Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of the method of data display on physician investigators' decisions to stop hypothetical clinical trials for an unplanned statistical analysis. DESIGN:Prospective, mixed model design with variables between subjects and within subjects (repeated measures). SETTING:Comprehensive cancer centre. PARTICIPANTS:34 physicians, stratified by academic rank, who were conducting clinical trials. INTERVENTIONS:PARTICIPANTS were shown tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and icon displays containing hypothetical data from a clinical trial and were asked to decide whether to continue the trial or stop for an unplanned statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Percentage of accurate decisions with each type of display. RESULTS:Accuracy of decisions was affected by the type of data display and positive or negative framing of the data. More correct decisions were made with icon displays than with tables, pie charts, and bar graphs (82% v 68%, 56%, and 43%, respectively; P=0.03) and when data were negatively framed rather than positively framed in tables (93% v 47%; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS:Clinical investigators' decisions can be affected by factors unrelated to the actual data. In the design of clinical trials information systems, careful consideration should be given to the method by which data are framed and displayed in order to reduce the impact of these extraneous factors.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Elting LS,Martin CG,Cantor SB,Rubenstein EBdoi
10.1136/bmj.318.7197.1527keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-05 00:00:00pages
1527-31issue
7197eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
318pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the assumptions underlying consumers' responses to questions of resource priorities in the NHS. DESIGN:Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with a heterogeneous sample of 16 patients drawn from a general practice. RESULTS:Interviewees were not persuaded that they had a legitimate r...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1137
更新日期:1995-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The recent growth in the numbers of published systematic reviews reflects growing recognition of their importance for improving knowledge about the effects of health care. In Britain the NHS R&D Programme has established two centres to prepare systematic reviews of existing information, and the Cochrane Collaboration-...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6958.862
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS:261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 c...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the absolute risks or benefits on cancer associated with oral contraception, using incident data. DESIGN:Inception cohort study. SETTING:Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. PARTICIPANTS:Directly standardised data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.39289.649410.55
更新日期:2007-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a multifaceted flexible educational programme aimed at reducing antibiotic dispensing at the practice level in primary care. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with general practices as the unit of randomisation and analysis. Clinicians and researchers were blinded ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.d8173
更新日期:2012-02-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the association between ambulance response time and survival from out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to estimate the effect of reducing response times. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Scottish Ambulance Service. SUBJECTS:All out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrests due to cardiac disease ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7299.1385
更新日期:2001-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calc...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6674.642
更新日期:1989-03-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the functional results after displaced fractures of the femoral neck treated with internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty. DESIGN:Randomised trial with blinding of assessments of functional results. SETTING:University hospital. PARTICIPANTS:222 patients; 165 (74%) women, mean age 83 years. Inclusi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.39399.456551.25
更新日期:2007-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the comparative clinical efficacy and acceptability of non-surgical brain stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults. DESIGN:Systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Electronic search of Embase, PubMed/Medline, and PsycINFO up to 8 M...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.l1079
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f228
更新日期:2013-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax the presence or absence of a pleural leak can be shown at the time of manual aspiration by use of a marker gas. Also, to find out if the technique can predict whether manual aspiration will be successful, hence avoiding the need for intercostal t...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6771.262
更新日期:1991-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::A randomised controlled trial of two management regimens was carried out in women patients over 65 years of age with hip fractures. Ninety seven patients were admitted to a designated orthopaedic geriatric unit and 125 to orthopaedic wards. No difference was observed in mortality, length of stay, or placement of patie...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6656.1116
更新日期:1988-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::First aid, as a profession in its own right, has a history of only 120 years. It evolved from the teachings of the Royal Humane Society and military surgeons, who saw the wisdom of training in splinting and bandaging for battlefield wounds. In 1878 two Aberdeenshire military officers, Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd of t...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-12-24 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-02-13 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7190.1035
更新日期:1999-04-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7083.796
更新日期:1997-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among newly remanded prisoners, assess the effectiveness of prison reception screening, and examine the clinical management of substance misusers among remand prisoners. DESIGN:A consecutive case study of remand prisoners screened at reception for substanc...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7099.18
更新日期:1997-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l4151
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2013-02-07 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-04-22 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.d1672
更新日期:2011-03-30 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.939
更新日期:1994-10-08 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/bmj.e7961
更新日期:2012-12-04 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6697.487
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.991
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-07-19 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.f393
更新日期:2013-02-04 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.g7771
更新日期:2015-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funde...
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l4915
更新日期:2019-08-27 00:00:00