Abstract:
:In dairy herds, mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is difficult to completely cure on the account that S. aureus can invade bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and result in persistent infection in the mammary gland. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy can participate in cell homeostasis by eliminating intracellular microorganisms. The aim of the study was to investigate why S. aureus can evade autophagy clearance and survive in BMECs. The intracellular infection model was first constructed; then, the bacteria in autophagosome was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagy flux induced by the S. aureus was also evaluated by immunoblot analysis and fluorescent labeling method for autophagy marker protein LC3. In addition, lysosomal alkalization and degradation ability were assessed using confocal microscopy. Results showed that, after infection, a double-layer membrane structure around the S. aureus was observed in BMECs, indicating that autophagy occurred. The change in autophagy marker protein and fluorescent labeling of autophagosome also confirmed autophagy. However, as time prolonged, the autophagy flux was markedly inhibited, leading to obvious autophagosome accumulation. At the same time, the lysosomal alkalization and degradation ability of BMECs were impaired. Collectively, these results indicated that S. aureus could escape autophagic degradation by inhibiting autophagy flux and damaging lysosomal function after invading BMECs.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Geng N,Wang X,Yu X,Wang R,Zhu Y,Zhang M,Liu J,Liu Ydoi
10.3389/fimmu.2020.00746subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-05 00:00:00pages
746issn
1664-3224journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly produced by microbiota through the fermentation of carbohydrates in the intestine. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the most abundant SCFA metabolites and have been shown to be important in the maintenance of host health. In this study, head kidney macrophages (HKMs) wer...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.615536
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The hemostatic properties of tranexamic acid (TXA) are well described, but the immunological effects of TXA administration after traumatic injury have not been thoroughly examined. We hypothesized TXA would reduce monocyte activation in bleeding trauma patients with severe injury. Methods:This was a single ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02085
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune myopathies (myositides) are strongly associated with malignancy. The link between myositis and cancer, originally noticed by Bohan and Peter in their classification in 1975 (1), has been evidenced by large population-based cohort studies and a recent meta-analysis. The numerous reports of cases in which the...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00992
更新日期:2017-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse life circumstances evoke a common "conserved transcriptional response to adversity" (CTRA) in mammalian leukocytes. To investigate whether this pattern is preserved in lower vertebrates, maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) were exposed for 9 days to different stocking densities: ~10 kg/m3 (low density), ~33 ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00631
更新日期:2016-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Defensins represents an integral part of the innate immune system serving to ward off potential pathogens and to protect the intestinal barrier from microbial encroachment. In addition to their antimicrobial activities, defensins in general, and human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) in particular, also exhibit immunomodulatory ca...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00093
更新日期:2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::There is far less information available about the tumor infiltrating B (TIL-B) cells, than about the tumor infiltrating T cells. We focused on discovering the features and potential role of B lymphocytes in solid tumors. Our project aimed to develop innovative strategies to define cancer membrane structures. We chose ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00650
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-related mortality and morbidity imposes a great deal of health concern across the globe. The existing anti-leishmanial drug regimen generally fails to eliminate newly emerging resistant isolates of this dreadful parasite. In such circumstances, the development of a prophylactic strategy to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00817
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Transition from resting to cell cycle in response to antigenic stimulation is an essential step for naïve CD8+ T cells to differentiate to effector and memory cells. Leaving the resting state requires dramatic changes of chromatin status in the key cell cycle inhibitors but the details of these concerted events are no...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00549
更新日期:2018-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::IL-1β and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are linked to inflammation. Activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and, thus, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions, including multiple sclerosis...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02578
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the transmembrane receptor and ectoenzyme CD38, a protein highly expressed on hematological malignant cells, including those in multiple myeloma (MM). Upon binding to CD38-expressing MM cells, isatuximab is thought to induce tumor cell killing via fragment crystallizable (...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01771
更新日期:2020-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::The vast majority of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, a process that requires evasion of the host immune system. In addition, a significant percentage of cancer patients do not benefit from our current immunotherapy arsenal due to either primary or secondary immunotherapy resistance. Importantly, select su...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02876
更新日期:2019-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral comorbidities (depression, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and neuropathic pain) are prevalent in cancer patients and survivors. These mental and neurological health issues reduce quality-of-life, which is a significant societal concern given the increasing rates of long-term survival after variou...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01195
更新日期:2018-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Resident memory T cells (TRM) are broadly defined as a population of T cells, which persist in non-lymphoid sites long-term, do not re-enter the circulation, and are distinct from central memory T cells (TCM) and circulating effector memory T cells (TEM). Recent studies have described populations of TRM cells in the s...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00320
更新日期:2014-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells constitutively express ß-catenin and expand in solid tumors such as colon and skin cancer. However, the role of ß-catenin signaling in mast cells and the cause or effect of mast cell expansion and tumor growth has yet to be established. In earlier studies we used mast cell depletion and protease staining ap...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02777
更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells are implicated as detrimental players in inflammatory lung diseases, particularly asthma. Mast cells respond to activating stimuli by releasing a wide panel of pro-inflammatory compounds that can contribute profoundly to the pathology, and there is currently an unmet need for strategies that efficiently ame...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01645
更新日期:2017-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::In human brucellosis, the liver is frequently affected. Brucella abortus triggers a profibrotic response on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) characterized by inhibition of MMP-9 with concomitant collagen deposition and TGF-β1 secretion through type 4 secretion system (T4SS). Taking into account that it has been reported ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03036
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a major contributor to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During IR injury, an intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. Neutrophils are considered central players in the events that lead to liver injury. CXC chemokines mediate hepatic inflammation following rep...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01917
更新日期:2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Tumors are composed of abnormally transformed cell types and tissues that differ from normal tissues in their genetic and epigenetic makeup, metabolism, and immunology. Molecular compounds that modulate the immune response against neoplasms offer promising new strategies to combat cancer. Inhibitors targeting the indo...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00151
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have identified CD49a+Eomes- and CD49a+Eomes+ subsets of tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells in different organs of the mouse. However, the characteristics of CD49a+Eomes-/+ NK cell development and the regulation of Eomes expression in NK cells remain unclear. Here, we established an in vitro cytokine-based...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02126
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-driven myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with clonal myelopoiesis, elevated risk of death due to thrombotic complications, and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). JAK2 inhibitors improve the quality of life for MPN patients, but these approved therapeutics do not ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.604142
更新日期:2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Platelets are anucleate cells produced by megakaryocytes. In recent years, a robust body of literature supports the evolving role of platelets as key sentinel and effector cells in infectious diseases, especially critical in bridging hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune continuums. Upon intravascular pathogen invasion...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02204
更新日期:2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate and regulate T cells is critical to effective anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to fully recognize any inherent factors which may influence DC function under experimental conditions, especially in laboratory mice since they are used so heavily to model im...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00023
更新日期:2014-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Newborns are at significantly increased risk of severe disease following infection with influenza virus. This is the collective result of their naïve status, altered immune responsiveness, and the lack of a vaccine that is effective in these individuals. Numerous studies have revealed impairments in both the innate an...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.568651
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant Adenovirus (Ad) based vectors have been utilized extensively as a gene transfer platform in multiple pre-clinical and clinical applications. These applications are numerous, and inclusive of both gene therapy and vaccine based approaches to human or animal diseases. The widespread utilization of these vect...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2011.00040
更新日期:2011-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in common variable immunodeficiency diseases (CVID) was evaluated by different tools, which were mainly used to compare different schedules of immunoglobulins administration in cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal studies. We assessed the HRQoL and psychological status of C...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00605
更新日期:2014-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe dis...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226
更新日期:2018-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Many immune cells and effector molecules (e.g. cytokines, Interferons, growth factors) utilize different combinations of Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) molecules to transduce signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. This pathway is...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.591176
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hyaluronan (HA), the major extracellular matrix component, is often anchored to CD44, a family of structurally/functionally important cell surface receptors. Recent results indicate that UV irradiation (UVR)-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) overexpress a variety of CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v), with d...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00224
更新日期:2015-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The diseases caused by African trypanosomes (AT) are of both medical and veterinary importance and have adversely influenced the economic development of sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, so far not a single field applicable vaccine exists, and chemotherapy is the only strategy available to treat the disease. These strictl...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00233
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), found in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), are shown to correlate with overall survival (OS) rate. Although majority of TILs consist of CD8+/CD4+ T cells, the presence of NK cells and their role in the pathogenesis of PDAC remains elusive. We perform...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00496
更新日期:2019-04-09 00:00:00