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Infection with HIV-2, a retrovirus that is closely related to HIV-1, is characterized by slower disease progression and transmission, longer latency period and low or undetectable viremia. Host immunity, including production of potent neutralizing antibodies, may be one of the possible contributors to the ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02841
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ), which is essential for T cell function and survival, is also required for efficient anti-tumor immune surveillance. Natural killer (NK) cells, which express PKCθ, play a prominent role in this process, mainly by elimination of tumor cells with reduced or absent major histocompatibility c...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00187
更新日期:2012-07-05 00:00:00