Abstract:
:An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calcified deposits in the abdominal aorta, which have been shown to represent intimal atherosclerosis. Aortic atherosclerosis was present in eight (3%) of the premenopausal women and in 38 (12%) of the postmenopausal women. After adjustments for age and other indicators of cardiovascular risk women with a natural menopause had a 3.4 times greater risk of atherosclerosis than premenopausal women (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 9.7; p less than 0.05); women who had had a bilateral oophorectomy had a 5.5 times greater risk (1.9 to 15.8; p less than 0.005). No excess risk of atherosclerosis was observed among women who had had a hysterectomy without removal of both ovaries. These results suggest that when oestrogen production stops, either naturally or after surgery, the risk of atherosclerosis is increased.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Witteman JC,Grobbee DE,Kok FJ,Hofman A,Valkenburg HAdoi
10.1136/bmj.298.6674.642subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-11 00:00:00pages
642-4issue
6674eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
298pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Seventy five consecutive users of the Leeds disabled living foundation were surveyed. Two thirds of these users were at least moderately severely disabled. Forty eight of the 65 people (74%) who completed the questionnaire were recommended aids, and 33 had received some at the end of the survey. Only 10 of 28 people h...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6662.1523
更新日期:1988-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::In July 1992 Dr Keith Mumby, a clinical ecologist, appeared before the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council on five charges to do with his practice of clinical ecology. He was found guilty of two of the charges--touting for publicity and failing to give a patient adequate medical attention--an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6870.122
更新日期:1993-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::The issue of children on hunger strike (voluntary total fasting) has not been reported before. The World Medical Association Declaration of Tokyo 1975 and the Declaration of Malta 1991 (revised 1992) provide clinicians with guidelines for the management of adult patients on hunger strike but do not mention children. W...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7029.501
更新日期:1996-02-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess strategies for advice on analgesia and steam inhalation for respiratory tract infections. DESIGN:Open pragmatic parallel group factorial randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Primary care in United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS:Patients aged ≥ 3 with acute respiratory tract infections. INTERVENTION:889 p...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.f6041
更新日期:2013-10-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between different antidepressant treatments and the rates of suicide and attempted suicide or self harm in people with depression. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Patients registered with UK general practices contributing data to the QResearch database. PARTICIPANTS:238,963 patients...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h517
更新日期:2015-02-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To provide contemporary estimates of the prevalence of microcephaly in Europe, determine if the diagnosis of microcephaly is consistent across Europe, and evaluate whether changes in prevalence would be detected using the current European surveillance performed by EUROCAT (the European Surveillance of Conge...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.i4721
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::The recent growth in the numbers of published systematic reviews reflects growing recognition of their importance for improving knowledge about the effects of health care. In Britain the NHS R&D Programme has established two centres to prepare systematic reviews of existing information, and the Cochrane Collaboration-...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6958.862
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of coexistent psychiatric morbidity on risk of suicide after a suicide attempt. DESIGN:Cohort study with follow-up for 21-31 years. SETTING:Swedish national register based study. PARTICIPANTS:39 685 people (53% women) admitted to hospital for attempted suicide during 1973-82. MAI...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.a2205
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Confirmation of breakthroughs in three different malaria chemoprophylactic regimens (chloroquine 300 mg weekly and proguanil 100 mg daily; chloroquine 300 mg weekly and proguanil 200 mg daily; proguanil 200 mg daily) and assessment of compliance. DESIGN:Prospective, randomised multicentre trial. SETTING:Fi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6911.1041
更新日期:1993-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and parti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6658.1223
更新日期:1988-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine period trends in the rate of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital. DESIGN:Cohort study of patients discharged from psychiatric hospital. SETTING:Scotland. SUBJECTS:All patients aged 15-84 who were discharged from Scottish psychiatric hospitals during 1968 to 199...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7001.357
更新日期:1995-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of oral rehydration in children with moderate dehydration caused by gastroenteritis, and to compare the complications of oral and intravenous treatment. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Emergency department and infectious diseases ward in a large urban teaching hosp...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6799.393
更新日期:1991-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of the gene for cystic fibrosis has led to the possibility of population based screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis to identify couples at risk of having an affected child. Pilot studies have shown that screening is feasible and does not cause untoward anxiety, though the uptake of testing vari...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6908.849
更新日期:1993-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of resting echocardiography before elective intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery with survival and length of hospital stay. DESIGN:Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2008. PART...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.d3695
更新日期:2011-06-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare patient outcomes of restrictive versus liberal blood transfusion strategies in patients with cardiovascular disease not undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Randomised controlled trials involving a threshold for red blood cell transfusion in hospita...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i1351
更新日期:2016-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess aspects of the internal validity of recently published cluster randomised trials and explore the reporting of information useful in assessing the external validity of these trials. DESIGN:Review of 34 cluster randomised trials in primary care published in 2004 and 2005 in seven journals (British M...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.39517.495764.25
更新日期:2008-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, and accidents. It is based on 38 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews and articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which shift work may cause accidents and adver...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i5210
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether users of oral contraceptives and in [corrected] carriers of a hereditary prothrombotic condition (factor V Leiden mutation, protein C, S, or antithrombin deficiency) have an increased risk of cerebral sinus thrombosis. DESIGN:Comparison of a prospective series of cases of cerebral sinu...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7131.589
更新日期:1998-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::On 1 April the Department of Health introduced the mandatory collection of data on the ethnic group of patients admitted to hospital. Its coding was based on a national minimum standard for classifying ethnic groups, ostensibly using the categories in the 1991 census. In the census, however, one in four people from et...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7011.1006
更新日期:1995-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly and disabled people have been led to expect great improvements in the quality of community care after April 1993. The choice to live safely at home is to be offered as an alternative to residential care. The financial and organisational relationships are all intended to support this in practice. The Tomlinson ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6866.1418
更新日期:1992-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between elective caesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of elective caesarean sections. DESIGN:Cohort study with prospectively collected data from the Aarhus birth cohort, Denmark. SETTING:Obstetric department and neonatal department...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.39405.539282.BE
更新日期:2008-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Objective To examine off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care and determine the level of scientific support for off-label prescribing.Design Descriptive study of antidepressant prescriptions written by primary care physicians using an indication based electronic prescribing system.Setting Primary care...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.j603
更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine trends over time in the rates of admission to hospital for accidents of preschool children and to study patterns of repeated admissions for accidents in these children. DESIGN:Analysis of linked, routine abstracts of hospital inpatient records for accidents. SETTING:Six districts in the Oxford R...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6767.16
更新日期:1991-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump therapy) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Swedish National Diabetes Register, Sweden 2005-12. PARTICIPANTS:18,168 people with type 1 dia...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h3234
更新日期:2015-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::About 70% of all abortions performed in Delhi, India, are terminations due to the fetus being female. Private clinics make a profit out of offering sex determination tests. The new bill (the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Bill) introduced in Lok Sabha by Deputy Health Minister Pawan Singh Ghatowatr would stop "sex d...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6952.428
更新日期:1994-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the individual and combined associations of unhealthy behaviours (low/intermediate physical activity, consuming fruit and vegetables less than once a day, current smoking/short term ex-smoking, never/former/heavy alcohol drinking), assessed at start of follow-up, with hazard of disability among ol...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f4240
更新日期:2013-07-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether a raised serum troponin T concentration would be an independent predictor of death in patients with an acute ischaemic stroke. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. SUBJECTS:All 181 patients with an acute ischaemic stroke admitted over nine months i...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7248.1502
更新日期:2000-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS:261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 c...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of overweight on premature mortality and work disability in young and middle aged Finns. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study based on data collected in the multiphasic health examinations by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland from 1966 to 1972 and follow up until 1982. SETTING...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6756.835
更新日期:1990-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether occupational exposure among commercial airline cabin attendants are associated with risk of cancer. DESIGN:Record linkage study. SETTING:Finland. SUBJECTS-1577 female and 187 male cabin attendants who had worked for the Finnish airline companies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Standardised incidenc...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7006.649
更新日期:1995-09-09 00:00:00