Abstract:
Background:In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is associated with greater increases in all fasting cholesterol subgroups compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Because lipid abnormalities may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular risk assessment is integral to routine HIV care. This post hoc study evaluates the impact of lipid changes on predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and statin eligibility in treatment-naive adults living with HIV treated with TAF or TDF. Methods:Participants (N = 1744) were randomized (1:1) to initiate TAF or TDF, each coformulated with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine (studies GS-US-292-0104 and GS-US-292-0111). Eligibility for statin therapy and estimated 10-year ASCVD risk among adults aged 40-79 years treated with TAF or TDF for 96 weeks (W96) were analyzed based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations. Categorical shifts in 10-year ASCVD risk from <7.5% to ≥7.5% by W96 on TAF versus TDF were calculated. Results:Participants initiating TAF versus TDF in the overall study population showed small but significant increases in median fasting lipid parameters at W96, including total cholesterol (191 vs 177 mg/dL; P < .001), low-density lipoprotein ([LDL] 119 vs 112 mg/dL; P < .001), and high-density lipoprotein ([HDL] 51 vs 48 mg/dL; P < .001), respectively. At baseline, 18% and 23% on TAF versus TDF had a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥7.5%, with mean risk scores low overall for TAF versus TDF at baseline (4.9% vs 5.4%; P = .35) and W96 (6.1% vs 6.2%; P = .04). Increases in ASCVD risk from baseline to W96 were driven by both increasing age and changes in total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol. At W96, TC/HDL ratios (median) were 3.7 for both groups (P = .69). There was no difference between shifts in categorical risk for TAF versus TDF (9% vs 5%; P = .19). Eligibility for high-intensity statin therapy were similar for TAF versus TDF groups (19% vs 21%; P = .47). Conclusions:Lipid changes with TAF as part of coformulated regimens do not substantively affect CVD risk profiles compared with TDF.
journal_name
Open Forum Infect Disjournal_title
Open forum infectious diseasesauthors
Huhn GD,Shamblaw DJ,Baril JG,Hsue PY,Mills BL,Nguyen-Cleary T,McCallister S,Das Mdoi
10.1093/ofid/ofz472subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-11 00:00:00pages
ofz472issue
1issn
2328-8957pii
ofz472journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Endothelial activation and dysfunction play a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Hantaviral disease is a viral hemorrhagic fever and is characterized by capillary dysfunction, although the underlying mechanisms for hantaviral disease are not fully elucidated. METHODS:Th...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofu027
更新日期:2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), yet physician attitudes and prescribing behaviors toward members of key risk populations may limit ART access and undermine treatment as prevention strategies. METHODS:Physicians in Malaysia (N = 214) ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw219
更新日期:2017-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Proper disinfection using adequate disinfecting agents will be necessary for infection control strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, limited guidance exists on effective surface disinfectants or best practices for their use against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. We outlined a proces...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa396
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Among a cohort of men who have sex with men in a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence trial, syphilis requiring treatment was associated with white coat dosing (increased PrEP adherence immediately preceding study visits) when compared with participants with optimal drug concentrations. The findings highlight the...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa329
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Oncological patients have several additional risk factors for developing a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infection. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical impact of our comprehensive bundle approach that includes the novel minocycline and rifampin antimicrobial mesh (TYRX) for the preven...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa433
更新日期:2020-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Interpretive criteria for in vitro susceptibility testing criteria, "susceptibility breakpoints," underpin the evaluation and selection of antimicrobial regimens. However, despite their strengths, susceptibility breakpoints are a relatively blunt instrument employed to address an extremely complex question-what is the...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy282
更新日期:2018-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Residual monocyte activation may contribute to increased risk for endothelial dysfunction and subsequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined the relationship between monocyte activation and endothelial activation in PWH in Ke...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa425
更新日期:2020-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from 3 private healthcare claims repositories, we evaluated the incidence of pneumococcal disease among adults with US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) defined at-risk conditions or rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Crohn's disease, and neuromuscular disorder/seizures and those with traditiona...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv020
更新日期:2015-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an open-access, Excel-based model simulating currently recommended and alternative algorithms for adult HIV testing as a preliminary investigation of trade-offs between accuracy and costs. Despite higher costs, simpler HIV testing algorithms incorporating point of care nucleic acid testing may improve out...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy170
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma encephalitis is a well recognized complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, solid organ transplantation, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, patients with hematologic malignancies not treated with allogeneic HSCT may also develop this condition, which requires ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw070
更新日期:2016-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF) is a severe inflammatory disease that occurs sporadically and in outbreaks in Russia and Japan. Far East scarlet-like fever is caused by Yersinia pseudotubuclosis infection, an organism that typically causes self-limiting gastroenteritis in Europe. Studies suggest the ability of Far...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv202
更新日期:2015-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Infection secondary to rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in individuals with underlying structural lung disease or immune compromise. Such infections, particularly those caused by the Mycobacterium abscessus group, are challenging to treat due to high...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx147
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Health departments utilize HIV surveillance data to identify people with HIV (PWH) who need re-linkage to HIV care as part of an approach known as Data to Care (D2C.) The most accurate, effective, and efficient method of identifying PWH for re-linkage is unknown. Methods:We evaluated referral and care conti...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa369
更新日期:2020-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Microvascular function and oxygen consumption affect oxygen homeostasis but have not been assessed in African children with malaria. Microvascular function in Tanzanian children with severe malaria (SM) or uncomplicated malaria were 39% and 72%, respectively, of controls (P < .001). Uncomplicated malaria (P = .04), no...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx079
更新日期:2017-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Immune suppression is a recognized risk factor for necrotizing fasciitis. In patients with hematological malignancies, a profoundly immunocompromised group, the predominant causative organisms are Gram negative. Clinical presentation and outcomes in these patients are similar to the immunocompetent. The Laboratory Ris...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv081
更新日期:2015-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::We implemented a real-time report to distribute respiratory pathogen data for our 8-hospital system to anyone with an Internet connection and a web browser. Real-time access to accurate regional laboratory observation data during an epidemic influenza season can guide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy322
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Fast microbiological diagnostics (MDx) are needed to ensure early targeted antimicrobial treatment in sepsis. This systematic review focuses on the impact on antimicrobial management and patient outcomes of MDx for pathogen and resistance gene identification compared with blood cultures. PubMed was searched for clinic...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa352
更新日期:2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Because of concerns about possible emergence of artemisinin resistance strains of Plasmodium falciparum in mining areas of the interior of Guyana, a 7-day artesunate trial was conducted from March to December 2014. The day-3 parasite clearance rate, the efficacy of artesunate at day 28, and polymorphism of Kelch 13 (P...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw185
更新日期:2016-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus controllers (HICs) form a heterogeneous group of patients with regard to formal definitions, immunologic characteristics, and changes over time in viral load. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The HICs with undetectable viral load ([uHICs] ie, for whom a viral load had never been detected wi...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx064
更新日期:2017-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Dengue and Chikungunya viruses can cause large-scale epidemics, with attack rates of up to 80%. In Tanzania, there have been repeated outbreaks of dengue fever, the most recent in 2018 and 2019, mostly affecting the coastal areas. Despite the importance of these viruses, there is limited knowledge on the epi...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa626
更新日期:2020-12-26 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Coagulation activity among persons with HIV is associated with end-organ disease risk, but the pathogenesis is not well characterized. We tested a hypothesis that hypercoagulation contributes to disease risk, in part, via upregulation of inflammation. Methods:Treatment effects of edoxaban (30 mg), a direct ...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa026
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Internal medicine physicians are often the first providers to encounter patients with a new diagnosis of tuberculosis. Given the public health risks of missed tuberculosis cases, assessing internal medicine residents' ability to diagnose tuberculosis is important. Methods:Internal medicine resident knowledg...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy152
更新日期:2018-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw024
更新日期:2016-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen with increasing rates of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, but the population structure and genetic drivers of carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP) remain underexplored in developing countries. Carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae were recently introduced in...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa266
更新日期:2020-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment access among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected people who inject drugs is poor, despite a high burden of disease in this population. Understanding barriers and facilitators to HCV treatment uptake is critical to the implementation of new direct-acting anti...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw065
更新日期:2016-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Both dengue virus (DENV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) belong to the Flaviviridae family and could induce hepatitis. We aimed to investigate the interference between them. In total, 515 patients confirmed with dengue fever (DF) were enrolled. Thirty-two patients (6.21%) were seropositive for anti-HCV; 12 of 32 anti-HCV-...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa272
更新日期:2020-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral therapy is effective among people receiving opioid substitution therapy (OST), but studies are limited by small numbers of nongenotype 1 (GT1) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment completion, adherence, SVR12, and safety of sofosbuvir-b...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy001
更新日期:2018-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus gattii represents an emerging fungal pathogen of immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts in the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first case of posttransplant immune reconstitution syndrome due to C. gattii meningoencephalitis successfully treated with corticosteroids. We also report succes...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz460
更新日期:2019-10-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of recurrent herpes zoster (HZ) and the relationship between initial and recurrent HZ are not clear. METHODS:The Miyazaki Dermatologist Society has surveyed ~5000 patients with HZ annually since 1997. A questionnaire regarding HZ and its recurrence was completed by the dermatologists. RESULTS...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx007
更新日期:2017-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Advanced fibrosis occurs more commonly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected individuals; therefore, fibrosis monitoring is important in this population. However, transient elastography (TE) data in HIV-HBV coinfection are lacking. We aimed to assess liver fibrosis using...
journal_title:Open forum infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw035
更新日期:2016-02-12 00:00:00