Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex involved in protein degradation, which is essential for many cellular processes. During inflammation, the constitutive subunits are replaced by their inducible counterparts, resulting in the formation of the immunoproteasome. METHODS:We investigated the expression pattern of constitutive (β1, β5) and immunoproteasome (β1i, β5i) subunits using immunohistochemistry in malformations of cortical development (MCD; focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIa and b, cortical tubers from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and mild MCD (mMCD)). Glial cells in culture were used to elucidate the mechanisms regulating immunoproteasome subunit expression. RESULTS:Increased expression was observed in both FCD II and TSC; β1, β1i, β5, and β5i were detected (within cytosol and nucleus) in dysmorphic neurons, balloon/giant cells, and reactive astrocytes. Glial and neuronal nuclear expression positively correlated with seizure frequency. Positive correlation was also observed between the glial expression of constitutive and immunoproteasome subunits and IL-1β. Accordingly, the proteasome subunit expression was modulated by IL-1β in human astrocytes in vitro. Expression of both constitutive and immunoproteasome subunits in FCD II-derived astroglial cultures was negatively regulated by treatment with the immunomodulatory drug rapamycin (inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is activated in both TSC and FCD II). CONCLUSIONS:These observations support the dysregulation of the proteasome system in both FCD and TSC and provide new insights on the mechanism of regulation the (immuno)proteasome in astrocytes and the molecular links between inflammation, mTOR activation, and epilepsy.
journal_name
J Neuroinflammationjournal_title
Journal of neuroinflammationauthors
van Scheppingen J,Broekaart DW,Scholl T,Zuidberg MR,Anink JJ,Spliet WG,van Rijen PC,Czech T,Hainfellner JA,Feucht M,Mühlebner A,van Vliet EA,Aronica Edoi
10.1186/s12974-016-0662-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-26 00:00:00pages
202issue
1issn
1742-2094pii
10.1186/s12974-016-0662-zjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation has long been considered a driver of Alzheimer's disease progression. However, experiments developed to explore the interaction between neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology showed a surprising reduction in amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition. We sought to understand this...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0411-8
更新日期:2015-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although recent studies suggest the neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown whether ol...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1415-6
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that exposure to intrauterine inflammation causes acute fetal brain injury and is linked to a spectrum of neurobehavioral disorders. In a rodent model of intrauterine inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in utero, activated microglia can be detected in the hippoc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0951-1
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Excessive inflammation might activate and injure the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a common feature of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We previously developed an in vitro BBB injury model in which the organophosphate paraoxon (PX) affects the BBB endothelium by attenuating junctional protein expres...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01927-w
更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is rapidly upregulated by inflammation, is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of several inflammatory prostanoids. Successful positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand imaging of COX-2 in vivo could be a potentially powerful tool for assessing...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01804-6
更新日期:2020-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, research suggests that environmentalfactors and neuroinflammation, as well as genetic factors, are contributors. This study aims to test the role that might be played by heat shock protein (HSP)70, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, C...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-265
更新日期:2012-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)-mediated neuroprotection involves inhibition of microglial activation and decreased expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet b...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-4
更新日期:2008-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meningothelial cells (MECs) are the cellular components of the meninges. As such, they provide important barrier function for the central nervous system (CNS) building the interface between neuronal tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and are also part of the immune response of the CNS. METHODS:Human,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-35
更新日期:2014-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic and environmental factors are critical elements influencing the etiology of major depression. It is now accepted that neuroinflammatory processes play a major role in neuropsychological disorders. Neuroinflammation results from the dysregulation of the synthesis and/or release of pro- and anti-inflam...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-132
更新日期:2014-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) play an important role in regulating microglial function. We have previously shown that Cx3cr1 deficiency exacerbated tau pathology and led to cognitive impairment. However, it is still unclear if the chemokine domain of the ligand CX3CL1 is essential in regulat...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1310-6
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While it is clear that inbred strains of mice have variations in immunological responsiveness, the influence of genetic background following tissue damage in the central nervous system is not fully understood. A cortical explant system was employed as a model for injury to determine whether the immediate tra...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-122
更新日期:2011-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for counteracting depression, has been recently suggested as having a role in prevention of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in substantia nigra, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis of this type of neurological disorders often involv...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-47
更新日期:2014-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) was involved with release of free radicals. Sesamin is a well-known antioxidant from sesame seeds and it scavenges free radicals in several brain injury models. However the neuroprotective mechanism of sesamin to KA-induced seizure has not been studied. METHO...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-57
更新日期:2011-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical mediators of neuroinflammatory diseases. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the function of this T cell population is crucial to better understanding central nervous system autoimmune disease pathology. We recently identified a novel population of highly cytotoxic c-Met-...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1676-0
更新日期:2020-02-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retinal ischemia results in neuronal degeneration and contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple blinding diseases. Recently, the fumaric acid ester dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been FDA-approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, based on its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Its potentia...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0452-z
更新日期:2015-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. While betaine is reported to suppress expression of proinflammatory molecules and reduce oxidative stress in aged rat kidney, the effects of betaine on the central nervous system are not well kno...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-153
更新日期:2011-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pain is one critical hallmark of inflammatory responses. A large number of studies have demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1, also named as CXCL12) and its cognate receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) play an important role in immune reaction and inflammatory processes. However, ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0441-2
更新日期:2015-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mural cells synthesize and deposit laminin to the basement membrane. To investigate the function of mural cell-derived laminin, we generated a mutant mouse line lacking mural cell-derived laminin (termed PKO). In a previous study, we showed that the PKO mice were grossly normal under homeostatic condition, b...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01788-3
更新日期:2020-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammatory responses have been recognized as an important aspect in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Transcriptional regulation plays a critical role in the process of inflammation. Transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is identified as a central factor in transmission o...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0258-z
更新日期:2015-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or fibromyalgia experience chronic pain. Concomitantly, the rat model of CFS exhibits microglial activation in the lumbar spinal cord and pain behavior without peripheral tissue damage and/or inflammation. The present study addressed the mechanism underl...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1456-x
更新日期:2019-03-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging neurotropic arthropod-borne virus recently involved in massive die offs of wild birds predominantly reported in Europe. Although primarily asymptomatic or presenting mild clinical signs, humans infected by USUV can develop neuroinvasive pathologies (including encephalitis an...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-020-02060-4
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces neuronal dysfunction through host cellular factors and viral proteins including viral protein R (Vpr) released from infected macrophages/microglia. Vpr is important for infection of terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages. The objective of this ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-138
更新日期:2012-06-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Harnessing the actions of the resolvin pathways has the potential for the treatment of a wide range of conditions associated with overt inflammatory signalling. Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) has robust analgesic effects in behavioural models of pain; however, the potential underlying spinal neuroph...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0676-6
更新日期:2016-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amyloid β (Aβ)-induced vascular dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is known to impair endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, thus inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide production (NO). METHOD:In this study, we investigated Aβ-effects on heat s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0304-x
更新日期:2015-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α activator, has shown promising results as a neuroprotective therapy, with proposed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, it displays poor blood-brain barrier permeability leading to some ambiguity over its mechanism of action. Experimentally induced brain injury has been ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0295-7
更新日期:2015-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well known that methamphetamine (METH) is neurotoxic and recent studies have suggested the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in brain dysfunction induced by misuse of this drug. Indeed, glial cells seem to be activated in response to METH, but its effects on microglial cells are not fully unde...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-103
更新日期:2012-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as vincristine (VCR) is neuropathic pain, which is poorly managed at present. Chemokine-mediated immune cell/neuron communication in preclinical VCR-induced pain forms an intriguing basis for the development of analgesics. In a murine VCR model, CX3...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1116-6
更新日期:2018-04-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of ginseng in preventing and treating various central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been widely confirmed. However, ginsenosides, the principal components of ginseng, are characterized by poor accessibility to the brain, and this pharmacokinetic-pharmacological paradox remains poorly ex...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-100
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To determine whether Compound 49b, a novel beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, can prevent increased inflammation and apoptosis in mice after exposure to ocular blast. METHODS:Eyes of C57/BL6 mice were exposed to a blast of air from a paintball gun at 26 psi (≈0.18 MPa). Eyes were collected 4 hours, 24 hours, and 72...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-96
更新日期:2013-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory leading to dementia. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary alternative medicine approach, applying an electrical current to acupuncture points. In clinical and animal studies, EA ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroinflammation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1665-3
更新日期:2019-12-13 00:00:00