Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Global malaria control strategies highlight the need to increase early uptake of effective antimalarials for childhood fevers in endemic settings, based on a presumptive diagnosis of malaria in this age group. Many control programmes identify private medicine sellers as important targets to promote effective early treatment, based on reported widespread inadequate childhood fever treatment practices involving the retail sector. Data on adult use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines is limited. This study aimed to assess childhood and adult patterns of OTC medicine use to inform national medicine retailer programmes in Kenya and other similar settings. METHODS:Large-scale cluster randomized surveys of treatment seeking practices and malaria parasite prevalence were conducted for recent fevers in children under five years and recent acute illnesses in adults in three districts in Kenya with differing malaria endemicity. RESULTS:A total of 12, 445 households were visited and data collected on recent illnesses in 11, 505 children and 19, 914 adults. OTC medicines were the most popular first response to fever in children with fever (47.0%; 95% CI 45.5, 48.5) and adults with acute illnesses (56.8%; 95% CI 55.2, 58.3). 36.9% (95% CI 34.7, 39.2) adults and 22.7% (95% CI 20.9, 24.6) children using OTC medicines purchased antimalarials, with similar proportions in low and high endemicity districts. 1.9% (95% CI 0.8, 4.2) adults and 12.1% (95% CI 16.3,34.2) children used multidose antimalarials appropriately. Although the majority of children and adults sought no further treatment, self-referral to a health facility within 72 hours of illness onset was the commonest pattern amongst those seeking further help. CONCLUSION:In these surveys, OTC medicines were popular first treatments for fever in children or acute illnesses in adults. The proportions using OTC antimalarials were similar in areas of high and low malaria endemicity. In all districts, adults were more likely to self-treat with OTC antimalarial medicines than febrile children were to receive them, and less likely to use them in recommended ways. Government health centres were the most common second resort for treatment and were often used within 72 hours. In view of these practices, more research is needed to assess the impact on the popularity of private medicine sellers of strengthened public sector policies on access to malaria treatment and insecticide-treated bed nets. Improved targeting of OTC antimalarials to high risk groups, better communication strategies regarding adult as well as children's dosages, and facilitating more rapid referral to trained health workers where needed are important challenges to private medicine seller programmes.
journal_name
Malar Jjournal_title
Malaria journalauthors
Abuya TO,Mutemi W,Karisa B,Ochola SA,Fegan G,Marsh Vdoi
10.1186/1475-2875-6-57subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-05-10 00:00:00pages
57issn
1475-2875pii
1475-2875-6-57journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MALARIA JOURNAL文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:A deeper understanding of the ecology and small-scale heterogeneity of malaria transmission is essential for the design of effective prevention, control and elimination interventions. The spatial and temporal distribution of malaria vectors was investigated in five villages in close proximity to a hydro-agri...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0871-4
更新日期:2015-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In malaria-endemic areas, human populations are frequently exposed to immunomodulatory salivary components injected during mosquito blood feeding. The consequences on pathogen-specific immune responses are not well known. This study evaluated and compared the humoral responses specific to merozoite stage vac...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03160-5
更新日期:2020-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Developing thermostable vaccines is a challenge for pharmaceutical companies due to the inherent instability of biological molecules in aqueous solution. The problem is even more stringent in regions subjected to high temperatures in which protective cold chain is difficult to maintain due to a lack of infra...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03253-1
更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is an increasing concern in Indonesia. Socio-demographic factors were found to strongly influence malaria prevalence. This research aimed to explore the associations between socio-demographic factors and malaria prevalence in Indonesia. METHODS:The study used a cross-sectional design and analysed re...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2760-8
更新日期:2019-04-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pro-inflammatory S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) is elevated in the serum of patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but its function in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not yet clear. This function was investigated in P. vivax-infected patients in this study. METHODS:The level of S100A8 in the...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0855-4
更新日期:2015-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The importance of net durability and the average useful life of a net is increasingly recognized as one of the critical factors that determine how often nets need to be replaced. A study to assess the effect of a net care and repair behaviour change communication (BCC) programme on net durability was conduct...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0899-5
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::While significant advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of malaria in recent years, these successes continue to fall short of the World Health Organization (WHO) goals for malaria control and elimination. For elimination strategies to be effective, limited disease transmission, achieved through rapid...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-291
更新日期:2014-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased control has produced remarkable reductions of malaria in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Rwanda. In the southern highlands, near the district capital of Butare (altitude, 1,768 m), a combined community-and facility-based survey on Plasmodium infection was conducted early in 2010. METHO...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-134
更新日期:2011-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the development of resistance to synthetic insecticides, adverse effects to human health, non-target organisms and the environment, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides, which are effective, safe, biodegrable and target-specific. This study was undertaken to evaluate the adulticidal act...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-173
更新日期:2014-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria prevalence has recently declined markedly in many parts of Tanzania and other sub-Saharan African countries due to scaling-up of control interventions including more efficient treatment regimens (e.g. artemisinin-based combination therapy) and insecticide-treated bed nets. Although continued molecula...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-6
更新日期:2011-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A previous study reported that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enters an altered growth state upon extracellular withdrawal of the essential amino acid isoleucine. Parasites slowed transit through the cell cycle when deprived of isoleucine prior to the onset of S-phase. METHODS:This project was u...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03220-w
更新日期:2020-04-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL), a fixed dose co-formulation, has recently been approved for marketing in India, although it is not included in the National Drug Policy for treatment of malaria. Efficacy...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-107
更新日期:2009-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Advances in digitized video-tracking and behavioural analysis have enabled accurate recording and quantification of mosquito flight and host-seeking behaviours, facilitating development of individual (agent) based models at much finer spatial scales than previously possible. METHODS:Quantified behavioural p...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03546-5
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria elimination efforts can be undermined by imported malaria infections. Imported infections are classified based on travel history. METHODS:A genetic strategy was applied to better understand the contribution of imported infections and to test for local transmission in the very low prevalence region o...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03346-x
更新日期:2020-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Models of Plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology that provide realistic quantitative predictions of likely epidemiological outcomes of existing vector control strategies have the potential to assist in planning for the control and elimination of malaria. This work investigates the applicability of mathem...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-357
更新日期:2012-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Convulsions is one of the key signs of severe malaria among children under five years of age, potentially leading to serious complications or death. Several studies of care-seeking behaviour have revealed that local illness concepts linked to convulsions (referred to as degedege in Tanzanian Kiswahili) calle...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-144
更新日期:2009-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a recent trial of artemisinin-naphthoquine (artemisinin-NQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AM-LM) therapy in young children from Papua New Guinea (PNG), there were no treatment failures in artemisinin-NQ-treated children with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax compared with 2.2% and 30.0%, respective...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0624-4
更新日期:2015-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective and timely treatment is an essential aspect of malaria control, but remains a challenge in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to describe young children's access to malaria treatment in Nouna Health District, Burkina Faso. METHODS:In February/March 2006, a survey was...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-266
更新日期:2009-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plasmodium vivax is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. It is reportedly absent, however, from west and central Africa due to the high prevalence of the Duffy negative phenotype in the indigenous populations. Despite this, non-African travellers consistently return to their own countries with P. ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-174
更新日期:2008-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adequate malaria diagnosis and treatment remain major difficulties in rural sub-Saharan Africa. These issues deserve renewed attention in the light of first-line treatment with expensive artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) and changing patterns of transmission intensity. This study describes diagnostic and...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-232
更新日期:2008-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mutations in the haemoglobin beta-globin (HbB) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) genes cause widespread human genetic disorders such as sickle cell diseases and G6PD deficiency. In sub-Saharan Africa, a few predominant polymorphic variants of each gene account for a majority of these deficiencies....
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-61
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Development of resistance to different classes of insecticides is a potential threat to malaria control. With the increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania, the continued monitoring of resistance in vector populations is crucial. It may facilitate the development of novel strat...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-193
更新日期:2010-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is highly prevalent in many parts of India and is mostly caused by the parasite species Plasmodium vivax followed by Plasmodium falciparum. Chloroquine (CQ) is the first-line treatment for blood stage P. vivax parasites, but cases of drug resistance to CQ have been reported from India. One of the sur...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2188-6
更新日期:2018-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surveillance is a core component of an effective system to support malaria elimination. Poor surveillance data will prevent countries from monitoring progress towards elimination and targeting interventions to the last remaining at-risk places. An evaluation of the performance of surveillance systems in 16 c...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2960-2
更新日期:2019-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Primaquine is an important gametocytocidal drug that is combined with conventional malaria treatment for prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission. Primaquine has been administered together on the first or the last day of conventional treatment but the impact of primaquine timing has never bee...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12936-020-3121-3
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria remains a major human health problem, with no licensed vaccine currently available. Malaria infections initiate when infectious Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes during their blood meal. Investigations of the malaria sporozoite are, therefore, of clear medical importance...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-421
更新日期:2012-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Artemisinin, from which the artemether component of Coartem (artemether/lumefantrine, AL) is derived, is obtained from the plant sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) which has been used for over 2,000 years as a Chinese herbal remedy. Artemisinin was first identified by Chinese researchers as the active anti-malarial cons...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-S1-S3
更新日期:2009-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After years of disuse of chloroquine (CQ) as first-line anti-malarial drug in Ghana, reports from molecular studies conducted in parts of the country indicate varying prevalence of T76 mutation in the pfcrt gene. This situation has several health implications, one being that mutations that confer resistance ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-246
更新日期:2014-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective surveillance systems are required to track malaria testing and treatment practices. A 26-week study "SMS for Life" was piloted in five rural districts of Kenya to examine whether SMS reported surveillance data could ensure real-time visibility of accurate data and their use by district managers to ...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-107
更新日期:2014-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Artemisinin-derivative formulations are now widely used to treat falciparum malaria. However, the dry powder suspensions developed for children are few and/or are of poor quality. In addition to the active compound, the presence of a suitable preservative in these medicines is essential. In this study, an ev...
journal_title:Malaria journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-12
更新日期:2007-01-26 00:00:00