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Clusters of activated microglia in normal-appearing white matter show signs of innate immune activation.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:In brain tissues from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, clusters of activated HLA-DR-expressing microglia, also referred to as preactive lesions, are located throughout the normal-appearing white matter. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the frequency, distribution and cellular architecture of preactive lesions using a large cohort of well-characterized MS brain samples. METHODS:Here, we document the frequency of preactive lesions and their association with distinct white matter lesions in a cohort of 21 MS patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to gain further insight into the cellular and molecular composition of preactive lesions. RESULTS:Preactive lesions were observed in a majority of MS patients (67%) irrespective of disease duration, gender or subtype of disease. Microglial clusters were predominantly observed in the vicinity of active demyelinating lesions and are not associated with T cell infiltrates, axonal alterations, activated astrocytes or blood-brain barrier disruption. Microglia in preactive lesions consistently express interleukin-10 and TNF-α, but not interleukin-4, whereas matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 are virtually absent in microglial nodules. Interestingly, key subunits of the free-radical-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase-2 were abundantly expressed in microglial clusters. CONCLUSIONS:The high frequency of preactive lesions suggests that it is unlikely that most of them will progress into full-blown demyelinating lesions. Preactive lesions are not associated with blood-brain barrier disruption, suggesting that an intrinsic trigger of innate immune activation, rather than extrinsic factors crossing a damaged blood-brain barrier, induces the formation of clusters of activated microglia.

journal_name

J Neuroinflammation

journal_title

Journal of neuroinflammation

authors

van Horssen J,Singh S,van der Pol S,Kipp M,Lim JL,Peferoen L,Gerritsen W,Kooi EJ,Witte ME,Geurts JJ,de Vries HE,Peferoen-Baert R,van den Elsen PJ,van der Valk P,Amor S

doi

10.1186/1742-2094-9-156

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-07-02 00:00:00

pages

156

issn

1742-2094

pii

1742-2094-9-156

journal_volume

pub_type

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Clusters of activated microglia in normal-appearing white matter show signs of innate immune activation.