Intramuscular immunization of mice with live influenza virus is more immunogenic and offers greater protection than immunization with inactivated virus.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Torquetenovirus (TTV) belongs to Anelloviridae family, infects nearly all people indefinitely without causing overt disease establishing a fine and successful interaction with the host. Increasing evidence have shown some human viruses exploit extracellular vesicles thereby helping viral persistence in the h...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Martelli F,Macera L,Spezia PG,Medici C,Pistello M,Guasti D,Romagnoli P,Maggi F,Giannecchini S

更新日期：2018-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the member of the genus Pestivirus under the family Flaviviridae. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of CSFV contains the IRES, which is a highly structured element that recruits the translation machinery. The 3' UTR is usually the recognition site of the viral replicase t...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Nadar M,Chan MY,Huang SW,Huang CC,Tseng JT,Tsai CH

更新日期：2011-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the potential effects of telbivudine (LdT) and entecavir (ETV) on renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), we performed a meta-analysis of the relevant data available on these agents to evaluate their effects on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during treatment. ME...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Wu X,Cai S,Li Z,Zheng C,Xue X,Zeng J,Peng J

更新日期：2016-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Open reading frame 58 (ORF58) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) lies at the 3'end of the Unique long (UL) region and its functional is unknown. In order to clarify whether ORF58 is essential for the growth of VZV, we constructed a deletion mutant of ORF58 (pOka-BACDelta58) from the Oka parental genome cloned i...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Yoshii H,Sadaoka K,Matsuura M,Nagaike K,Takahashi M,Yamanishi K,Mori Y

更新日期：2008-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:HIV-1 is highly variable genetically and at protein level, a property it uses to subvert antiviral immunity and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess if HIV subtype differences were associated with variations in glycosylation patterns and co-receptor tropism among HAART patients experiencing differe...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Kitawi RC,Hunja CW,Aman R,Ogutu BR,Muigai AW,Kokwaro GO,Ochieng W

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recently sequenced 218 kb genome of morphologically atypical Bacillus thuringiensis phage 0305phi8-36 exhibited only limited detectable homology to known bacteriophages. The only known relative of this phage is a string of phage-like genes called BtI1 in the chromosome of B. thuringiensis israelensis. Th...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Hardies SC,Thomas JA,Serwer P

更新日期：2007-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and its mimic, polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)], are recognized by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and induce interferon (IFN)-β in many cell types. Poly (I:C) is the most potent IFN inducer. In in vivo mouse studies, intraperitoneal injection of Poly (I:C) elicited ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Li YG,Siripanyaphinyo U,Tumkosit U,Noranate N,A-Nuegoonpipat A,Pan Y,Kameoka M,Kurosu T,Ikuta K,Takeda N,Anantapreecha S

更新日期：2012-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) emerging in China exhibits high fatality to pigs. However, the mechanism related to the increased pathogenicity of the virus remains unclear. In the present study, the differences in tissue tropism between the highly pathogenic...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Li L,Zhao Q,Ge X,Teng K,Kuang Y,Chen Y,Guo X,Yang H

更新日期：2012-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infections are widespread in human population and have been associated with severe kidney and brain disorders, respectively. The viruses remain latent primarily in reno-urinary tract, reactivating only in case of a compromised immune system. The seroepi...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Hussain I,Tasneem F,Umer M,Pervaiz A,Raza M,Arshad MI,Shahzad N

更新日期：2017-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The implementation of phage therapy is re-emerging with the increase in widespread antibiotic-resistant bacteria. METHODS:Staphylococcus phage JD007 was characterized and its complete genome sequence analysed. RESULTS:Staphylococcus phage JD007 was classified as belonging to the Myoviridae family based on ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Cui Z,Feng T,Gu F,Li Q,Dong K,Zhang Y,Zhu Y,Han L,Qin J,Guo X

更新日期：2017-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of poultry. At present, limited molecular epidemiological data are available regarding the causes of ND outbreaks in vaccinated commercial poultry farms. Knowing the genomic characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) inf...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Umali DV,Ito H,Suzuki T,Shirota K,Katoh H,Ito T

更新日期：2013-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A number of gene therapy applications would benefit from vectors capable of expressing multiple genes. In this study we explored the feasibility and efficiency of expressing two or three transgenes in HIV-1 based lentiviral vector. Bicistronic and tricistronic self-inactivating lentiviral vectors were constr...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Chinnasamy D,Milsom MD,Shaffer J,Neuenfeldt J,Shaaban AF,Margison GP,Fairbairn LJ,Chinnasamy N

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a group of non-enveloped small viruses with double-stranded circular DNA which lead to multiple skin diseases such as benign warts, are commonly seen in clinics. The current HPV detection systems aim mainly at mucosal HPVs, however, an efficient clinical approach for cutaneous ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Wang Y,Ge G,Mao R,Wang Z,Sun YZ,Du YG,Gao XH,Qi RQ,Chen HD

更新日期：2020-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection is the major viral cause of well-documented birth defects in human. Because CMV is species-specific, the main obstacle to developing animal models for congenital infection is the difference in placental architecture, which preludes virus transmission across the plac...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Loh HS,Mohd-Lila MA,Abdul-Rahman SO,Kiew LJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The genus Orbivirus includes several species that infect livestock - including Bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). These viruses have linear dsRNA genomes divided into ten segments, all of which have previously been assumed to be monocistronic. RESULTS:Bioinformatic evidence is p...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Firth AE

更新日期：2008-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Since its emergence in March 2009, the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus has posed a serious threat to public health. To trace the evolutionary path of these new pathogens, we performed a selection-pressure analysis of a large number of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences of H1N1 infl...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Li W,Shi W,Qiao H,Ho SY,Luo A,Zhang Y,Zhu C

更新日期：2011-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reporting new cases of enterovirus (EV)-D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is essential to understand how the virus causes neurological damage and to characterize EV-D68 strains associated with AFM. CASE PRESENTATION:A previously healthy 4-year-old boy presented with sudden weakness and limited mob...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Esposito S,Chidini G,Cinnante C,Napolitano L,Giannini A,Terranova L,Niesters H,Principi N,Calderini E

更新日期：2017-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Local epidemiology of Dengue is defined by the genetic diversity of the circulating Dengue virus (DENV) strains. This important information is not available for the virus strains from most parts of the Indian subcontinent. The present study focused on the genetic diversity of the serotype 3 DENV strains (DEN...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Manakkadan A,Joseph I,Prasanna RR,Kunju RI,Kailas L,Sreekumar E

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding how an organism replicates and assembles a multi-segmented genome with fidelity previously measured at 100% presents a model system for exploring questions involving genome assortment and RNA/protein interactions in general. The virus family Reoviridae, containing nine genera and more than 200 ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Roner MR,Roehr J

更新日期：2006-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are over 100 known human adenovirus (HAdV) types, which are able to cause a broad variety of different self-limiting but also lethal diseases especially in immunocompromised patients. Only limited information about the pathogenesis and biology of the majority of these virus types is available. In the p...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Mese K,Bunz O,Schellhorn S,Volkwein W,Jung D,Gao J,Zhang W,Baiker A,Ehrhardt A

更新日期：2020-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The recent 2009 (H1N1) influenza A pandemic saw a rapid spread of the virus to essentially all parts of the world. In the course of its evolution, the virus acquired many mutations, some of which have been investigated in the context of increased severity due to high occurrences in fatal cases. For example, ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Lee RT,Santos CL,de Paiva TM,Cui L,Sirota FL,Eisenhaber F,Maurer-Stroh S

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are one of the important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Currently, eight HAstV genotypes have been identified and all but two (HAstV-6 and HAstV-7) have been fully sequenced. We here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a HAstV-6 strain (192-BJ07), which was...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Guo L,Gonzalez R,Wang W,Li Y,Paranhos-Baccalà G,Vernet G,Wang J

更新日期：2010-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：CORRECTION:After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an incorrect genetic sequence has been cited. On page 4, paragraph 1 the following sequence is cited "ATG GAT GCC GAC AAG ATT GTM TTY AAA GTY AAT A 3". This is an error and the correct sequence should be "GGG GGC TTT YCC TAG GGT ...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Schlottau K,Freuling CM,Müller T,Beer M,Hoffmann B

更新日期：2017-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Influenza A virus genomes are comprised of 8 negative strand single-stranded RNA segments and are thought to encode 11 proteins, which are all translated from mRNAs complementary to the genomic strands. Although human, swine and avian influenza A viruses are very similar, cross-species infections are usually...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Clifford M,Twigg J,Upton C

更新日期：2009-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), a constituent of the genus Begomovirus, infects tomato and other plants with a hallmark disease symptom of upward leaf curling. Since microRNAs (miRs) are known to control plants developmental processes, we evaluated the roles of miRNAs in Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToL...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Naqvi AR,Haq QM,Mukherjee SK

更新日期：2010-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Yearly influenza virus mutations potentially affect the performance of molecular assays, if nucleic acid changes involve the sequences in the assay. Because individual patient viral loads depend on variables such as duration of illness, specimen type, age, and immunosuppression, we examined seasonal populati...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Rand KH,Pieretti M,Arcenas R,Beal SG,Houck H,Boslet E,Lednicky JA

更新日期：2017-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Influenza A virus infects not only humans, but also other species including avian and swine. If a novel influenza A subtype acquires the ability to spread between humans efficiently, it could cause the next pandemic. Therefore it is necessary to understand the evolutionary processes of influenza A viruses in...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Furuse Y,Suzuki A,Kamigaki T,Oshitani H

更新日期：2009-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a novel target and molecule in the negative regulation of immune homeostasis. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic expression of TIPE2 mRNA during the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS:A total of 19...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Liu Y,Jin J,Ji J,Gao XM,Fan YC

更新日期：2019-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) has been associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens along with asymptomatic subclinical infection in many cases. So far, four genotypes have been described, which cause infection in chickens, specifically in broiler breeders and layer chickens. In the pre...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Iqbal T,Rashid U,Idrees M,Afroz A,Kamili S,Purdy MA

更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In China, more than 20 million patients with chronic hepatitis B need antiviral treatment. Side effects of antiviral treatment such as renal complications can be problematic, particularly in an aging population. METHODS:The data were retrospectively extracted from the hospital medical charts of five centers...

journal_title：Virology journal

authors： Gu J,Yu G,Zhang X,Zhang S,Cai H,Ye C,Yang Y,Li D,Tong Z,Shen H,Chen H,Ding F,Lai X,Liu J,Xu M,Wu W

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00