Commodes: inconvenient conveniences.

abstract：:This paper examines the impact of marital status on maternal mortality in the period before and the period after German reunification in the area covered by the former East Germany. Maternal mortality ratio prior to the reunification was stable and declined after reunification. This can be attributed to the adoption ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Razum O,Jahn A,Snow R

更新日期：1999-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine period trends in the rate of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital. DESIGN:Cohort study of patients discharged from psychiatric hospital. SETTING:Scotland. SUBJECTS:All patients aged 15-84 who were discharged from Scottish psychiatric hospitals during 1968 to 199...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Geddes JR,Juszczak E

更新日期：1995-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify an association between acute kidney injury and use of high potency statins versus low potency statins. DESIGN:Retrospective observational analysis of administrative databases, using nine population based cohort studies and meta-analysis. We performed as treated analyses in each database with a ne...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dormuth CR,Hemmelgarn BR,Paterson JM,James MT,Teare GF,Raymond CB,Lafrance JP,Levy A,Garg AX,Ernst P,Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies.

更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To support already established epidemiological links between inmates of Glenochil prison positive for HIV infection by using molecular techniques and thus provide evidence of the extent of acquisition during a recent outbreak of the disease resulting from needle sharing. To identify possible sources of the o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Yirrell DL,Robertson P,Goldberg DJ,McMenamin J,Cameron S,Leigh Brown AJ

更新日期：1997-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer by patient sex and age. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of randomised trials (the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO), the Italian Screening for Colon and Rectum trial (SCORE), and the Norwe...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Holme Ø,Schoen RE,Senore C,Segnan N,Hoff G,Løberg M,Bretthauer M,Adami HO,Kalager M

更新日期：2017-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the link suggested between growth in utero and during infancy and death from cardiovascular disease in men is also present in women. DESIGN:Follow up study of women and men whose birth weight and weight at 1 year of age had been recorded. SETTING:Hertfordshire, England. SUBJECTS:5585 w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Osmond C,Barker DJ,Winter PD,Fall CH,Simmonds SJ

更新日期：1993-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there are important differences in performance between group practices and singlehanded general practitioners and the extent to which any differences are explained by practice characteristics such as deprivation. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:206 singlehanded practices and 606...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hippisley-Cox J,Pringle M,Coupland C,Hammersley V,Wilson A

更新日期：2001-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the contribution of neuroleptic drugs to cognitive decline in dementia. DESIGN:Two year prospective, longitudinal study consisting of interviews every four months, with necropsy follow up. SETTING:Community settings in Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS:71 subjects with dementia, initially living at home...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McShane R,Keene J,Gedling K,Fairburn C,Jacoby R,Hope T

更新日期：1997-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical audit has its critics, who point to the large sums of NHS cash that seem to be disappearing down a medical plughole. These criticisms are recognised by medical audit advisory groups but there are many reasons why the work of these groups has not yet resulted in many publications in journals or bumped up health...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Johnson R

更新日期：1994-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The rapid aging of populations in developing countries as compared to those in the developed world has implications for medical training in these places. Moreover, the growing globalization of employment for many health professionals means that demographic shifts have implications for the training of health professio...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ebrahim S

更新日期：1999-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between warfarin treatment and longitudinal outcomes after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation in community practice. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Hospitals (n = 1487) participating in the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program in the United States, ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Xian Y,Wu J,O'Brien EC,Fonarow GC,Olson DM,Schwamm LH,Bhatt DL,Smith EE,Suter RE,Hannah D,Lindholm B,Maisch L,Greiner MA,Lytle BL,Pencina MJ,Peterson ED,Hernandez AF

更新日期：2015-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether prophylactic treatment with low molecular weight heparin reduces the incidence of thrombosis in patients who have had general or orthopaedic surgery. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of results from 52 randomised, controlled clinical studies (29 in general surgery and 23 in orthopaedic surgery) in w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Leizorovicz A,Haugh MC,Chapuis FR,Samama MM,Boissel JP

更新日期：1992-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of supplementing information and advice on analgesia and exercise from a general practitioner with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a non-drug form of analgesia to reduce pain intensity in patients with tennis elbow. DESIGN:Pragmatic randomised controlled...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chesterton LS,Lewis AM,Sim J,Mallen CD,Mason EE,Hay EM,van der Windt DA

更新日期：2013-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings. DESIGN:Systematic review. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CAB Health, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, the database of abstracts of review...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Smith SM,Soubhi H,Fortin M,Hudon C,O'Dowd T

更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study delays between sending referral letters and the outpatient appointment and to assess the content of referral and reply letters, their educational value, and the extent to which questions asked are answered by reply letters. DESIGN:Retrospective review of referrals to 16 consultant orthopaedic surgeo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jacobs LG,Pringle MA

更新日期：1990-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the role of peak bone mass and subsequent postmenopausal bone loss in the development of osteoporosis and the reliability of identifying women at risk from one bone mass measurement and one biochemical assessment of the future bone loss. DESIGN:Population based study. SETTING:Outpatient clinic fo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hansen MA,Overgaard K,Riis BJ,Christiansen C

更新日期：1991-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of withdrawing diuretic drugs on oedema in patients prescribed them for only ankle oedema, excluding patients with cardiac, hepatic, or renal failure. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:15 general practices in the Netherlands. PATIENTS:1202 patients aged 65 years or older a...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： de Jonge JW,Knottnerus JA,van Zutphen WM,de Bruijne GA,Struijker Boudier HA

更新日期：1994-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In a series of papers published during the past decade Richard Wilkinson has advanced the view that income inequality is the key determinant of variations in average life expectancy at birth among developed countries. Yet a careful examination of the two sources of data on income distribution most often used by Wilkin...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Judge K

更新日期：1995-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review and critically appraise published and preprint reports of prediction models for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in patients with suspected infection, for prognosis of patients with covid-19, and for detecting people in the general population at increased risk of becoming infected with...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wynants L,Van Calster B,Collins GS,Riley RD,Heinze G,Schuit E,Bonten MMJ,Damen JAA,Debray TPA,De Vos M,Dhiman P,Haller MC,Harhay MO,Henckaerts L,Kreuzberger N,Lohman A,Luijken K,Ma J,Andaur CL,Reitsma JB,Sergeant

更新日期：2020-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of the method of data display on physician investigators' decisions to stop hypothetical clinical trials for an unplanned statistical analysis. DESIGN:Prospective, mixed model design with variables between subjects and within subjects (repeated measures). SETTING:Comprehensive cancer c...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Elting LS,Martin CG,Cantor SB,Rubenstein EB

更新日期：1999-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calc...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Witteman JC,Grobbee DE,Kok FJ,Hofman A,Valkenburg HA

更新日期：1989-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To use funnel plots and cumulative funnel plots to compare in-hospital outcome data for operators undertaking percutaneous coronary interventions with predicted results derived from a validated risk score to allow for early detection of variation in performance. DESIGN:Analysis of prospectively collected dat...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kunadian B,Dunning J,Roberts AP,Morley R,Twomey D,Hall JA,Sutton AG,Wright RA,Muir DF,de Belder MA

更新日期：2008-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of intensive geriatric rehabilitation on demented patients with hip fracture. DESIGN:Preplanned subanalysis of randomised intervention study. Settting: Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Finland. PARTICIPANTS:243 independently living patients aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital with ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Huusko TM,Karppi P,Avikainen V,Kautiainen H,Sulkava R

更新日期：2000-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and parti...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Strachan DP

更新日期：1988-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A 40 year old man presents with a 1 cm tender soft swelling in the lateral neck region. This developed seven days after the onset of a tonsillitis episode that has now resolved. He has a 20 pack-year smoking history and consumes minimal alcohol. Examination is otherwise normal. ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dwivedi RC,Masterson L,Alam M,Jani P

更新日期：2013-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chong EW,Wong TY,Kreis AJ,Simpson JA,Guymer RH

更新日期：2007-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of perineal massage in the second stage of labour on perineal outcomes. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS:At 36 weeks' gestation, women expecting normal birth of a singleton were asked to join the study. Women became eligible to be randomised in labour if they progres...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Stamp G,Kruzins G,Crowther C

更新日期：2001-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nicolini U,Kochenour NK,Greco P,Letsky EA,Johnson RD,Contreras M,Rodeck CH

更新日期：1988-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis entered by general practitioners on a computer system. To compare recording of clinical events on computer with written records. DESIGN:Examination of case notes of all patients with a computer diagnosis of psychosis. Search...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nazareth I,King M,Haines A,Rangel L,Myers S

更新日期：1993-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine whether total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee reduces the risk for serious cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-severe osteoarthritis. DESIGN:Propensity score matched landmark analysis. SETTING:Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS:2200 adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis aged 55 or...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ravi B,Croxford R,Austin PC,Lipscombe L,Bierman AS,Harvey PJ,Hawker GA

更新日期：2013-10-30 00:00:00