Abstract:
:The bone matrix is constantly remodeled by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. These two cell types are fundamentally different in terms of progenitor cells, mode of action and regulation by specific molecules, acting either systemically or locally. Importantly, there is increasing evidence for an impact of cell types or molecules of the adaptive and innate immune system on bone remodeling. Understanding these influences is the major goal of a novel research area termed osteoimmunology, which is of key relevance in the context of inflammation-induced bone loss, skeletal metastases, and diseases of impaired bone remodeling, such as osteoporosis. This review article aims at summarizing the current knowledge on one particular aspect of osteoimmunology, namely the impact of chemokines on skeletal cells in order to regulate bone remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. Chemokines have key roles in the adaptive immune system by controlling migration, localization, and function of immune cells during inflammation. The vast majority of chemokines are divided into two subgroups based on the pattern of cysteine residues. More specifically, there are 27 known C-C-chemokines, binding to 10 different C-C receptors, and 17 known C-X-C-chemokines binding to seven different C-X-C receptors. Three additional chemokines do not fall into this category, and only one of them, i.e., CX3CL1, has been shown to influence bone remodeling cell types. There is a large amount of published studies demonstrating specific effects of certain chemokines on differentiation and function of osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts. Chemokine signaling by skeletal cells or by other cells of the bone marrow niche regulates bone formation and resorption through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In vivo evidence from mouse deficiency models strongly supports the role of certain chemokine signaling pathways in bone remodeling. We will summarize these data in the present review with a special focus on the most established subsets of chemokines. In combination with the other review articles of this issue, the knowledge presented here confirms that there is a physiologically relevant crosstalk between the innate immune system and bone remodeling cell types, whose molecular understanding is of high clinical relevance.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Brylka LJ,Schinke Tdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02182subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-13 00:00:00pages
2182issn
1664-3224journal_volume
10pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The influence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) on cancer progression has been demonstrated in a large number of preclinical models and confirmed in several types of malignancies. Neoplastic processes trigger an increase of Treg numbers in draining lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and tumors, leading to t...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00428
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Background: More than 50 different monogenic disorders have been identified as directly causing inflammatory bowel diseases, typically manifesting in the first years of life. We present the clinical course and immunological work-up of an adult patient who presented in adolescent years with an atypical gastrointestinal...
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00017
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02214
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00394
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00732
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01082
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00980
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02440
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
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