Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Combination anti-viral therapies have reduced treatment failure rates by requiring multiple specific mutations to be selected on the same viral genome to impart high-level drug resistance. To determine if the common protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M is only selected once or repeatedly on different HIV genetic backbones during the course of failed anti-viral therapies we analyzed a linked region of the viral genome during the evolution of multi-drug resistance. RESULTS:Using L90M allele specific PCR we amplified and sequenced gag-pro regions linked to very early L90M containing HIV variants prior to their emergence and detection as dominant viruses in 15 failed salvage therapy patients. The early minority L90M linked sequences were then compared to those of the later L90M viruses that came to dominate the plasma quasispecies. Using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees the emergence of L90M containing viruses was seen to take place on multiple occasion in 5 patients, only once for 2 patients and an undetermined number of time for the remaining 8 patients. CONCLUSION:These results indicate that early L90M mutants can frequently be displaced by viruses carrying independently selected L90M mutations rather than by descendents of the earlier mutants.
journal_name
Retrovirologyjournal_title
Retrovirologyauthors
Kapoor A,Shapiro B,Shafer RW,Shulman N,Rhee SY,Delwart ELdoi
10.1186/1742-4690-5-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-25 00:00:00pages
7issn
1742-4690pii
1742-4690-5-7journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Retrovirology文献大全abstract::Efforts to assess the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in patients with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have relied heavily on PCR-based testing of clinical samples and have yielded widely divergent findings. This week in Retrovirology, reports from four independent rese...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-112
更新日期:2010-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein indirectly influences transcriptional activation, signal transduction, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The function of Tax primarily relies on protein-protein interactions. We have previously shown that Tax upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint p...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-1-6
更新日期:2004-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 Integrase (IN) interacts with the cellular co-factor LEDGF/p75 and tethers the HIV preintegration complex to the host genome enabling integration. Recently a new class of IN inhibitors was described, the IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitors (INLAIs). Designed to interfere with the IN-LEDGF interaction during...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0373-2
更新日期:2017-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficient targeted gene transfer and cell type specific transgene expression are important for the safe and effective expression of transgenes in vivo. Enveloped viral vectors allow insertion of exogenous membrane proteins into their envelopes, which could potentially aid in the targeted transduction of spec...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-80
更新日期:2005-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 18 residue tail abutting the SH3 fold that comprises the heart of the C-terminal domain is the only part of HIV-1 integrase yet to be visualized by structural biology. To ascertain the role of the tail region in integrase function and HIV-1 replication, a set of deletion mutants that successively lacked ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-94
更新日期:2009-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emergence of drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. Whether antiviral immunity can augment ART by suppressing replication of drug-resistant HIV-1 in humans is not well understood, but can b...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-97
更新日期:2006-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chemokine receptors (CKRs), the primordial receptors for primate lentiviruses, are sufficient to mediate virus-cell fusion. Several different fusogenic CKRs and related receptors provide a broad potential host cell range, presumably advantageous for viral spread within a given infected individual, and across...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-61
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, there is an association between HTLV-1 tax subgroups (subgroup-A or subgroup-B) and the risk of HAM/TSP in the Japanese population. To investigate the role of HTLV-1 subgroups in viral pathogenesis, we studied the functional difference i...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0454-x
更新日期:2018-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12977-020-00540-2
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Attenuation of p53 activity appears to be a major step in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax transformation. However, p53 genomic mutations are late and rather infrequent events in HTLV-1 induced Adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The paper by Zane et al. shows that a mediator of p53 activity, Wild-type p53-indu...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-115
更新日期:2012-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage play multiple roles during the infection of primate lentiviruses serving as reservoirs for viral production or as vectors for viral spread to other cells and tissues. The human immunodeficiency type I virus is not only capable of establishing such complex and dynamic relations ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type:
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-7-28
更新日期:2010-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) carries a dismal prognosis due to chemo-resistance and immuno-compromised micro-environment. The combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha (IFN) significantly improved survival in ATL. Promising results were reported by adding arsenic trioxide to zi...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-91
更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection results in inhibited cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in macrophages, and this impairment involves Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1). We investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the cholesterol efflux by apoA...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-85
更新日期:2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 capsid influences viral uncoating and nuclear import. Some capsid is detected in the nucleus but it is unclear if it has any function. We reported that the antibiotic Coumermycin-A1 (C-A1) inhibits HIV-1 integration and that a capsid mutation confers resistance to C-A1, suggesting that capsid might aff...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0262-0
更新日期:2016-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that CD4(+) T cells play an important role in immunity to infections with retroviruses such as HIV. However, in recent years CD4(+) T cells have been subdivided into several distinct populations that are differentially regulated and perform widely varying functions. Thus, it is important to deli...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-8-76
更新日期:2011-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4⁺ T cells. Memory CD4⁺ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TL...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-10-119
更新日期:2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Crocodilians are thought to be hosts to a diverse and divergent complement of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) but a comprehensive investigation is yet to be performed. The recent sequencing of three crocodilian genomes provides an opportunity for a more detailed and accurate representation of the ERV diversit...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0071-2
更新日期:2014-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::The 16th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Retroviruses was held in Montreal, Québec from June 26th to June 30th, 2013 and was therefore hosted by a Canadian city for the first time. The major topic of the meeting was human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) and was covered through distinct...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type:
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-19
更新日期:2014-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have reported that various inbred SAM mouse strains differ markedly with regard to a variety of parameters, such as capacity for learning and memory, life spans and brain histopathology. A potential cause of differences seen in these strains may be based on the fact that some strains have a high conce...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-104
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 integration results in genomic DNA gaps that are repaired by cellular DNA repair pathways. This step of the lentiviral life cycle remains poorly understood despite its crucial importance for successful replication. We and others reported that Ku70 protein of the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0492-z
更新日期:2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1 typically develops resistance to any single antiretroviral agent. Combined anti-retroviral therapy to reduce drug-resistance development is necessary to control HIV-1 infection. Here, to assess the utility of a combination of antibody and fusion inhibitor treatments, we investigated the potency of mono...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0304-7
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We and others have recently demonstrated that the human retrovirus HTLV-I was producing a spliced antisense transcript, which led to the synthesis of the HBZ protein. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of antisense transcription in HIV-1 and to provide a better characterizati...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-71
更新日期:2007-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Integration of retroviral DNA into a germ cell can result in a provirus that is transmitted vertically to the host's offspring. In humans, such endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise >8% of the genome. The HERV-K(HML-2) proviruses consist of ~90 elements related to mouse mammary tumor virus, which causes b...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0062-3
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the gut, and the impact of microbial exposure on T cell loss, remain unclear. Understanding mucosal HIV...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-14
更新日期:2014-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The replication of HBV involves the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from the HBV genome through the repair of virion relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) in the virion. As cccDNA is the transcription template for HBV genomes, it needs to be eliminated from hepatocytes if the eradication of chro...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0318-1
更新日期:2016-12-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host cell involves interactions between the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and the cellular receptor CD4 as well as a coreceptor molecule (most importantly CCR5 or CXCR4). Viral preference for a specific coreceptor (tropism) is in particular d...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-60
更新日期:2012-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While viruses have long been shown to capitalize on their limited genomic size by utilizing both strands of DNA or complementary DNA/RNA intermediates to code for viral proteins, it has been assumed that human retroviruses have all their major proteins translated only from the plus or sense strand of RNA, de...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-80
更新日期:2006-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of relatively high levels of cellular protein contamination in density-purified virion preparations is a confounding factor in biochemical analyses of HIV and SIV produced from hematopoietic cells. A major source of this contamination is from vesicles, either microvesicles or exosomes, that have similar p...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-64
更新日期:2008-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several factors determine the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), such as coinfections in placentas from HIV-1 positive mothers with other pathogens. Chagas' disease is one of the most endemic zoonoses in Latin America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The purpose of the study was to d...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-53
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Tax proteins encoded by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) are transcriptional activators of both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via the CREB and NFkB pathways. In contrast to HTLV-1, HTLV-2 has been classified into four distinct genetic subtypes A...
journal_title:Retrovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-20
更新日期:2006-03-21 00:00:00