Abstract:
:Immunoediting is an important concept in oncology, delineating the mechanisms through which tumors are selected for resistance to immune-mediated elimination. The recent emergence of immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, as pillars of cancer therapy has intensified interest in immunoediting as a constraint limiting the efficacy of these approaches. Immunoediting manifests at a number of levels for different cancers, for example through the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironments within solid tumors. Of particular interest to the current review, selection also occurs at the cellular level; and recent studies have revealed novel mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire intrinsic resistance to immune recognition and elimination. While the selection of escape mutations in viral epitopes by HIV-specific T cells, which is a hallmark of chronic HIV infection, can be considered a form of immunoediting, few studies have considered the possibility that HIV-infected cells themselves may parallel tumors in having differential intrinsic susceptibilities to immune-mediated elimination. Such selection, on the level of an infected cell, may not play a significant role in untreated HIV, where infection is propagated by high levels of cell-free virus produced by cells that quickly succumb to viral cytopathicity. However, it may play an unappreciated role in individuals treated with effective antiretroviral therapy where viral replication is abrogated. In this context, an "HIV reservoir" persists, comprising long-lived infected cells which undergo extensive and dynamic clonal expansion. The ability of these cells to persist in infected individuals has generally been attributed to viral latency, thought to render them invisible to immune recognition, and/or to their compartmentalization in anatomical sites that are poorly accessible to immune effectors. Recent data from ex vivo studies have led us to propose that reservoir-harboring cells may additionally have been selected for intrinsic resistance to CD8+ T cells, limiting their elimination even in the context of antigen expression. Here, we draw on knowledge from tumor immunoediting to discuss potential mechanisms by which clones of HIV reservoir-harboring cells may resist elimination by CD8+ T cells. The establishment of such parallels may provide a premise for testing therapeutics designed to sensitize tumor cells to immune-mediated elimination as novel approaches aimed at curing HIV infection.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Huang SH,McCann CD,Mota TM,Wang C,Lipkin SM,Jones RBdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01842subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-06 00:00:00pages
1842issn
1664-3224journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus. The high-risk HPV types (i.e., HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) are considered to be the main etiological agents of genital tract cancers, such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers, and of a subset of head and...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00188
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.604915
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abstract::Adenosine is a potent immunosuppressive purine metabolite contributing to the pathogenesis of solid tumors. Extracellular adenosine signals on tumor-infiltrating NK cells to inhibit their proliferation, maturation, and cytotoxic function. Cytokine priming imparts upon NK cells distinct activation statuses, which modul...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02533
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00718
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.02000
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00033
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02071
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abstract::A balance between co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to suppress tumor development and progression, primarily via maintaining effective immunosurveillance. Aberrant expression of immune checkpoints (ICs), including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01469
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01819
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00067
更新日期:2014-02-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00208
更新日期:2014-05-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01596
更新日期:2018-08-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00253
更新日期:2015-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Critically ill patients, especially following trauma or extensive surgery, experience a systemic immune response, consisting of a pro-inflammatory as well as a counterbalancing anti-inflammatory response. Pro-inflammation is necessary for the initiation of homeostatic control and wound healing of the organ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00432
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Disialoganglioside GD2 is an important target on several pediatric and adult cancer types including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, brain tumors, sarcomas, and cancer stem cells. We have utilized structural and computational methods to refine the framework of humanized monoclonal antib...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00372
更新日期:2014-08-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00268
更新日期:2012-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::While developing adaptive immune responses, young infants are especially vulnerable to serious infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) are key effectors that function as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. This review seeks to summarize the clinically relevant fu...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00309
更新日期:2016-08-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02921
更新日期:2019-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::HLA-E is a member of the non-classical HLA molecules and by interaction with activating or inhibitory receptors of NK and T cells, HLA-E can lead to immune activation or suppression context-dependently. Recently, the non-classical HLA molecules gain more attention in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell t...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03027
更新日期:2020-01-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.566607
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02626
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.593748
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abstract::Mast cells are implicated as detrimental players in inflammatory lung diseases, particularly asthma. Mast cells respond to activating stimuli by releasing a wide panel of pro-inflammatory compounds that can contribute profoundly to the pathology, and there is currently an unmet need for strategies that efficiently ame...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::CD4+ T cells comprise multiple functionally distinct cell populations that play a key role in immunity. Despite blood monitoring of CD4+ T-cell subsets is of potential clinical utility, no standardized and validated approaches have been proposed so far. The aim of this study was to design and validate a single 14-colo...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00166
更新日期:2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and arises from developing sympathetic nervous system. Most primary tumors localize in the abdomen, the adrenal gland, or lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Amplification in tumor cells of MYCN, the major oncogenic driver, patients' age over 18 mont...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00056
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abstract::Liver fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic liver diseases irrespective of etiology. However, etiology deeply impacts progression and characteristics of liver fibrogenesis. IL-13 is the dominant pro-fibrotic cytokine in Schistosomiasis associated liver fibrogenesis. In vitro, IL-13 directly induces expressio...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00116
更新日期:2012-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The catabolic process of autophagy plays important functions in inflammatory and immune responses by modulating innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Over the last decade, a cell-intrinsic role for autophagy in modulating CD4 T cell functions and differentiation was revealed. After the initial observation of autophag...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01023
更新日期:2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Monocyte differentiation to macrophages is triggered by migration across the endothelial barrier, which is constituted by both endothelial cells and their underlying basement membrane. We address here the role of the endothelial basement membrane laminins (laminins 411 and 511) in this monocyte to macrophage switch. C...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.584229
更新日期:2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::The CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subset is an indispensable mediator of immune tolerance. While high and stable expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is considered a hallmark feature of Treg cells, our previous studies have demonstrated that the human FOXP3+ subset is functionally heterogeneous, whereby ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01532
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::The development of autoimmunity involves complex interactions between genetics and environmental triggers. The gut microbiota is an important environmental constituent that can heavily influence both local and systemic immune reactivity through distinct mechanisms. It is therefore a relevant environmental trigger or a...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01741
更新日期:2020-08-04 00:00:00